Heraeus plebejus, STAL, 1874

Dellapé, Pablo M., Melo, María C. & Henry, Thomas J., 2016, A phylogenetic revision of the true bug genus Heraeus (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae: Myodochini), with the description of two new genera and 30 new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177 (1), pp. 29-134 : 103-109

HERAEUS PLEBEJUS STÅL, 1874

( FIGS 36H , 39E , 41A–D , 42 )

Heraeus plebejus Stål, 1874: 147 ; Uhler, 1886: 15; Van Duzee, 1894: 174; Lethierry & Severin, 1894: 191; Torre Bueno, 1908: 231; Banks, 1910: 65; Torre Bueno, 1910: 30; Barber, 1914b: 514; Osborn & Drake, 1915a: 506; Weiss, 1916: 10; Van Duzee, 1916: 21; Van Duzee, 1917: 179; Hussey, 1922: 21; Barber, 1923: 725; Torre Bueno, 1924: 50; Torre Bueno, 1925: 70; Blatchley, 1926: 390; Torre Bueno, 1930: 101; Glick, 1939: 23, 134; Froeschner, 1944: 643, 662; Torre Bueno, 1946: 69; Slater, 1952: 532, Barber, 1954a: 4; Ashlock, 1957: 422; Sweet & Slater, 1961: 339; Frost, 1964: 135; Slater, 1964: 1083–1084; Schaefer, 1972: 812; Slater, 1974: 158; Scudder, 1977: 34; Harrington, 1980: 109; Ashlock & Slater, 1988: 228; Slater & Baranowski, 1990: 130–132; Slater & O’Donnell, 1995: 147; Lago & Testa, 2000: 192; Slater & Brailovsky, 2000: 332; Baranowski & Slater, 2005: 142.

Diagnosis

Apex of basiflagellomere and distiflagellomere darker, the latter without a pale band. Pedicel with abundant erect setae, equal to or longer than diameter of segment. Labium extending to mesocoxae. Membrane without an apical corial spot. Metafemur with a subapical dark band. Pygophore apex pointed dorsally in lateral view.

Heraeus plebejus , together with H. pulchellus and H. pacificus , are the only species in the group that lack a pale band on distiflagellomere (although in some specimens of H. pulchellus a narrow pale band is apparent). Heraeus plebejus and H. pulchellus have pale brown to brown antennae, with the apex of basiflagellomere and distiflagellomere darker, and the ocelli are placed at the level of an imaginary line passing the posteri- or border of the eyes, whereas in H. pacificus the antenna is uniformly coloured dark brown and the ocelli are placed posterior of an imaginary line passing the posterior border of the eyes. Heraeus plebejus can be distinguished from H. pulchellus based mainly on body size ( H. plebejus over 5.25 mm long and H. pulchellus less than 5 mm long) and characters of the male genitalia.

Redescription ( Fig. 36H )

Head: Coriaceous. Eyes not surpassing the dorsal margin of head in lateral view. Ocelli at level of an imaginary line passing the posterior border of eyes. Labium extending to mesocoxae. Antennae pale brown to brown, with the apex of basiflagellomere and distiflagellomere darker. Distiflagellomere without a pale band. Pedicel with abundant erect setae, equal to or longer than diameter of segment.

Thorax: Posterior pronotal lobe with pale spots and with a pale spot on humeral angles. Anterior pronotal lobe with long erect setae. Scutellum with erect setae. Evaporative area extended. Inner corial spot diffuse. Costal margin pale on proximal three-quarters, with a subapical corial spot. Membrane brown, with veins paler. Legs: Profemur dark, at most with apices paler and long erect setae; metafemur with a subapical dark band ( Fig. 39E ). Protibiae and mesofemur without spines.

Abdomen: Brown, with abundant short recumbent setae. Male genitalia: Pygophore ( Fig. 41A, B ) rounded, apex with a protuberance pointed dorsally; anterior margin of dorsal aperture slightly rounded, inner projections more pronounced posteriorly. Parameres: Figure 41 (C, D). Aedeagus: conjunctiva with some minute spines laterally, lobes of vesica slightly sclerotized, with a few minute spines distally; processus gonopori long and slender.

Variability observed

The specimens from Tamaulipas and Nueva León ( Mexico) differ from the other specimens examined by the short pale band on the basal region of distiflagellomere.

Distribution

Canada, Mexico, and the USA; the Bahamas, South Bimini Island, Haiti, Belize, and Honduras (NEW RECORDS) ( Fig. 42 ).

This species has a broad distribution in North and Central America, probably originating from an ancestral stock that reached the West Indies and Galapagos Islands where it differentiated into other species: H. pacificus in the Galapagos Islands and H. pulchellus and H. concolor in Cuba, the Cayman Islands, and the Dominican Republic.

Type material

The type series is deposited in SMNH and is from Texas and New Jersey ( USA); Scudder (1977) designated a female lectotype and paralectotypes .

