Crossopriza sahtan, Huber, 2022

Huber, Bernhard A., 2022, Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 795 (1), pp. 1-241 : 110-115

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2022.795.1663

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7394D45E-46E1-453C-BF7E-1FE1B2CEBB0A

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6317885

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/51F747A4-2F7D-4873-92BF-0D1939DDE70B

taxon LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:act:51F747A4-2F7D-4873-92BF-0D1939DDE70B

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Crossopriza sahtan
status

sp. nov.

Crossopriza sahtan View in CoL sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:51F747A4-2F7D-4873-92BF-0D1939DDE70B

Figs 352 View Fig , 391–392 View Figs 391–398 , 399–432 View Figs 399–401 View Figs 402–410 View Figs 411–415 View Figs 416–423 View Figs 424–432

Diagnosis

Distinguished from known congeners by details of male palp ( Figs 403, 406 View Figs 402–410 ; procursus with two distal elements of similar shape; distal bulbal sclerite with single prolateral tooth); from the similar C. tiwi sp. nov. also by male chelicerae ( Figs 404–405 View Figs 402–410 ; distal apophyses closer together relative to width of chelicerae; proximal frontal processes more distinct) and by shape of epigynum ( Figs 411–412 View Figs 411–415 ; shorter, anteriorly not evenly curved).

Etymology

The species name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.

Type material

Holotype OMAN – Al Batinah South • ♂; mountain village above Wadi Sahtan ; 3.220° N, 57.316° E; 950 m a.s.l.; 26 Mar. 2017; B.A. Huber leg.; among rocks in wadi; ZFMK Ar 22393. GoogleMaps

Other material examined

OMAN – Al Batinah South • 3 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Ar 22394 GoogleMaps 1 ♀, 3 juvs (in pure ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Om 37. – Ad Dakhiliya GoogleMaps 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 juv. (in pure ethanol); Misfah ( Misfat ); 23.140° N, 57.311° E; 940 m a.s.l.; 24 Mar. 2017; B.A. Huber leg.; among rocks in wadi; ZFMK Om 32 GoogleMaps 2 ♀♀; Wadi Hoota near upper entrance of Al Hoota cave ; 23.102° N, 57.373° E; 1000 m a.s.l.; 16 Feb. 2018; B.A. Huber leg.; ZFMK Ar 22395 GoogleMaps 1 ♂; Al Hamra ; 23.123° N, 57.293° E; 670 m a.s.l.; 24 Mar. 2017; B.A. Huber leg.; cavities in rocks; ZFMK Ar 22396 GoogleMaps 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; wadi N of Al Hamra ; 23.128° N, 57.291° E; 680 m a.s.l.; 24 Mar. 2017; B.A. Huber leg.; cavities in rocks; ZFMK Ar 22397 GoogleMaps 1 ♀ (in pure ethanol); same collection data as for preceding; ZFMK Om 31 GoogleMaps 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (partly used for SEM); between Tanuf and Al Hamra, Al Ghubrat cave , lower entrance; 23.0718° N, 57.3680° E; 665 m a.s.l.; 15 Feb. 2018; B.A. Huber leg.; cave entrance area; ZFMK Ar 22398 GoogleMaps 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (in pure ethanol); same collection data as for preceding; ZFMK Om 103 GoogleMaps 1 ♀, 1 juv.; same locality as for preceding; 18 Nov. 2001; H. Sattmann leg.; NHMW GoogleMaps 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv.; same locality as for preceding; 17 Nov. 2001; H. Sattmann leg.; NHMW GoogleMaps 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Wadi Ghul , ‘site 2’; 23.233° N, 57.150° E; 1430 m a.s.l.; 15 Feb. 2018; B.A. Huber leg.; ZFMK Ar 22399 GoogleMaps 1 ♀ (in pure ethanol); same collection data as for preceding; ZFMK Om 106 GoogleMaps 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Izki, Jarnan Cave ; 22.924° N, 57.764° E; 540 m a.s.l.; 24 Mar. 2017; B.A. Huber leg.; in cave and nearby overhangs; ZFMK Ar 22400 GoogleMaps .

Description

Male (holotype)

MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.5, carapace width 2.0. Distance PME–PME 110 µm; diameter PME 130 × 150 µm; distance PME–ALE 40 µm; diameter AME 100 µm; distance AME–AME 40 µm. Leg 1: 60.6 (17.9 + 0.8 + 15.1 + 23.6 + 3.2), tibia 2: 10.9, tibia 3: 7.6, tibia 4: 8.9; tibia 1 L/d: 66; femora 1–4 diameters: 0.33, 0.27, 0.24, 0.26.

