Phasmatocoris ecuadorensis, Gil-Santana, 2021

Gil-Santana, Hélcio R., 2021, A new species of Phasmatocoris Breddin, 1904 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from Ecuador, with taxonomic notes and an updated key of the genus, Revista Chilena de Entomología (Rev. Chil. Entomol.) 47 (3), pp. 573-589 : 586-588

Key for the species of Phasmatocoris , modified from Wygodzinsky (1966) and Gil-Santana (2015, 2018a):

1. Ventral surface of fore femora with slender, spinelike setae only; anterolateral projections of collar rounded-truncate apically; metanotum with or without spine …..................… 3

- Ventral surface of fore femora with short, spiniferous processes in addition to spinelike setae; anterolateral projections of collar with long and slender, spinelike processes; metanotum spined …...........………………...……………………………........................….. 2

2. Pronotum with a median and a pair of humeral spines posteriorly (always distinct, though in some cases short); posteroventral series of fore femur with six or more large, spiniferous processes ..........................................................… Ph. praecellens ( Bergroth, 1911)

- Hind margin of pronotum lacking spines; posteroventral series of fore femur with at most five large, spiniferous processes ….................... Ph. minor (McAtee & Malloch, 1925)

3. Fore tibia ventrally with two series of denticles ...........................……………..…………... 4

- Fore tibia ventrally with a single series of denticles.….............................……..…....…… 7

4. Size, almost 20 mm; general color testaceous, abdomen ochraceous; hind lobe before posterior margin with one median, and a pair of humeral toothlike processes. Parameres of male strongly widened apically ................………………... Ph. spectrum Breddin, 1904

- Size, less than 15 mm; general color stramineous to ochraceous; hind lobe lacking processes before posterior margin or with a very small, low, excavated protuberance at middle of posterior margin. Parameres of male pointed or rounded apically ……....… 5

5. Portion of anteroventral series of fore femur situated basad of interruption consisting of one isolated seta; posterior margin of hind lobe with a very small, low, excavated protuberance at its middle. Parameres of male blunt-rounded apically .............................. .....................................................................................................… Ph. labyrinthicus Pape, 2013

- Portion of anteroventral series situated basad of interruption consisting of several setae forming an apparent continuation of posteroventral series; posterior margin of hind lobe without protuberances. Parameres of male pointed apically …................................ 6

6. Length, more than 10 mm; pronotum testaceous, fore and hind lobe concolorous; head twice as long as high in lateral view; teeth of under surface of fore tibia hook-shaped; subbasal cell of forewing more than twice as long as basal cell …......................................... .........................................................................................… Ph. patquianus Wygodzinsky, 1966

- Length, much less than 10 mm; fore lobe of pronotum ochraceous, hind lobe castaneous; head one and one-half times as long as high in lateral view; teeth of under surface of fore tibia peg like; subbasal cell of forewing less than twice as long as basal cell ............... ..……………............................................................................ Ph. usingeri Wygodzinsky, 1966

7. Spine-like setae of fore femur extending to, or almost to, base of femur .....................… 8

- Spine-like setae of fore femur not reaching base of femur, separated from base at least by about length of fore tarsus .....................................................................………………… 9

8. Subbasal cell of forewing shorter than basal cell; fore lobe of pronotum more or less horizontal in lateral view …………….................... Ph. testaceus (McAtee & Malloch, 1925)

- Subbasal cell of forewing longer than basal cell; fore lobe of pronotum strongly declivous in lateral view ………..........…………….…….....… Ph. diffinis (McAtee & Malloch, 1925)

9. Total length 22.2-24.0 mm. With conspicuous pale, reddish and darkened markings or portions, including reddish markings on head; lateral portions of thorax and a medial band on hind lobe of pronotum brownish; mid and hind femora and tibiae dark reddish, with femorotibial articulations largely whitish ……........ Ph. catarinae Gil-Santana, 2015

- Total length 11-17.5 mm. Body with less conspicuous markings, or without markings; all or at least the mid-femorotibial articulations with the same color of the leg or apical portion of mid and hind femora darkened.……..…………….............................................. 10