Material studied

BELIZE: 3♂, 2♀, Orange Walk Dist., Chan Chich Lodge , 14-IV-[20]04, BLT, R.M. & H.V. Baranowski ( USNM) ; 4♂, 2♀, 30-X-[20]09, BLT, R.M. & H.V. Baranowski ( USNM) ; 1♂, 1♀, 1-VI-[20]09, E. Flota ( MLP) ; 1♂, 15-X-[20]03, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 3♀, 12-IV- [20]04, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 2♂, 4♀, 13-IV-[20]04, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 1♂, 5-VII-[20]09, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 1♂, 21- IV-[20]04, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 1♂, 1♀, 4-V- [20]04, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 16♂, 20♀, 1-VI- [20]09, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 1♀, 18-X-[20]09, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 1♂, 1♀, 23-X-[20]09, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 1♂, 24-X-[20]09, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 2♂, 3♀, 25-X-[20]09, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 1♂, 27-X- [20]09, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 2♂, 1♀, 28-X-[20]09, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 2♂, 2♀, 29-X-[20]09, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 3♂, 1♀, 31-X-[20]09, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 2♂, 3♀, 1-XI-[20]09, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 2♂, 2-XI-[20]09, BLT, E. Flota ( USNM) ; 1♀, 13-XI- [20]04, BL trap, C. Sanabria ( USNM) ; 3♂, 2-I-[20]05, BL trap, C. Sanabria ( USNM) ; 1♀, 27-I- [20]05, BL trap, C. Sanabria ( USNM) ; 2♂, 30-IV- [20]05, BL trap, C. Sanabria ( USNM) ; 2♂, 7-XII- [20]04, BL trap, C. Sanabria ( USNM) ; 1♂, 4♀, 2-VII-[20]04, BL trap, C. Sanabria ( USNM) ; 1♂, Cayo Dist., Benque del Carmen , Riverside N., Mopan River Resort, 25-V-[20]07, blacklight trap, P. Picon ( USNM) ; 1♂, 30-V-[20]07, blacklight trap, P. Picon ( USNM) ; 1♂, 1♀, Mopan R. Resort, Riverside N., Benque Viejo del Carmen , Cayo, BLT, 27-VI-[20]06, A. Trujillo ( USNM) ; 1♂, 2♀, Cayo District, Benque Viejo , Riverside N. Mopan R. Resort, 22-IX-[20]09, BLT, M. Chrysler ( USNM) ; 2♂, 29-IX-[20]09, BLT, M. Chrysler ( USNM) ; 1♂, 4-X-[20]09, BLT, M. Chrysler ( USNM) ; 1♂, 7-X-[20]09, BLT, M. Chrysler ( USNM) ; 1♀, 15-X- [20]09, BLT, M. Chrysler ( USNM) ; 1♀, 6-XI-[20]09, BLT, M. Chrysler ( USNM) ; 2♂, Orange Walk District, Gallon Jug , 7-IV-[20]04, BLT, B. Miller ( USNM) ; 1♂, 13-IV-[20]05, BLT, B. Miller ( USNM) ; 1♀, 11-X- [20]05, BLT, B. Miller ( USNM) ; 1♀, Cayo District, Central farms, mile 67, Western Highway , 29-VI- [19]68, blacklight trap, W.L. Hasse ( USNM) ; 2♂, O.[range] W.[alk] Dist., Rio Bravo, Area hdqtrs., 11- VII-1996, UV trap, P. Shuey ( USNM) ; 2♂, 13-VII- 1996, UV trap, P. Shuey ( USNM) ; 5♂, 8-VII-1996, UV trap, P. Shuey ( USNM) ; 3♂, Rio Bravo Cons. Area, Mahogany Trail , 10-VII-1996, Uv & Hg vapor light, C.W. & L.B. O’Brien ( USNM) .

HONDURAS: 1♂, intercepted at Miami, 21-V-[19]54, A.S. Mills ( USNM) .

MEXICO: Coahuila: 1♀, 10 mi. S Allende , 11-VIII- 1958, H.F. Howden ( CNC) ; Durango: 1♂, 23 mi. W Durango , 7500 ft, 13-VI-1964, L.A. Kelton ( CNC) ; Oaxaca: 1♀, Rio Jatepec, Isthmus of Tehuantepec , blacklight trap, 21-V-[20]09, Blanton et al. ( USNM) ; Tamaulipas: 1♀, Tamps, Galeana Canyon , 19-VI- 1975, L.E. Watrous ( OSUC) ; 1♀, Antiguo Morelos 5 mi. W, 1400 ft, 20-VII-1954, J.G. Chillcott ( CNC) ; 1♂, CD, Mante, 27-VII-[19]60, at light, H. Howden ( CNC) ; San Luis Potosí: 1♀, Tamazunchale , 19-IV-1963, W.J. Gertsch & W. Ivie ( AMNH) . Veracruz: 1♂, 5 mi. S Veracruz , 30-VI-1975, at light, C.A., W.E., B.W. Triplehorn ( OSUC) .

