Hongshuia paoli, Zhang, E, Qiang, Xin & Lan, Jia-Hu, 2008

Zhang, E, Qiang, Xin & Lan, Jia-Hu, 2008, Description of a new genus and two new species of labeonine fishes from South China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), Zootaxa 1682, pp. 33-44 : 35-39

Hongshuia paoli , new species

( Figs. 2 A, 3A, 4A; Table 1 )

Holotype: IHB 200210911, 54. 3 mm SL, China, Guangxi Province, Pearl River drainage, Hongshui He, Panyang He stream at Baoli village, Fengshan County, approximately 24º33’N, 107º03’E; J. H. Lan; October, 2002.

Paratypes: IHB 200210900–10, 200210912–3, 14 ex., 47.2–65.4 mm SL, same data as holotype. Nontypes: IHB, not catalogued, 15 ex., 31.8–38.3 mm SL, China, Guangxi Province, Pearl River drainage, Hongshui He in Linyun County, roughly 24º21’N, 106º33’E; J. H. Lan; October, 2002.

Diagnosis. A species of Hongshuia having rostral fold covered densely with well-developed papillae, deeply indented distal margin; median lobe of lower lip with ring-like fold and central fleshy pad papillated; tubercles on tip of snout and anterior portion of lachrymal large, tall, conical with sharp tips; long dorsal fin (length 23.7–26.9 % SL); dorsal fin origin nearer to tip of snout than to caudal-fin base; black blotches on middle interradial membranes between branched dorsal-fin rays; long snout (length 50.0–57.0 % HL).

Description. Morphometric data are given in Table 1 . Refer to Figures 2 A and 3A for general body appearance and morphology of the oromandibular structures, respectively. Body elongate, cylindrical anteriorly and slightly compressed posteriorly, with greatest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin and least depth of caudal peduncle nearer to caudal-fin base than to posterior end of anal-fin base. Dorsal profile of body from tip of snout to dorsal-fin origin slightly convex; somewhat concave from there to origin of dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays. Ventral profile of body from tip of snout to anal-fin origin convex; slightly concave from analfin origin to origin of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays.

Head relatively small, slightly depressed, longer than wide and wider than high. Eye small, dorsolaterally located in posterior half of head, with a wide, slightly convex interorbital space. Snout rounded when viewed dorsally, obtuse when viewed laterally, with many tubercles on tip of snout and anterior portion of lachrymal, irregularly organized in tow rows ( Fig. 4 A); tubercles large, tall, conical with sharp tips. Side of snout with a shallow furrow running from rostral barbel base to lateral extremity of rostral fold along anteroventral border of lachrymal. Two pairs of well-developed barbels, equal to or somewhat shorter than eye diameter. Rostral barbels placed at anterior end of shallow furrow on side of snout. Maxillary barbels rooted at corner of mouth or next to lateral extremity of rostral fold, slightly longer than rostral barbels. Mouth inferior, slightly archshaped.

Rostral fold crenulated with a deeply indented distal margin, covered densely with well- developed papillae, disconnected from lower lip at corners of mouth, or terminating next to base of maxillary barbel. Upper lip absent. Upper jaw bearing a thick, flexible, cornified sheath, covered by rostal fold, disconnected from lower lip at corners of mouth. Lower lip divided into two lateral lobes and one median lobe. Lateral lobe small, elliptical, positioned between maxillary barbel base and median lobe, covered densely with well-developed papillae. Median lobe large, modified to form a round, fleshy plate and situated between two lateral lobes. Fleshy plate peripherally greatly protruded so as to form a ring-like fold and centrally sunken so as to form a round, flat, fleshy pad. Anterior half of this fold covered densely with well-developed papillae, but posterior half and pad sparesly covered with weakly developed papillae. Ring-like fold anteriorly separated from lower jaw by a transverse, deep, and arched groove; this groove prolonged backwards and posteromedially along lateral and posterolateral margins of ring-like fold to become a shallow groove separating them from mental region; posteromedian margin of this fold posteriorly progressively reduced to be continuous with mental region. Lower jaw with a thick, flexible, cornified cutting edge.

Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 7*(15) branched rays, last one split to base; origin nearer to tip of snout than to caudal-fin base; last unbranched ray longer than HL; distal margin slightly concave. Pectoral fin with 1 unbranched and 13(6) or 14*(9) branched rays; third and fourth branched rays longest; tip of depressed fin extending beyond halfway to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 8*(15) branched rays, inserted vertically behind dorsal-fin origin; second branched ray longest; tip of depressed fin not reaching anal-fin origin but beyond vent; axillary scales long, extending beyond basis of last ray. Anal-fin with 3 unbranched and 5*(15) branched rays, last one split to base; origin closer to pelvic-fin origin and to caudal-fin base; distal margin slightly concave. Three scales between vent and anal-fin origin. Caudal deeply forked; upper and lower lobes equal in length and shape, with pointed tips.

