Remenus duffieldi Nelson & Kondratieff, 1995

Verdone, Chris J. & Kondratieff, Boris C., 2018, Holomorphology And Systematics Of The Eastern Nearctic Stonefly Genus Remenus Ricker (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Illiesia 14 (5), pp. 81-125 : 108-112

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.4757871
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AAEA5971-4C18-45C2-AA83-5DD3D622315D
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765464
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/671B126B-FFF1-FFCB-FCE6-FBE9A86B9E45
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Remenus duffieldi Nelson & Kondratieff, 1995
status

Treatment

Remenus duffieldi Nelson & Kondratieff, 1995 View in CoL

( Figs. 70–87 View Fig View Fig View Figs View Fig View Figs View Fig View Figs View Fig View Figs )

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Plecoptera .speciesfile.org: TaxonName:607

Remenus duffieldi Nelson & Kondratieff (1995: 600) View in CoL .

Holotype ♂: Georgia, Towns County, Soapstone Creek , Rt. 180, nr. jct. Rt. 180 & Owl Cr. Rd., Chattahoochee National Forest (NMNH). Figures: adult–male terminalia (dorsal, lateral), female subgenital plate, ova (dorsal, ventral).

Remenus duffieldi: Kondratieff (2004: 164) View in CoL . Figures: adult–figures from Kondratieff & Nelson (1995).

Remenus duffieldi: Stark (2017: 236) View in CoL . Figures: larva– cercus (basal, middle).

Material examined: Georgia, Union Co., Rock Creek, Rte 69, 1.5 mi. W Hightower Gap, Chattahoochee National Forest , [N 34.67981, W 84.135914], 29 May 1990, R GoogleMaps . M. Duffield, 2♂ ( CSUIC, paratypes) . White Co., Andrews Creek, Rte 17/75, Andrews Cove Campground , [N 34.77817, W 83.73738], 2 June 1994, C.H. Nelson, 1♂, 1♀ ( CSUIC, paratypes) GoogleMaps . North Carolina, Haywood Co., Yellowstone Prong of East Fork Pigeon River , Graveyard Fields, BLRI , [ N 35.321966, W 82.845768, 17 June 2009, J. Robinson, 1♂ ( CSUIC) GoogleMaps . Macon Co., Nantahala River, [no GPS], 30 May 1939, Thelma Howell, 1L ( INHS); Tellico Creek, Tellico Rd. [no GPS], 27 May 1993, B.P. Stark, R . Simmons, P. Kelly, 1♂ ( CSUIC); Tellico Creek, Tellico Rd. ~ 0.5 mi. W of Sugar Cove Rd., N 35.27688, W 83.54347, 15 May 2017, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 7♂, 7♀ ( CSUIC) GoogleMaps . Swain Co., Collins Creek, Collins Creek Picnic Area , Hwy 441, GRSM , N 35.56752, W 83.33663, 16 May 2017, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 5♂, 2♀, 1L ( CSUIC); Kanati Fork , Hwy 441, GRSM GoogleMaps , N 35.58738, W 83.36297, 16 May 2017, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 2♂ ( CSUIC) GoogleMaps . Transylvania Co., Pigeon Branch South Fork Mills River, NFR 1206, off Rte 276, [N 35.35815, W 82.77810], 8 July 1981, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♂, 2♀ ( CSUIC) GoogleMaps .

Additional records not examined. North Carolina, Haywood Co., Yellowstone Prong of East Fork Pigeon River, N 35.32814, W 82.82897, 26 May 2014, A.L. Sheldon 1♀ ( WKUC); GoogleMaps tributary to Flat Laurel Creek , TR 617, N 35.32303, W 82.89282, 22 July 2015, A.L. Sheldon, 1♂ ( WKUC) GoogleMaps .

Distribution. USA – GA, NC. ( Fig. 69 View Fig )