USA: Alabama: 1♀, C.F. Parker ( USNM) ; Arizona: one without abdomen, Phoenix , 4-VI-1928, A.A. Nichol ( USNM) ; 2♀, one without abdomen, #90 ( USNM) ; 1♂, 2♀, Salt Riv. Valley , 16-II-1933, rubbish nr. cotton field, C.J. King ( USNM) ; 1♀, Thatcher , 20-VI-1951, E.J. Taylor ( USNM) ; Arkansas: 1♀, Hope , 11-VI- 1954, J.W. Green ( CAS) ; 1♂, 1-VII-1931, light trap, L. Knobel ( USNM) ; 1♀, 14-VI-[19]25, light trap, L. Knobel ( USNM) ; 1♀, 5-X-[19]25, light trap, L. Knobel ( USNM) ; 1♂, 23-VI-[19]25 ( USNM) ; one without abdomen, 25-V-[19]25, light trap, L. Knobel ( USNM) ; 1♂, Queen Wilhelmina State Park , 4-IV- 1987, G.F. & J.F. Hevel ( USNM) ; Connecticut: 1♂, Storrs , 29-VII-1954, F.B. Levi ( USNM) ; 1♀, 26-VIII- 1954, J.A. Slater ( USNM) ; District of Columbia: 1♀, Washington D.C., 15-V-[18]92 ( CUIC) ; 1♂, 8-VI- [19]03, Heidemann ( CUIC) ; 1♂, V-[19]08, Van Duzee ( CAS) ; 1♂, 2♀, Washington, 13-III-[19]10, B.M. ( USNM) ; 5♂, 1♀, 22-II-[19]06, D.H. Clemons ( USNM) ; 1♂, 4-VII-[19]14, H.H.T. Jackson ( USNM) ; 1♂, 1♀, 24-VII-[19]07, W.L. McAtee ( USNM) ; 1♂, 15-VII- [19]14, W.L. McAtee ( USNM) ; 1♀, 6-V-[19]13, at light, W.L. McAtee ( USNM) ; 1♂, J.D. Hood ( USNM) ; 1♀, 6-VII-[19]07, J.D. Hood ( USNM) ; 1♀, DC, 2-XII- [19]88 ( USNM) ; 1♂, DC, 3-XI-[19]38, C.V. Riley ( USNM) ; 1♀, Woodbridge , 4-VII-1913, A. Wetmore ( USNM) ; 1♂, Receiving Reservoir , 22-II-1913, W.D. Appel ( USNM) ; 1♂, 13-IV-1913, W.D. Appel ( USNM) ; Florida : 3♂, 2♀, Lake Alfred , 24-VI- [19]63, on Eremochloa ophiuroides, C.D. Risk (USNM) ; 1♂, 1♀, Volusia Co., 4-VIII-[19]56, at light, H.A. Denmark ( USNM) ; 2♀, 6-VIII-[19]56, at light, H.A. Denmark ( USNM) ; 1♂, Cleveland , IV-[19]25, D.M. DeLong ( PSUC) ; 2♂, 1♀, Archbold Biological Station , Highlands Co., 17-III-[19]62, S.W. Frost ( PSUC) ; 1♂, 1♀, one without abdomen, 24-IV- [19]67, D.E. Bright ( CNC) ; 1♂, 3♀, 23-IV-[19]67, D.E. Bright ( CNC) ; 1♀, 23-IV-[19]67, D.E. Bright ( PSUC) ; 1♀, 7-IV-[19]62, S.W. Frost ( PSUC) ; 1♀, IX- 1975, W. Rosenberg ( USNM) ; 1♀, 13 km S lake Placid , 4-V-1986, W. Steiner ( USNM) ; 1♀, Lake Placid, Archbold Biological Sta. , 4-V-1969 ( CNC) ; 1♂, 9-V- 1964, R.W. Hodges ( USNM) ; 1♂, 1♀, 18-V-1964,