COLOR (in ethanol). Carapace and clypeus ochre-yellow, anteriorly in median pit light brown; sternum dark brown with black radial marks; legs ochre-yellow, without darker rings, with many black lines on femora, few on tibiae, very few on metatarsi; abdomen ochre-gray, with dark marks dorsally, laterally, and posteriorly above spinnerets and with many whitish marks; ventrally with distinct black median band, partly disrupted, with three parallel longitudinal marks behind gonopore.

BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 391 View Figs 391–398 . Ocular area slightly raised. Deep thoracic pit and pair of furrows diverging from pit toward posterior margin. Clypeus unmodified, only rim slightly more sclerotized than in female. Sternum wider than long (1.2/0.9), unmodified. Abdomen slightly elongated, dorso-posteriorly angular. Gonopore with four epiandrous spigots ( Fig. 420 View Figs 416–423 ); ALS with one widened spigot and one pointed spigot, PMS with two pointed spigots ( Fig. 424 View Figs 424–432 ).

CHELICERAE. As in Figs 404–405 View Figs 402–410 , proximally with pair of pale frontal conical protrusions, distally with pair of lateral apophyses provided with one large modified cone-shaped hair each; distance between tips of modified hairs: 345 µm; lateral stridulatory ridges distinct ( Fig. 421 View Figs 416–423 ; distances between ridges proximally ~8 µm, distally ~6.5 µm), clearly visible in dissecting microscope.

PALPS. As in Figs 399–401 View Figs 399–401 ; coxa with rounded retrolateral hump; trochanter barely modified; femur distally strongly widened, with rounded ventral protrusion, proximally with prolateral stridulatory pick, without retrolateral transversal line, without retrolateral proximal process; femur-patella joints shifted toward prolateral side; tibia-tarsus joints slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus without macrotrichia; tarsal organ capsulate ( Fig. 426 View Figs 424–432 ); procursus straight, proximal prolateral hump set with numerous long hairs, long dorsal hairs partly weakly curved upwards, procursus tip ( Figs 402–403 View Figs 402–410 ) with strong ventral sclerite and distinctive dorsal sclerite narrowing distally, with single hair-like process (arrow in Fig. 417 View Figs 416–423 ); genital bulb ( Figs 406–408 View Figs 402–410 , 418–419 View Figs 416–423 ) with simple basal sclerite connected to distal (main) sclerite, sperm duct opening basally on prolateral side (arrow in Fig. 419 View Figs 416–423 ); distal sclerite with sharp retrolateral ridge and single pointed prolateral tooth.

LEGS. Femur 1 with single row of ~40 ventral spines; without curved hairs; few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 3%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1, present on other leg tibiae; tarsi without regular pseudosegments except 2–3 at tip; tarsal organs capsulate, with round or slightly irregular rim ( Figs 428–431 View Figs 424–432 ).

Male (variation)

Tibia 1 in 15 males (incl. holotype): 12.5–16.5 (mean 14.3). Smaller males with fewer spines on femur 1 (~30). Dark marks on abdomen always distinct but in variably ‘complete’ pattern.

Female

In general similar to male ( Fig. 392 View Figs 391–398 ) but without spines on legs; without stridulatory files on chelicerae ( Fig. 422 View Figs 416–423 ), corresponding hair on palpal femur only weakly modified ( Fig. 423 View Figs 416–423 ; slightly stronger than usual); with stridulatory organ consisting of pair of weakly sclerotized but distinct processes posteriorly on carapace and pair of indistinct light brown or non-darkened plates anteriorly on abdomen. Tibia 1 in 18 females: 11.9–15.3 (mean 13.1). Epigynum as in Figs 412 View Figs 411–415 and 432 View Figs 424–432 , main epigynal plate short but wide trapezoidal, weakly protruding; with pair of shallow pockets (rather furrows) ~365 µm apart; internal sclerotized arc and median round structure visible in uncleared specimens; posterior plate short but wide. Internal genitalia ( Figs 409–410 View Figs 402–410 , 413–415 View Figs 411–415 ) with large oval pore plates converging anteriorly, dorsal arc strong but simple, ventral arc with median pouch or pocket of variable size and unknown function.

Natural history

This species was sometimes abundant in cavities in and under rocks, sometimes in very dry environments (e.g., the very shallow Jarnan Cave). In one particularly suitable habitat above Wadi Sahtan (a large rock suspended above a small stream) the density was extremely high: approximately 100 large specimens and many small specimens were estimated on a rock surface of approximately 2 m 2. At Al Ghubrat Cave, the spiders were only found at the cave entrance, while the interior of the cave was occupied by Artema ghubrat Huber, 2019 .

Distribution

Known from several localities in north eastern Oman (Al Batinah South and Ad Dakhiliya Provinces) ( Fig. 352 View Fig ).

ZFMK

Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig

NHMW

Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Arachnida

Order

Araneae

Family

Pholcidae

Genus

Crossopriza

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