Goniagnathini Wagner, 1951

Zahniser, James N. & Dietrich, Chris H., 2013, A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 45, pp. 1-211 : 88-89

Goniagnathini Wagner, 1951

Fig. 26

Type genus: Goniagnathus Fieber, 1866 .

Diagnosis

Goniagnathini are medium sized to large, squat, robust leafhoppers. They can be identified by the broad head, anterior margin of head glabrous, large forewing appendix (in macropterous individuals), subgenital plates fused to each other, valve apparently absent or fused to subgenital plates, style with broad basal part articulated with linear or modified apical part, and connective fused to the aedeagus.

Description

HEAD. Head subequal to or wider than pronotum; crown wide, parallel-margined. Discal portion of crown glabrous with radial or longitudinal striae. Anterior margin of head glabrous or irregularly textured. Frontoclypeus not tumid; texture glabrous, rugose, or shagreen. Clypellus widening apically; apex following or slightly surpassing normal curve of gena. Lorum subequal to or wider than clypellus near base. Antennal bases near middle or posteroventral (lower) corners of eyes. Antennae short, less than 1.5 x width of head. Gena obtusely incised laterally; with fine erect seta beside laterofrontal suture. Antennal ledge weakly developed (carinate or weakly carinate). Ocelli present; close to eyes; on anterior margin of head.

THORAX. Pronotum lateral margin carinate; lateral margin shorter than basal width of eye.

WINGS. Forewing usually macropterous, sometimes brachypterous; if macropterous, appendix large, extending around wing apex; with 3 anteapical cells; veins not raised or raised; veins sometimes pustulate; without reflexed costal veins; A1-A2 crossvein present.

LEGS. Profemur with AM1 seta only; intercalary row with one row of five or more fine setae; row AV with relatively long macrosetae. Protibia dorsal surface rounded, convex. Metafemur apex macrosetae 2+2+1. Metatarsomere I not expanded apically; plantar setae simple, tapered.

MALE GENITALIA. Valve fused to subgenital plates or obscure. Pygofer basolateral membranous cleft present; macrosetae well differentiated into several rows. Subgenital plates fused to each other; with or without macrosetae. Style linear, median anterior lobe not pronounced or broadly bilobed basally, median anterior lobe pronounced; broad basal part articulated with linear or modified apical part, with cleft between the two. Basal processes of the aedeagus/connective absent or reduced. Aedeagus with single shaft and gonopore. Connective anterior arms somewhat divergent, Y - or U -shaped, or closely appressed anteriorly, linear shaped; sometimes highly reduced in size; fused to aedeagus.

FEMALE GENITALIA. Pygofer with numerous macrosetae. Ovipositor not protruding far beyond pygofer apex. First valvula convex; dorsal sculpturing pattern strigate, concatenate, or reticulate; sculpturing reaching dorsal margin; without distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing. Second valvula slender throughout; without dorsal median tooth; teeth on apical 1/3 or more or teeth restricted to apical 1/4 or less; teeth small, regularly or irregularly shaped.

Geography and ecology

Distribution: Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental and Australian. Species are found in arid and grassland regions of the Old World where they feed on herbs and shrubs (e.g., Artemisia , Tamarix ).

Remarks

Goniagnathini contains 4 genera and 60 species. Goniagnathini is an early-diverging lineage and appears to have diverged from the stem group of Deltocephalinae at nearly the same time as Acinopterini, Fieberiellini , and Luheriini . It has a unique configuration of the style, with a broad base articulated to a linear or modified apical part.

Selected references

Linnavuori (1978b), Dash & Viraktamath (2001), Dmitriev (2003), Fletcher & Zahniser (2008), Duan et al. (2009), Viraktamath & Gnaneswaran (2009).

Included genera

Goniagnathus Fieber, 1866

Megalopsius Emeljanov, 1961

Raunothus Dlabola, 1987

Tamaricades Emeljanov, 1962

Figures

Fig. 26. Goniagnathini. A–B, D–K. Goniagnathus emeljanovi sp. nov. C. G. rugulosus (Haupt, 1917). A–I. Standard views (see Material & Methods). G. Connective and style shown with aedeagus fused to connective. H. Aedeagus shown fused to connective, style also shown. I. Caudal view of aedeagus/ connective shown with median arms of styles extending ventrally. J. Ventral view of pygofer. K. ♀ sternite VII.