Holothuria (Lessonothuria) coronata, Villanueva & Solís-Marín & Laguarda-Figueras, 2022

Villanueva, Brenda Anaid Yanez, Solis-Marin, Francisco Alonso & Laguarda-Figueras, Alfredo, 2022, ? Holothuria (Lessonothuria) coronata sp. nov. (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea), a new species of sea cucumber from Socorro Island, Mexico, ZooKeys 1095, pp. 1-12 : 1

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1095.79375
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:45263338-A656-4F75-A83C-8AE409AF40DF
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0734862E-3F19-4790-AD3B-04440C36B869
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:0734862E-3F19-4790-AD3B-04440C36B869
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Holothuria (Lessonothuria) coronata
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

? Holothuria (Lessonothuria) coronata View in CoL sp. nov.

Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 , 4 View Figure 4

Type material.

Holotype ICML-UNAM 18432, 49 mm total length (TL), 1 specimen, Bahía Vargas Lozano, Isla Socorro, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Pacific Ocean 18°43'89.3"N, 110°57'30.3"W, 1 m depth, 4 April 2014, coll. Estrada Galicia, D. & Isaac Novoa, Y. Paratypes. ICML-UNAM 18433, 48 mm TL, Bahía Vargas Lozano, Isla Socorro, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Pacific Ocean 18°43'89.3"N, 110°57'30.3"W, 0.5-8 m depth, 4 April 2014; coll. Estrada Galicia, D. & Isaac Novoa, Y.; ICML-UNAM 18434, 48 mm TL; 1 specimen, Bahía Vargas Lozano, Isla Socorro, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Pacific Ocean 18°43'29.14"N, 110°56'57.77"W, 5-10 m depth, 29 May 2010, coll. Estrada Galicia, D. & Isaac Novoa, Y.

Type locality.

Bahía Vargas Lozano, Isla Socorro, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Pacific Ocean 18°43'29.14"N, 110°56'57"W.

Diagnosis.

Small-sized holothurian (up to 49 mm), 20 peltate tentacles, no distinct collar; anal papillae present. Podia as conical papillae dorsally and tube feet ventrally. Body wall thin, leathery. Single Polian vesicle, free stone canal. Ossicles as tables, buttons, pseudo-buttons and supporting rods, tube feet with perforated plates. Table discs spinose to smooth with 6-13 marginal holes; spire of moderate height, one cross-beam, terminating in a crown with 14-20 teeth, such crown with a high shape diversity. Pseudo-buttons (25-50 µm long) mostly irregular, often twisted and/or knobbed, with two to five holes. Dorsal papillae and tube feet with curved supporting rods (180-240 µm), ends and central part are widened and perforated, the edge of the widened part slightly spinose. Tentacles with slightly curved rods, spiny ends, without perforations (300-600 µm).

Holotype description.

Specimen preserved in alcohol with brownish body wall, the papillae, and ventral tube feet are white; 20 short beige tentacles. Ventral and dorsal body wall with minute white dots due to the presence of ossicle clusters. Anus surrounded by anal papillae. Calcareous ring stout (Fig. 4 View Figure 4 ), interradial pieces with a median anterior projection; radial pieces with a median anterior notch and much wider than the interradial pieces; dorsal radial pieces are wider and stouter than the ventral ones. Polian vesicle 10 mm long. Free stone canal, 2 mm long. Single madreporite. Longitudinal muscles divided, 8-10 mm wide. Tentacular ampullae 5 mm long. Cuvierian organs present.

