Paratetrapedia lineata, (SPINOLA, 1853)

Aguiar, Antonio J. C. & Melo, Gabriel A. R., 2011, Revision and phylogeny of the bee genus Paratetrapedia Moure, with description of a new genus from the Andean Cordillera (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Tapinotaspidini), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (2), pp. 351-442 : 387-388

PARATETRAPEDIA LINEATA ( SPINOLA, 1853)

( FIGS 10, 19, 22 , 27 , 30 , 49, 72, 80 , 104, 137 , 184 )

Ancyloscelis lineata Spinola, 1853: 87 ; holotype female, Brazil: Pará (MRSN, examined).

Tetrapedia lacteipennis Vachal, 1909: 26 ; lectotype female designated by Aguiar (2007), Peru: Huanúco, Paquitea (MNHP, examined).

Ancyloscelis lineatus ; Smith, 1854: 367.

Eucera lineata ; Dalla Torre, 1896: 236.

Macrocera lineata ; Schrottky, 1902: 522.

Tetrapedia lineata ; Ducke, 1910a: 368; Ducke, 1910b: 98.

Paratetrapedia lineata ; Moure, 1941: 517. Gottsberger, 1986: 33 (misidentification, based on geographical distribution). Santos et al., 2004: 323. Melo & Zanella, 2003: 2919 (misidentification of P. flaveola ).

Tetrapedia lacteipennis ; Moure, 1944a: 74.

Paratetrapedia (Paratetrapedia) lineata ; Michener & Moure, 1957: 415, figs 19–21 (drawings of S7–8 and genital capsule of male). Silveira & Campos, 1995: 375; Pedro, 1996: 251 (misidentification, based on geographical distribution). Pedro & Camargo, 1999: 202. Silveira et al., 2002: 136.

Ancyloscelis lineata ; Casolari & Moreno, 1980: 143.

Paratetrapedia aff. lineata ; Smith-Pardo, 2003: 338. Paratetrapedia lineata ; Aguiar, 2007: 620.

Comments and diagnosis: Paratetrapedia lineata has been frequently confused with other species of Paratetrapedia and related genera (e.g. Tropidopedia flavolineata Aguiar & Melo, 2007a ) exhibiting a similar pattern of bicoloured integument. This colour pattern, black to reddish brown head and thorax, with many yellow marks, combined with a mostly yellow and elongated metasoma, is found in many species of the lineata and flavipennis groups and some stingless bee genera (subtribe Meliponina ; Camargoia , Ptilotrigona , Tetragona ) in the Amazon Forest.

Paratetrapedia lineata can be distinguished mainly by the pale hyaline wing membrane with pale yellow microtrichia, and a few dark microtrichia on the margin of the forewing. Only two other species, P. flaveola and P. tocantinensis , have a bicoloured integument and pale hyaline wing membrane as in P. lineata . Paratetrapedia lineata differs from these two species by the metapostnotum dull with fine reticulate sulcus between the punctures ( Fig. 22 ), pronotal collar with an acute lamella throughout its length; genal area completely yellow or with at least a wide yellow stripe (c. two times F2 diameter); supraclypeal area with surface strongly convex and mostly smooth; disc of supraclypeal area with sparse punctures (c. 2 pd).

The holotype of P. lineata has the metasoma glued to the mesosoma and the glue hides the vertical surface of T1 and propodeum. Ducke (1910b) suggested that Tetrapedia elongata Friese, 1899 could be a synonymy of P. lineata (Spinola) . Although the holotype of P. elongata has not been located, P. lineata is not known from south-eastern Brazil (the type locality of P. elongata is Santa Leopoldina, in Espírito Santo). In the ZMB collection, there are 15 specimens identified by Friese as T. elongata , from far apart localities (Pará, Bolivia, Maranhão).

Variation: The yellow mark on the disc of metapostnotum can be very large, covering the metapostnotum entirely, or it can be very small and restricted to metanotum margin. Two specimens have the yellow stripe on paraocular area with the upper portion acutely sinuous, similar to the condition in P. flaveola . The colour of genal area can vary between entirely yellow or reddish brown to a wide yellow stripe (c. two times F2 diameter). One specimen from Yungas ( Bolivia) possesses the wing membrane weakly pale yellow infumate, metapostnotum with fine dense microsculpture and frons with minute subcontiguous punctures (<0.5 pd). Some specimens from Peru, Ecuador, and Óbidos ( Brazil, Pará) have T1 with minute punctures and disc of terga with microsculpture of fine reticulated lines.