R.W. Hodges ( USNM); 1♂, Highlands Co., 2-V- 1983, UV light trap, M. Deyrup ( USNM); 1♂, 1♀, 6-IV-1983, UV light trap, M. Deyrup ( USNM); 1♀, Putnam Co., 2 mi. NW Orange Springs, 1/3-VIII- [19]75, D. Bowman ( USNM); 3♂, 1♀, Washington Co., 5 mi. E Chipley, 31-VIII-[19]60, blacklight trap, W.C. Rhodes ( USNM); 1♀, Hendry Co., LaBelle, 10/ 11-III-1974, UV in oak groove, J. Reynolds ( AMNH); 1♀, Clewiston, 30-IV-[19]61, L.A. Kelton ( CNC); one without abdomen, 6-II-[19]41, M. Wrigth ( USNM); 1♀, Gainesville, 24-IV-1952, O. Peck ( CNC); 1♀, Alachua Co., Gainesville, 29°36.916′N, 82°23.102′W, 12-IV-2007, at light, C.L. Staines ( USNM); 2♂, 3♀, Doyle Connor Bldg, 2/4-V-[19]75, BLT, F.W. Mead ( USNM); 3♂, 1♀, 23/25-V-[19]75, BLT, F.W. Mead ( USNM); 1♂, 1♀, 2/4-V-[19]75, BLT, F.W. Mead ( USNM); 2♂, 12-V-[19]75, BLT, F.W. Mead ( USNM); 1♀, Punta Gorda, 11-IV-[19]52, J.R. Vockeroth ( CNC); 3♂, 3♀, Dade Co., Homestead, 11-IV-[19]69, blacklight trap, R.M. Baranowski ( USNM); 2♀, Homestead, 1-IV-1962, at light, S.S. Waley ( CNC); 2♂, 3♀, Dade Co., Agr. Res. & Ed. Ctr., Homestead, 12-IV-[19]69, blacklight trap, R.M. Baranowski ( USNM); 5♂, 4♀, Dade Co., Grossman Hammock Sta. Pk., 24-V-[19]72, blacklight trap, R.M. Baranowski ( USNM); 2♀, 2-V-[19]72, blacklight trap, R.M. Baranowski ( USNM); 1♂, Elfers, 14-IV-1952, O. Peck ( CNC); 3♂, 51–55, Stuart, 25- VI-1951, O. Bryant ( CAS); 3♀, Dunedin, 4-II- [19]26, W.S. Blatchley ( CAS); 1♀, Monroe Co., Everglades Natl Park, Flamingo Praire, 4-XII- 1970, sea level, P.H. & M. Arnaud ( CAS); 7♂, 19♀, 28-III-[19]70, R.M. Baranowski ( USNM); 33♂, 36♀, 4-V-[19]70, R.M. Baranowski ( USNM); 1♂, St Augustine, 7-III-[19]40, S. VanDyke ( CAS); 1♂, Sanford, 5-VI-[20]08 ( CAS); 1♂, 5-V-[19]28, E.D. Ball ( USNM); 2♂, 15-V-[19]26, E.D. Ball. ( USNM); 1♂, Palmdale, Fisheating Cr., 10-V-1964, R.W. Hodges ( USNM); 3♂, 2♀, Boynton Beach, 12-VI-1968, collected at blacklight, F.E. Wood & J.A. Davidson ( USNM); 4♂, 9♀, Marion Co., Sharpes Ferry Fld. Sta., 30-IV-[19]75, blacklight trap, N. Holler ( USNM); 2♂, 5♀, 15-V-[19]75, blacklight trap, N. Holler ( USNM); 3♂, 1♀, 30-X-[19]75, blacklight trap, N. Holler ( USNM); 1♂, Marion Co., Lake Eaton, 8-IV- [19]75, blacklight trap, P.C. Drummond ( USNM); 1♀, 22-V-[18]75, blacklight trap, P.C. Drummond ( USNM); 2♂, 1♀, Marion Co., 14 mi. SW Ocala, Ross Praire, 12-VI-[19]75, blacklight trap, P.C. Drummond ( USNM); 3♀, Taylor Co., Williams Landing, 21/ 30-VI-1967, R. Smith ( USNM); 1♂, Miami, 7-VII-1920 ( USNM); 1♀, Tampa, 5-II-1946, R.C. Froeschner ( USNM); 1♀, Paradise Key, 3-III-[19]19, H. Barber ( USNM); 2♀, 28-II-[19]19, H. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, VI-1919, C.A. Mosier ( USNM); 1♂, Ft. Lauderdale, 24-IV- 1928, D.M. Bates ( USNM); 1♀, 26-III-1928, D.M. Bates ( USNM); 1♀, Ducal Co. ( USNM); 3♂, 2♀, Baker Co., Olustee, 30-V-[19]63, blacklight trap, E.P. Merkel ( USNM); 6♂, 3♀, 12-VII-[19]63, blacklight trap, E.P. Merkel ( USNM); 1♂, 5♀, 2/4-VII-[19]66, blacklight trap, E.P. Merkel ( USNM); 1♀, Alva, 3-IV- 1919, A.A. Hardisty ( USNM); 2♂, 1♀, Edgewater, 28-II-[19]39, C.A. Frost ( USNM); 1♀, Royal Palm Pk., 20-VII-1948, E.L. Todd ( USNM); 1♀, 22-VII-1948, E.L. Todd ( USNM); 1♀, Old Town, 11-VII-1939, Oman ( USNM); 1♂, Orange Co., 2-VII-[19]29, Florida Fruit Fly Surv., E.T. Bates ( USNM); 1♂, 2♀, Wakulla Co., Surf Panacea, 5/ 15-VII-1967, C. Hilfiker ( USNM); Georgia: 1♀, P.R. Uhler ( USNM); 1♂, Atlanta, 12- VIII-1973 ( CUIC); 1♂, Pine Mountain, Rabun Co., 1400 ft, 14-V-1957, J.R. Vockeroth ( CNC); 1♂, Grady Co., Beachton, 18/ 24-V-1967, E.V. Komarek Sr. ( USNM); 2♀, 19/ 26-VI-1967, E.V. Komarek Sr. ( USNM); 1♂, Thomasville, 13-III-[19]03, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, Demorest, 14-VIII-[19]39, Valentine ( USNM); 4♂, 2♀, Peach Co., 18-V-[19]43, light trap, Turner ( USNM); Illinois: 1♂, P.R. Uhler ( USNM); Indiana: 1♂, Oxford, VIII-[19]13, Mrs. W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♀, Marion Co., W.S.B., 6-X-[19]21, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, 20-VI-[19]20, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, Jennings Co., 15-X-1912, H.O. Deay ( USNM); Kansas: 1♂, Orange, E.P. Van Duzee ( CAS); 1♀, Bourbon Co., 1 mi. N Redfield, 13-VII-1966, J. & W. Ivie ( AMNH); 1♂, 1♀, Douglas Co., Breidenthal Reserve, 15 mi. SE Lawrence, 29-VI-1979, R.J. McGinley ( USNM); 1♂, Independence, 25-VIII- 1950, R.I. Sailer ( USNM); 1♀, Topeka, 8-VII ( USNM); Kentucky: 3♀, Louisville, 23-VII-[19]40, D.R. Young ( USNM); Louisiana: 1♀, 30-XII-[19]31, J.H. Moreland ( USNM); Maine: 4♀, Augusta, 28-III-[19]62, in pkg. Chicory, A.E. Brower ( USNM); Massachusetts: 1♀, Chicopee, 29-X-[18]96, C.F. Baker ( USNM); 1♀, Holliston, 27-IX, N. Banks ( USNM); 1♀, Framingham, 1-XII-1932, C.A. Frost ( USNM); 1♂, 21-VI-[19]49, C.A. Frost ( USNM); 1♂, 19-X-[19]35, C.A. Frost ( USNM); 1♀, Natick, 27-IV-[19]35, C.A. Frost ( USNM); 1♀, Sherbon, thru sifting, 7-X-[19]33, C.A. Frost ( USNM); Maryland: 1♂, P.R. Uhler ( USNM); 1♂, Forest Gln., 9-X-[19]25, electric light, Heidemann ( USNM); 1♀, KabJohn Br., April 1, Heidemann ( CUIC); 1♀, Montgomery Co., Plummers Island, 38°58′N, 77°10′W, 27-VI/ 11-VII-2005, Malaise trap, lower trap, D. Smith & J. Brown ( USNM); 16♂, 26♀, Plummers, 30-III-1913, in drift, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, 18-VI-[19]14, on mullen, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 2♂, 1♀, 12-IV-[19]14, R.C. Shannon ( USNM); 1♀, 7-IX-[19]12 ( USNM); 3♀, 8-II-[19]05, D.H. Clemons ( USNM); 2♂, 28-X-[19]13, R.C. Shannon ( USNM); 1♀, 13-VIII-[19]14, at light, R.C. Shannon ( USNM); 1♂, at light, R.C. Shannon 8-VIII-[19]14 ( USNM); 1♀, 4-VII-[19]14, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, 23-IX- [19]15, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, 28-IX-[19]14, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, 25-I-[19]14, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♀, 18-I-[19]14, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, 30-VIII-[19]14, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, 24-V- [19]14, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♀, 1-V-[19]14, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, 7-VI-[19]14, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♀, 4-X-[19]14, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 2♂, 5-X-[19]13, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, 16-VIII- [19]12, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, 13-X-[19]07, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♀, 17-V-[19]08, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♀, 11-IV-[19]11, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, 29-V-[19]09, Brooklyn Museum ( USNM); 4♂, 5♀, Maryland near Plummers Island, 14-II-1915, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, 28-III-1915, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, Prince George Co., Patuxent Res. Refuge, Central tract nr Jct. River Road & Beech Tree Road, 39°2′57.06″N, 76°47′54.38″W, 5/ 8-V- 2006, Malaise trap, S.J. Scheffer ( USNM); 1♂, 1♀, Pr. Geo. Co., Cheverly, 38°56′N, 76°55′W, 10-VIII- 1993, W.E. Steiner & J.M. Swearingen ( USNM); 1♂, A. Arun. Co., 6 km S Edgewater ( SERC), 38°53′N, 76°33′W, 15-VI-1976, J.H. Falk ( USNM); 1♂, 3 mi. S Beltsville, 23-VI-1969, Druckenbrod ( USNM); 1♂, Beltsville, 17-V-[19]14, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, College Park, VII-1941, at light, L.P. Ditman ( USNM); 1♀, Breton Bay, Potomac Riv., R. Budlong, 13- VII[19]23, H.S. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, 1♀, Wicomico Co., Bivalve, 8-VI-1990, M.J. Rothschild ( USNM); 2♂, 4♀, 18-VII-1990, M.J. Rothschild ( USNM); 1♀, 11- IX-1990, M.J. Rothschild ( USNM); 1♀, 13-IX-1990, M.J. Rothschild ( USNM); 1♀, 17-VII-1990, M.J. Rothschild ( USNM); 1♀, Cabin John, 16-X- [19]61, R.I. Sailer ( USNM); 1♂, 1♀, 8-III-[19]08, H.O. Marsh ( USNM); 1♂, C.H. Popenoe ( USNM); 1♂, Minnie L., nr Cabin John, 5-VI-[19]31, E.E. Myers ( USNM); 1♂, Annapolis, 8-VII-[19]32, mosquito trap, F.C. Bishop ( USNM); 1♂, Chestertown, 8-IX-[19]32, mosquito trap, F.C. Bishop ( USNM); 1♂, Princess Anne, 28-VII-[19]32, mosquito trap, F.C. Bishop ( USNM); 3♂, 1♀, one nymph, Glen Echo, summer 1922, J.C. Bridwell ( USNM); 1♀, 10-VI-[19]23, J.R. Malloch ( USNM); 1♂, Plum Point, 20-VI-[19]14, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, 1♀, nr Bladesburg, 23- III-1913, W.L. McAtee ( USNM); 1♂, Paint Branch, 2 mi. W of Beltsville, 31-X-[19]31, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, Jacksons Id., 22-V-[19]13, Shannon & Barber ( USNM); 1♂, Contee, 7-V-[19]14, A. Wetmore ( USNM); 1♂, Hagerstown, 2-IX-[19]14, H.L. Parker ( USNM); 1♂, 6-V-[19]15, H.L. Parker ( USNM); 1♂, 12-VII-[19]15, H.L. Parker ( USNM); 1♀, Ch. Chase Lk., 24-X-[19]16, B.P. Currie ( USNM); Mississippi: 1♀, Gulfport, 10/30-VI-[19]38, R.E. Blackwelder ( USNM); Missouri: 1♀, McDonald Co., Elk River at Hwy. 59, 3 mi. N Noel, 8-VIII-1967, at light combined blacklight and Coleman lantern, H.B. Leech ( CAS); 1♂, Columbia, 27-VIII-1968, Malaise, F.D. Parker ( USNM); 1♂, 1-VII-1941, R. Froeschner ( USNM); 1♂, Lanagan, 18-IX-1942, R. Froeschner ( USNM); 1♂, Howard Bend, 6-IX-1938, R. Froeschner ( USNM); 1♂, Sarcoxie, 25-VII-1943, R.C. Froeschner ( USNM); 1♂, Kimaswick, 17-X-1943, R.C. Froeschner ( USNM); 1♂, Newmelle, 28-XI-1946, R.C. Froeschner ( USNM); 1♂, 2 km W St Louis, 23-V-[19]04, W.V. Warner ( USNM); 1♂, Webster Groves, 21-VII- [19]20, at light, V.R. Stones ( USNM); New Hampshire: 1♀, Hampton, S. Alberto Shaw, 3-IV-1932, A.E. Brower ( USNM); New Jersey: 1♂, Parshley ( CAS); 1♀, Arlington, Parshley ( CAS); 1♂, 9-III- 1902, Joutell ( USNM; 1♂, Orange, elect. light, Chittenden ( USNM); 2♂, Roselle Pk., V-[19]25, collected by sifting, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, 30-II- [19]07, collected by sifting, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, 1♀, 16-II-[19]07, collected by sifting, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, 28-II-[19]09, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 2♂, 1♀, Madison, 29-VII-[18]97, P.R. Uhler ( USNM); 1♂, 15-X-[18]97, P.R. Uhler ( USNM); 1♀, 15-VIII- [18]98, P.R. Uhler ( USNM); 1♂, 10-IV-[18]98, P.R. Uhler ( USNM); 1♀, Cape May Co., Cold Springs, 12-IV-[19]11, under dead leaves, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, 1♀, 12-IV-[19]11, H.G. Barber, under board ( USNM); 1♀, Cape May Co., nr. Town Bank, 10-IV- [19]11, under board, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, Lakehurst, collected by sifting, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, 3♀, IX-[19]26, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♀, 1-IV- 1916, beneath board, H.G. Barber ( USNM); New York: 1♂, Pinelawn, 4-V-[19]11, G.P. Engelhardt ( CUIC); 1♂, Hamburg, 31-VI-[19]02, Van Duzee ( CAS); 1♂, 12-IV-[19]01, Van Duzee ( CAS); 1♀, White Plains, 28-V-[19]09, Parshley ( CAS); 1♀, 4-IV-[19]09, Parshley ( CAS); 1♀, 11-IV-[19]09, Parshley ( CAS); 2♀, 2-IV- [19]25, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♀, 29-IX-[19]25, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♀, Rochester, R.M. Moore ( CAS); 1♀, Ithaca, 10-XI-[19]17, E.C. Van Dyke ( CAS); 1♀, East Aurora, 30-X-[19]21, M.C. Van Duzee ( CAS); 1♀, Batavia, 26-VIII-1914, H.H. Knight ( USNM); 1♂, Staten Island, 6-XI-[19]09, salt meadow, collected by sifting on edge, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♀, 2–22, collected by sifting, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 2♂, 3♀, Long Island, Cold Spring Harbor, 25-VIII-1900, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♀, 27-VIII-1900, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, L.