Ossicles. Dorsal papillae with three types of tables, supporting rods, and a reduced terminal plate. The first type of table possesses circular disc (Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ), sometimes irregular (Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ), diameter of 50-70 µm, the rim is either smooth or spinous and turned up; four big central holes and 6-13 peripheral holes, sometimes a second series of smaller peripheral holes is present. Spire is low to medium and consists of four pillars, spiny crown with a central hole; single cross-beam. The second type of table (Fig. 2C View Figure 2 ) has a reduced disc with irregular rim, four central holes, and usually lacking peripheral holes, but some tables bear up to three peripheral holes. Spire is medium size (35-45 µm) and consists of four pillars, spiny crown with a central hole; single cross-beam. The third type of table (Fig. 2D View Figure 2 ) has reduced disc and smooth rim, four big central holes. Zero to seven peripheral holes, spire of four pillars; spiny crown. Curved supporting rods (140-240 µm) (Fig. 2E, F View Figure 2 ), the ends and the central part are widened and perforated; spiny edge. Reduced terminal plate, 50-60 µm wide. Anal papillae with three types of tables and supporting rods, these four types of ossicles are identical to those present in the dorsal papillae. Dorsal body wall with tables, buttons, and pseudo-buttons. Tables with circular disc (45-60 µm wide) (Fig. 2G View Figure 2 ), irregular rim, spinous or smooth; four central holes and eight to eleven peripheral holes, some tables present a second series of smaller peripheral holes. Spire low to medium sized consisting of four pillars, spiny crown with one central hole; single cross-beam. Some tables with button-shape and four big holes. Sometimes up to three peripheral holes are present, spire of four pillars, spiny crown. Irregular buttons (35-70 µm long) (Fig. 2H View Figure 2 ) with smooth edge, three to four pairs of holes. Pseudo-buttons (25-40 µm long) (Fig. 2I View Figure 2 ) with smooth and irregular edge, two to five holes. Ventral tube feet with three types of tables, plates, supporting rods, and terminal plate. The first type of table with circular disc (Fig. 3A View Figure 3 ), sometimes irregular (35-55 µm wide), and its rim is also irregular, whether spinose or smooth; four central holes and six to twelve peripheral holes. Spire low to medium with four pillars, spiny crown with central hole; single cross-beam. The second type of table bearing a reduced disc (30-40 µm wide) (Fig. 3B View Figure 3 ), four central holes and usually lacking peripheral holes, but rarely up to three peripheral holes are present. Medium size spire consisting of four pillars, spiny crown with central hole; single cross-beam. Tables rarely with a reduced spire (Fig. 3C View Figure 3 ). The third type are button-shaped tables (Fig. 3D View Figure 3 ) with spire of four pillars, spiny crown, disc with smooth rim and four big central holes. Perforated plates (Fig. 3E View Figure 3 ) with spiny irregular edge, 80-135 µm long. Curved supporting rods (130-230 µm) (Fig. 3F View Figure 3 ), the extremes and the central part are widened and perforated, irregular edge, sometimes with few spines. The terminal plates are bigger than the terminal plates from dorsal papillae. Ventral body wall with tables, buttons, and pseudo-buttons. Tables with circular disc (40-50 µm wide) (Fig. 3G View Figure 3 ) perforated by four central holes and eight to twelve peripheral holes. Spire low to medium with four pillars and spiny crown with central hole; single cross-beam. Button-shaped tables present, but scarcely. Disc with four big central holes and smooth rim, spire of four pillars, spiny crown. Buttons (40-50 µm length) (Fig. 3H View Figure 3 ) are irregular with three pairs of holes and smooth edge. Pseudo-buttons (Fig. 3I View Figure 3 ) with smooth edge and two to five holes (35-50 µm). Tentacles with slightly curved rods (Fig. 2J View Figure 2 ), both ends are spiny, without perforations (300-600 µm); some small rods are triradiated. Ossicles are not present in the longitudinal muscles, respiratory trees nor cloaca.

Etymology.

The specific name refers to the crown of the table spires at the dorsal papillae, dorsal and ventral body wall, and ventral tube feet; such crowns exhibit a high shape diversity.

Ecology.

Holothuria (L.) coronata sp. nov. occurs at 0.5-10 m depth, hidden under rocks in a well-aerated environment. It is a burrowing, deposit feeding holothurian.

Geographical distribution.

Only known from Isla Socorro, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Pacific Ocean.