10. General color ferruginous to testaceous; metanotum tuberculate behind but without spine; posterior process of pygophore broad and platelike or spine-like ……............................… 11

- General color piceous, blackish, brownish-black or yellow-orange to testaceous; metanotum with a short spine or small blunt tubercle or elevation; posterior process of pygophore spine-like .......…………………………………...............................................…………………. 13

11. Fore lobe of pronotum very slightly longer than hind lobe; posterior process of pygophore broad and plate-like …........................................................………………………….................. 12

- Fore lobe of pronotum 1.6 to 1.7 times longer than hind lobe; posterior process of pygophore spine-like ……..…..............................................................… Ph. borgmeieri (Wygodzinsky, 1945)

12. Portion of anteroventral series situated basad of interruption consisting of a single isolated seta; posterior process of pygophore not continuous with surface of pygophore, very short and broad, almost semicircular in outline …................... Ph. rapax (McAtee & Malloch, 1925)

- Portion of anteroventral series of fore femur situated basad of interruption consisting of several spiniform setae forming an apparent continuation of posteroventral series; process of pygophore continuous with surface of pygophore, subrectangular in shape ....................... ......................................................................................................... Ph. breddini Wygodzinsky, 1966

13. General color yellow-orange to bright testaceous or testaceous to light brownish; metanotum with small blunt tubercle …………….….......................................................…… 14

- General color piceous, blackish, brownish-black; metanotum with a short but distinct spine or a pointed prominence ................................................................................................… 15

14. General color yellow-orange to bright testaceous; distal half of fore femora, hind femora and tibiae darkened; pygophore with lateral notch at upper margin and posterior process elongated on posterior view; paramere without protuberance on inner surface; last sternite of female with a conspicuous apical median spine …....…………......................................... ........................................................……. Ph. xavieri Gil-Santana, Alves, Barrett & Costa, 2007

- General color testaceous to light brownish; distal third of fore femora, apical portion of hind femora and basal portion of hind tibiae pale, somewhat yellowish; pygophore with upper margin straigh and posterior process short, subtriangular on posterior view; paramere with an apical large rounded protuberance on upper portion of inner surface; last sternite of female slightly acute at median portion of apex ................................................... ............................................................................................................... Ph. galvaoi Gil-Santana, 2015

15. Shape of apical portion of parameres subrectangular or suboval ( Fig. 24 ); posterior process of pygophore regularly narrowed from base to apex in posterior view ( Fig. 21 ) …........... 16

- Shape of apical portion of parameres subtriangular; posterior process of pygophore somewhat constricted beyond base, slightly widened toward middle and again narrowed toward apex ……………………………………………..…………..…...................................... 18

16. Hind lobe of pronotum with an almost imperceptible longitudinal depression. Basal cell of forewing not completely separating subbasal and discal cells, base of the latter narrowly meeting apex of the former. Apical portion of parameres subrectangular, their outer surface somewhat impressed on disc ………...................................... Ph. moraballi Wygodzinsky, 1966

- Hind lobe of pronotum with a wide, distinct longitudinal depression ( Fig. 6 ). Subbasal and discal cells of forewing clearly separated by basal cell ( Figs. 13-14 ). Apical portion of parameres suboval, with a pair of pointed processes at tip of inner surface ( Fig. 24B ); their outer surface not impressed on disc ( Fig. 24A ) ……………………………………............... 17

17. Total length of male: 17.5 mm; angles of collar of fore lobe of pronotum dark reddish ( Fig. 4 ); anterolateral angles of hind lobe of pronotum with a subtriangular dark yellowish spot ( Fig. 3 ); fore femora with a subdistal pale annulus ( Figs. 3 , 9 ); hind femora with subapical narrow yellowish spots, on lateral and dorsal surfaces ( Fig. 12 ); forewings with the basal third of basal cell pale whitish and pale markings adjacent to veins of discal cell ( Fig. 13 ); metanotum with a short, pointed, horizontally directed backwards prominence ( Fig. 7 ); process of pygophore curved in lateral view ( Fig. 23 ) ……................. ...........................................................................................................… Ph. ecuadorensis sp. nov.