[ong] I.[island], near Brighton, 14-IX-[19]09, collected by sifting, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♀, L.[ong] I.[island], Flatbush, 14-X-1892, Jlzabriskic ( USNM); North Carolina: 1♀, Rocky Mt, Edgecombe Co., 4-VII- 1973, R. Schrammel ( AMNH); 1♀, Black Mts, 13- III-1912, Beutenmuller ( CNC); 2♀, X-1966, J. & W. Irvie ( AMNH); 1♀, Wilmington, 7-IV-[19]14, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♀, Asheville, 12-V-[19]44, W.E. Hoffman ( USNM); South Carolina: 1♂, Charleston, 26-III-[19]32, Adams & Gay ( USNM); Ohio: 1♂, Ada, 6–41, C.R. Neiswander ( OSUC); 1♀, McGuffey, 7–41, C.R. Neiswander ( OSUC); 1♀, W. Unity., 6–41, C.R. Neiswander ( OSUC); 1♀, Hocking Co., 5–20, D.J. & J.N. Knull ( OSUC); 1♀, Scioto Co., 10-VI-[19]44, D.J. & J.N. Knull ( OSUC); 7♂, 10♀, Columbus, 7-VII- 1930, C.H. Hicks ( USNM); 1♀, Athens, City Park, 3-II-[19]50, P.J. Spangler ( USNM); Pennsylvania: 3♂, Philadelphia, VIII-[19]37, J.O. Pepper ( PSUC); 2♀, Martinsburg, 12-VII-[19]48, S.W. Frost ( PSUC); 1♂, 13-VII-[19]48, S.W. Frost ( PSUC); 1♂, 6-VII-[19]48, S.W. Frost ( PSUC); one without abdomen, 6-VII- [19]48, S.W. Frost ( PSUC); 7♂, 1♀, Phila., Chestnut Hill, 25-III-[19]39, E. Endy ( USNM); 1♀, Phila.[delphia], 24-VII-1928, J.C. Lutz ( USNM); 1♀, Lancaster, 6-I-[19]48, B.F. Coon ( PSUC); 2♂, 1♀, 14- I-[19]48, B.F. Coon ( PSUC); 1♀, Kennett sq., 26- VIII-[19]47, C.A. Thomas ( PSUC); 1♀, State College Center Co., 29-VII-[19]83, Verda Haas ( PSUC); 1♂, 1♀, Bucks Co., NE Jamison, Horseshoe Bend, Neshaminy Creek, I/ II-1954, W. Ivie ( AMNH); 1♂, Bucks Co., Neshaminy Creek, E of Jamison, 3-VII- 1966, J. & W. Ivie ( AMNH); 1♀, Bucks Co., Neshaminy Creek, 2 mi. E of Jamison, VI-29– 1966, J. & W. Ivie ( AMNH); Tennessee: 1♀, Gr. Smoky Mt., Nat. Pk., 2-VII-1957, J.R. Vockeroth ( CNC); 1♂, P.R. Uhler ( USNM); 1♀, Clarksville, 5-III-[19]09, hibernating Tob, field, C. Morgan ( USNM); 1♂, 1♀, hiberbating in leaves, C. Morgan ( USNM); 1♂, 15- IV-[19]09, C. Morgan ( USNM); 1♂, 3♀, Hamilton Co., 15-VII-[19]42, collected at light, peach orchard, Turner ( USNM); 6♂, 6♀, 24-VI-[19]43, light trap edge peach orchard ( USNM); 1♂, 3♀, 23-VIII-[19]43 ( USNM); one without abdomen, 12-VIII-[19]42 ( USNM); 1♂, Knoxville, 15-V-[19]17, sweep from sedges, Geo. G. Ainslie ( USNM); Texas, 1♀, P.R. Uhler ( USNM); 1♂, 1♀, C.V. Riley ( USNM); 2♂, 2♀, P.R. Uhler ( USNM); 1♂, Belfrage, C.V. Riley ( USNM); 1♂, 2♀, Sommerset, 27-XII-1942, E.S. Ross ( CAS); 1♀, Austin, 20-VI-[19]30, G. Linsley ( CAS); 1♂, San Antonio, 5-X- [19]47, E.S. Ross ( CAS); 2♀, Brownsville, X-[19]42, E.S. Ross ( CAS); 1♂, at light ( CAS); 6♂, 6♀, 16- IX-[19]42, T.M. Burnst, ( CAS); 5♀, L.R. Joyce ( USNM); 1♀, on weeds deputy, 11-V-[19]38 ( USNM); 1♀, 23- I-[19]43, from pink bollworm, I. Shiller ( USNM); 1♀, Hidalgo Co., Santa Ana Refuge, 15/ 16-II-1971, A. & M.E. Blanchard ( USNM); 1♀, Hidalgo Co., 29-VII- [19]47, at light, G.B. Vogt ( USNM); 1♂, 12/20-IX- [19]47, at light, G.B. Vogt ( USNM); 3♀, Plano, VII- [19]07, taken at trap light, E.S. Tucker ( USNM); 2♂, one without abdomen, July at night, E.S. Tucker ( USNM); 1♂, Houston, Harris Co., 1/ 4-VI-1967, A. & M.E. Blanchard ( USNM); 1♀, Sinton, Welder Wildlife Foundation, 3-V-1967, A. & M.E. Blanchard ( USNM); 1♂, 1♀, Victoria, Sept[ember] ( USNM); 1♀, Dallas, 25-IV-[19]07, F.C. Pratt ( USNM); 2♂, 1♀, Kerrville, 31-V-[19]06, at light, F.C. Pratt ( USNM); 1♀, College Station, 29-V-1933, J.R. Reinhard ( USNM); 1♀, Tyler, 15-II-[19]39 ( USNM); Virginia: 1♂, 1♀, Fairfax Co., Turkey Run (West), 38°57.9′N- 77°09.4′W,