Scales moderately large. Lateral line complete, horizontal, 36*(8) or 37 (7) scales plus 3 scales on caudalfin base. Predorsal midline scales smaller than flank scales, irregularly arranged, not embedded under skin. Circumpeduncular scales 16*(15). 1/2 5 /1 /4 1/2 (15) scales in transverse row anterior to pelvic fin. Chest and belly scaled, scales along midventral region smaller than flank scales, embedded beneath skin. Air bladder bipartite, anterior chamber oval and posterior chamber stick-like or elongate, twice as long as anterior one. Pharyngeal teeth biserial; tooth pattern 3·5-5·3 (3), with compressed and pointed tips. Vertebrae: 23+15=38 (4), 23+16=39 (5), or 24 +15=39*(6).

Coloration. Ground color of body gray dorsally and laterally, yellow ventrally. Dorsal and lateral portions of head light brown. An inconspicuous longitudinal black stripe extending along lateral line on flank and terminating in a large blotch on caudal-fin base, broad anterior to vertical through posterior end of anal-fin base, with its width occupying approximately two scales widths, but narrow on caudal peduncle, with about one scale width. Each scale on back and flank with dark chromatophores along exposed portion of its posterior margin to form a faint, dusky, crescentic mark. Dorsal fin with dark chromatophores on middle interradial membranes between branched rays to form black blotches. Dorsal surface of pectoral fin with small, scattered, dark chromatophores along branched rays, more so along last unbranched ray; caudal fin dusky with an indistinct submargin stripe along lobe; all other fins hyaline.

Distribution. Known only from the Hongshui He of the Pearl River drainage in Fengshan and Linyun counties, Guangxi Province, South China ( Fig. 5 ).

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Chinese name of the type locality, ‘Pao Li,’ used as a noun in apposition.

Comparison. Hongshuia paoli can be distinguished from H. banmo in having a rostral fold covered densely (vs. sparsely) with well-developed (vs. weakly developed) papillae, with a deeply (vs. shallowly) indented distal margin; a median lobe of the lower lip with its ring-like fold and central fleshy pad (vs. anterior half of its ring-like fold) papillated; tubercles on the tip of the snout and anterior portion of the lachrymal large (vs. tiny), tall (vs. short), conical with sharp (vs. blunt) tips; a longer dorsal fin (length 23.7–26.9 % SL vs. 21.8–23.4); dorsal fin origin nearer to the tip of the snout than to the caudal-fin base (vs. equidistant from the tip of the snout and caudal-fin base); black blotches on middle interradial membranes between branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. absent); and a longer snout (length 50.0–57.0 % HL vs. 42.5–47.9).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Lower lip morphology in: (A) Hongshuia paoli, IHB 200210911, holotype, 54.3 mm SL; (B) Hongshuia banmo, IHB 200410806, holotype, 57.4 mm SL; (C) Sinocrossocheilus guizhouensis, IHB 6650508, 59.0 mm SL.

FIGURE 4. Tubercles on tip of snout and anterior portion of lachrymal in: (A) Hongshuia paoli, IHB 200210911, holotype, 54.3 mm SL; (B) Hongshuia banmo, IHB 200410806, holotype, 57.4 mm SL.

FIGURE 5. Map showing distributions of two species of Hongshuia in South China.

Tables

TABLE 1. Morphometric data for type specimens of two Hongshuia species.

		H. banmo (n =10)		H. paoli (n =15)
	Holotype	Range Mean±SD	Holotype	Range Mean±SD
SL (mm)	57.4	38.7–57.4 48.0±6.7	54.3	47.2–65.4 51.7±4.3
Percentage of SL
Body depth	24.6	19.6–24.6 21.2±1.3	23.6	20.6–25.5 22.7±1.2
Head length	23.2	21.8–24.0 22.8±0.7	22.2	20.0–24.2 22.0±0.9
Caudal-peduncle length	17.0	17.0–20.9 19.6±1.1	18.3	15.8–20.3 18.6±1.4
Caudal-peduncle depth	11.9	10.5–11.9 10.9±0.3	13.3	11.7–13.3 12.6±0.4
Dorsal-fin length	21.8	21.8–23.4 22.7±0.4	24.7	23.7–26.9 24.8±1.0
Pectoral-fin length	20.2	20.2–24.3 22.8±1.0	21.8	20.4–23.3 22.2±0.8
Pelvic-fin length	17.4	17.4–19.4 18.5±0.7	19.3	17.6–20.6 18.9±0.8
Anal-fin length	18.1	17.9–20.4 18.9±0.9	18.9	17.8–22.5 19.7±1.2
Caudal-fin length	25.9	25.9–29.8 27.7±1.3	28.7	23.7–31.7 27.5±2.3
Predorsal length	51.6	47.6–51.6 48.6±1.1	49.8	47.7–51.6 49.5±1.0
Prepectoral length	21.9	18.7–21.9 20.5±0.8	22.9	20.5–24.3 22.7±0.9
Prepelvic length	53.6	47.7–53.6 48.7±1.2	52.8	51.3–57.4 52.9±1.4
Preanal length	76.4	69.7–76.4 72.6±1.2	73.8	71.6–77.6 73.8±1.5
Percentage of HL
Snout length	45.1	42.5–47.9 45.2±1.8	55.3	50.0–57.0 53.4±2.0
Eye diameter	21.7	21.7–26.7 25.1±0.9	23.5	20.4–26.8 24.6±2.0
Interorbital width	56.1	47.3–56.1 50.8±2.4	54.9	54.9–61.9 57.9±2.0