- Total length of male: 12.5-13.7 mm; fore and hind lobes of pronotum completely dark blackish, without paler portions of markings; subdistal and subapical portions of fore and hind femora without annulus or spots, respectively; forewings dark brown, without pale markings; metanotum with a short obliquely elevated spine; process of pygophore, generally straight in lateral view ………………..........................… Ph. papei Gil-Santana, 2018

18. Distance from apex of antenniferous tubercles to anterior border of eyes, in lateral view, somewhat less than length of eyes; parameres not indented dorsally before apex ........…...... ............................................................................................................ Ph. sturmi Wygodzinsky, 1966

- Distance from apex of antenniferous tubercles to anterior border of eyes, in lateral view, somewhat greater than length of eyes; parameres indented dorsally before apex ................... .............................................................................................….. Ph. magdalenae Wygodzinsky, 1966

Figures

Figures 24-27. Phasmatocoris ecuadorensis sp. nov., male genitalia, scales bars 0.2 mm.24. Left paramere, A, outer surface, B, inner surface. 25-27. Phallus. 25. Lateral view. 26. Dorsal view. 27. Ventral view; ba, basal arm; bp, basal plate struts; dps, dorsal process of endosoma; bv, basoventralprocess of endosoma; sdw, sclerotization of the dorsal wall of phallosoma; svw, median sclerotization of the ventral wall of phallosoma; svwd, same as the latter but the portion which reaches dorsal apex of phallosoma.

Figures 18-23. Phasmatocoris ecuadorensis sp. nov., male holotype, scale bars 0.5 mm. 18. Abdominal segment VIII and pygophore, ventral view. 19-22. Pygophore, parameres slightly moved apart. 19. Dorsal view 20. Ventral view. 21. Posterior view. 22. Lateral view. 23. Pygophore without parameres, lateral view; br, transverse bridge; pa, parameres; pc, proctiger; py, pygophore; viii, segment abdominal VIII; small seta points to process of pygophore.

Figures 1-6. Phasmatocoris ecuadorensis sp. nov., male holotype. 1. Lateral view, scale bar 5.0 mm. 2-3. Scale bars 2.0 mm. 2. Dorsal view, legs excluded, except hind right femur. 3. Head, thorax, fore legs and base of abdomen, lateral view. 4-6. Scale bars 1.0 mm. 4. Head and basal portion of fore lobe of pronotum, dorsal view. 5. Head and fore lobe of pronotum, lateral view. 6. Distal portion of head and thorax, dorsal view.

Figures 13-17. Phasmatocoris ecuadorensis sp. nov., male holotype. 13-16. Dorsal view. 13-14. Forewing, scale bars 1.0 mm. 14. Median portion; sb, subbasal cell; bc, basal cell; dc, discal cell. 15. Hind wing, scale bar 2.0 mm. 16-17. Distal portion of body, scale bars 1.0 mm. 16. Hemelytra not included, dorsal view. 17, lateral view; pa, paramere; pp, process of pygophore; py, pygophore; ts, tongue-shaped prolongation of abdominal segment VII.

Figures 7-12. Phasmatocoris ecuadorensis sp. nov., male holotype. 7-8. Distal portion of pronotum, meso- and metathorax, wings set apart, schematic outline; sp, pointed prominence at tip of scutellum; pm, pointed prominence of metanotum; sc, scutellum. 7. Median portion, dorsal view, scale bar 0.2 mm. 8. Lateral view, scale bar 0.5 mm. 9-11. Left fore leg, lateral views, scale bars 1.0 mm. 9. Distal portion of coxa, trochanter and femur, excluding apex, inner surface, white arrow points to isolated basal seta of anteroventral series; black arrow points to the additional [broken] setae between the base of the segment and the posteroventral series. 10-11. Apex of femur, tibia and tarsus, setae point to depressed area of tibia with stiff inclined setae. 10. Inner surface. 11. Outer surface. 12. Hind leg, apex of femur and base of tibia, lateral view, scale bar 0.5 mm.