29-VI/ 12-VII-2007, Malaise trap, D. Smith ( USNM); 2♂, 7♀, 3/ 17-VII-2008, Malaise trap, D. Smith ( USNM); 1♀, 5/ 19-VI-2008, Malaise trap, D. Smith ( USNM); 1♂, 14/ 28-VI-2007, Malaise trap, D. Smith ( USNM); 1♂, 2♀, Fairfax Co., 1 km E Fairfax city, 26/ 27-VII-2005, blacklight, J. Brown ( USNM); 1♂, Louisa Co., 4 mi. S Cuckoo, 1-VI-1985, Malaise trap, J. Kloke & D.R. Smith ( USNM); 1♀, Giles Co. , Mtn. L. Scenic Area , 3800 ft, 14-VII-1971, A.B. Gurney ( USNM); 1♂, Clarke Co. , U. Va. Blandy Exp. Farm, 2 mi. S Boyce, 39°5′N, 78°10′W, 19-IX/ 25-X-1993, Malaise trap, D.R. Smith ( USNM); 1♂, Scotts Run, Stubblefield Falls , 23-X-1921, on Pinus virginiana, J.R. Malloch ( USNM; 1♀, Falls Ch., 7-VI-[19]14, R.C. Shannon ( USNM); 1♂, 29-XII, H. Barber ( USNM); 1♀, 21-IX, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♀, Vienna, 21-V-[19]32, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, 1♀, 7-VI- [19]28, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, 3-VI-[19]28, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♂, 5-VI-[19]28, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 1♀, VIII-[19]18, H.G. Barber ( USNM); 2♀, 31-VIII-[19]32, J.C. Bridwell ( USNM); 2♂, 22-X- [19]32, at light, J.C. Bridwell ( USNM); 2♀, 1-IX- 1932, at light, J.C. Bridwell ( USNM); 1♀, 22-IX- 1932, at light, J.C. Bridwell ( USNM) ; one without abdomen, 31-V-[19]32, at light, J.C. Bridwell ( USNM); 2♂, 1♀, Norfolk, 3-VII-[19]63, B/ L Ser. x22 ( USNM); 1♂, Four Mile Run, 23-V-[19]14, A. Wetmore ( USNM) .

Figures

Figure 36. Habitus dorsal: A, Heraeus mesoamericanus sp. nov.; B, Heraeus mexicanus sp. nov.; C, Heraeus morganae sp. nov.; D, Heraeus nicaraguensis sp. nov.; E, Heraeus pacificus Barber, 1925; F, Heraeus pallidinervis sp. nov.; G, Heraeus penai sp. nov.; H, Heraeus plebejus Stål, 1874; I, Heraeus pulchellus Barber, 1954.

Figure 39. Legs: A, Heraeus nicaraguensis sp. nov.; B, Heraeus pacificus Barber, 1925; C, Heraeus pallidinervis sp. nov.; D, Heraeus penai sp. nov.; E, Heraeus plebejus Stål, 1874; F, Heraeus pulchellus Barber, 1954.

Figure 41. Male genitalia. Heraeus plebejus Stål, 1874: A, pygophore, dorsal view; B, pygophore, lateral view; C, right paramere, inner view; D, right paramere, external view. Heraeus pulchellus Barber, 1954: E, pygophore, dorsal view; F, pygophore, lateral view; G, right paramere, inner view; H, right paramere, external view.

Figure 42. Distributional map of Heraeus plebejus Stål, 1874 and Heraeus pulchellus Barber, 1954.