Male. ( Fig. 70 View Fig ). Macropterous; forewing length 9.5– 10.4 mm (n = 10) ( Fig. 71 View Fig ). Body length, 7.9–9.8 mm (n = 10). General body color pale yellow-gold with light brown markings. Dorsum of head typical of genus ( Fig. 72 View Figs ). Pronotum pale, covered in regularly spaced setae, with light brown rugose areas, glabrous rugosities mediolaterally ( Fig. 72 View Figs ); anterior and posterior margins brown ( Fig. 72 View Figs ). Abdominal terga with a narrow mid-dorsal, dusky, interrupted brown stripe ( Fig. 73 View Figs ); terga 1–4 pale yellow, terga 5–9 pale yellow to light brown; terga darkened laterally ( Fig. 73 View Figs ); tergum 9 lacking sensilla basiconica ( Fig. 74 View Figs ). Hemitergal lobes short, not separated from 10 th tergum, with long trichoid sensilla and 15–17 sensilla basiconica on each lobe ( Figs. 74-77 View Figs View Fig View Figs ). Epiproct length ~ 382–420 μm; width ~ 136–168 μm (n = 3); epiproct flattened dorsoventrally ( Figs. 75 View Figs , 78 View Figs ), clothed in appressed hair-like spinulae, and with a mediodorsal sclerite ( Figs. 74 View Figs , 77–78 View Figs ); epiproct widest basally; hair-like spinulae of distal ¼ splayed ( Fig. 79 View Figs ). Mediodorsal sclerite narrow throughout its length (slightly wider at its base) and barely exceeding the epiproct apex ( Figs. 77–80 View Figs ); sclerite with a dorsal hump near distal ¼ ( Figs. 77–79 View Figs ); apex smoothly rounded and glabrous ( Fig. 80 View Figs ). Paragenital plates short, rounded, or triangular ( Figs. 74 View Figs , 77 View Figs ). Basal cowl covered in dense lightly pigmented spinulae ( Figs. 74–75 View Figs ).

Female. Macropterous; forewing length 10.5–11.1 mm (n = 10). Body length, 8.9–10.4 mm (n = 10). General color and morphology similar to the male. Abdominal pigment pattern usually less developed. Medial dusky stripe is faint and lateral margins are not distinctly darkened. Subgenital plate broadly rounded, elongate, lightly sclerotized, with regularly spaced setae, extending ⅘ over sternum 9, or slightly beyond the posterior margin of sternum 9 ( Fig. 81 View Fig ); basolateral crease nearly straight or convex posteriorly, extending ~ ⅓ length anteriorly into sternum 8 ( Fig. 81 View Fig ).

Ovum. Shape typical of genus ( Figs. 82–84 View Figs ). Length 444–446 μm; width 340–355 μm (n =3).

Larva. ( Fig. 85 View Fig ). Body length 9.1 mm, (n = 1). Head ( Fig. 86 View Figs ), lacinia ( Fig. 87 View Figs ), mandibles ( Fig. 88 View Figs ), and pronotum ( Fig. 86 View Figs ) typical of genus. Mature male larva with a short triangular terminal process (developing epiproct) ( Fig. 89 View Figs ), Basal cercal segments with whorls of short setae ( Fig. 90 View Fig ).

Diagnosis. Remenus duffieldi is distinguished from all other Remenus species in coloration and genitalic structure. The pale pronotum and grayish wings are unlike any other species in the genus. The epiproct is most similar to R. bilobatus in that it has a dorsal sclerite, but in contrast, it does not greatly exceed the epiproct apex. Additionally, R. duffieldi is differentiated in that the epiproct is dorsoventrally flattened, tergum 9 is not divided, lacks sensilla basiconica, and the spinulae covering the basal cowl are pale. Whereas in males of R. bilobatus , the epiproct is flattened laterally, the 9 th tergum has a medial glabrous division, both terga 8 and 9 have mediolateral patches of sensilla basiconica and the basal cowl is clothed in dense golden-brown spinulae.

Females are distinguished by the distinctive pronotal coloration in addition to differences in the subgenital plate. In R. duffieldi , the subgenital plate is broadly rounded and elongate, generally, as long as, or longer than tergum 9. Whereas in R. bilobatus , the subgenital plate is either broadly triangular or broadly rounded and typically does not exceed the posterior margin of tergum 9.

Mature larvae of R. duffieldi are separable from the two other sympatric species, R. bilobatus and R. daniellae by the lack of long setae on the basal cercal segments. Remenus kirchneri also lacks long setae on the basal cercal segments, but based on presently available records, the ranges of these two species do not overlap with R. duffieldi occurring west of the French Broad River and R. kirchneri occurring to the east ( Fig. 115 View Fig ).

Biological notes. No life history or biological studies have been conducted on this species. Remenus duffieldi is known from 11 locations in Blue Ridge Physiographic Province of Georgia and North Carolina. This species has been documented from 1 st –3 rd order streams with drainage areas ranging from 0.28–9.72 km 2. The average elevation of occurrence localities is 987.1 m (SD ± 346.1 m). Based on examined material, emergence occurs from mid-May to late July. Existing records are limited, but this species probably inhabits many other streams within GRSM, Nantahala and Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forests.