Male. Body length: 6.7–8.4; maximum head width: 2.5–2.7; wing length (including tegula): 6.8–7.2. Female. Body length: 7.1–7.8; maximum head width: 2.3–2.9; fore wing length (including tegula): 7.6–7.8.

Distribution: Bolivia; Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia; Colombia, Ecuador, Peru ( Fig. 72).

Type material: Ancyloscelis lineata Spinola , holotype female (MRSN), ‘ Holotype \ lineata \ Spinola\ JS. Moure 1958’, information associated to the specimen in the drawer (Guido Pagliano, pers. comm., 2003): ‘ Ancyloscelis lineata mihi, femmina – D. Ghiliani – Para 1846’. This information agrees with the data presented by Casolari & Moreno (1980) about Spinola’s type material.

Tetrapedia lacteipennis Vachal ; lectotype female (MNHP): ‘ Pérou \ Paquitea’ ‘Museum Paris\ Coll. J. Vachal 1911’.

Additional material: See Appendix.

Figures

Figures 18–23. Figs 18–21. Lateral portion of pronotal collar, dorsal view; 18: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; female; 19: Paratetrapedia lineata, female; 20: Paratetrapedia duckei, male; 21: Paratetrapedia testacea, male; scale bar = 0.2 mm. Figs 22–23. Lateral portion of metapostnotum, female; 22: P. lineata; 23: P. flaveola sp. nov.; scale bar = 0.25 mm.

Figures 24–29. Metasoma, ventral view, male; 24: Paratetrapedia volatilis; 25: Paratetrapedia testacea; 26: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov.; 27: Paratetrapedia lineata; 28: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; 29: Paratetrapedia duckei; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 30–33. Figs 30–31. Metasoma, ventral view, female; 30: Paratetrapedia lineata; 31: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; scale bar = 0.5 mm. Figs 32–33. Fore margin of hind basitarsus, male; 32: Paratetrapedia volatilis; 33: Paratetrapedia fervida; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 77–84. Sternum 6 (S6), male; 77: Paratetrapedia hyalinata sp. nov. (Brazil, Pará); 78: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Três Marias); 79: Paratetrapedia scaposa sp. nov. (Brazil, Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul); 80: Paratetrapedia lineata (Brazil, Pará, Óbidos); 81: Paratetrapedia vogeli sp. nov. (Peru, Cuzco, Quincemil); 82: Paratetrapedia rufa sp. nov. (Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz de La Sierra); 83: Paratetrapedia bicolor (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Conceição da Barra); 84: Paratetrapedia mexicana sp. nov. (Mexico, Jalisco, San Patricio); scale bars = 0.1 mm (Fig. 77); 0.05 mm (remaining figures).

Figures 129–137. Sternum 8 (S8), male; 129: Paratetrapedia flavescens sp. nov. (Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Xilitla); 130: Paratetrapedia mexicana sp. nov. (Mexico, Jalisco, San Patricio); 131: Paratetrapedia fervida (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa); 132: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pratinha); 133: Paratetrapedia flavifrons sp. nov. (Brazil, Rondônia, Vilhena); 134: Paratetrapedia romani (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 135: Paratetrapedia tocantinensis sp. nov. (Brazil, Goiás, Campos Belos); 136: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Três Marias); 137: Paratetrapedia lineata (Brazil, Pará, Óbidos); scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 171–184. Male genital capsule, ventral and dorsal views; 171–172: Paratetrapedia fervida (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa); 173–174: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pratinha); 175–176: Paratetrapedia mexicana sp. nov. (Mexico, Jalisco, San Patricio); 177–178: Paratetrapedia romani (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 179–180: Paratetrapedia tocantinensis sp. nov. (Brazil, Goiás, Campos Belos); 181–182: Paratetrapedia flavipennis (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 183–184: Paratetrapedia lineata (Brazil, Pará, Óbidos); scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviation: lbg, lamellate inner lobe of gonapophyses.