Aulacopalpus clypealis Ohaus, 1905

Smith, Andrew B. T., 2002, Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini), The Coleopterists Bulletin 56 (3), pp. 379-437 : 409-414

Aulacopalpus clypealis Ohaus, 1905

( Figs. 1 , 14 , Map 2)

Aulacopalpus clypealis Ohaus 1905:137 . Lectotype male at ZMHB, labeled a ‘‘ Chili Kirsch,’’ b) ‘‘Typus!,’’ c) ‘‘ A. clypealis Ohaus ,’’ d) ‘‘AULA­ COPALPUS CLYPEALIS OHAUS Ƌ LECTOTYPE A.B.T.SMITH 2001.’’ LECTOTYPE HERE DESIGNATED. See statement of taxonomic purpose in Methods and Materials section. The existence and location of other male paralectotypes is unknown (Ohaus had no female specimens).

Description. Male (n = 11): Length 15.5–17.3 mm. Width 9.0– 9.8 mm. Color: dorsally greenish­brown to shiny green, sometimes with purple reflections. Head: Dorsal surface densely punctate, punctures moderately large. Dorsal surface moderately setose; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Frontoclypeal suture weakly bisinuate. Labrum with apex vertically produced with respect to clypeus, moderately produced medially with triangular tooth. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment enlarged, elongate, with sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose, apex bidentate. Antenna 10­ segmented, club slightly shorter than combined basal segments. Pronotum: Midline absent. Surface moderately to densely punctate and moderately setose; punctures moderately­ to moderately large­sized; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Scutellum: Shape parabolic: 1.4 times wider than long medially. Surface moderately punctate, moderately setose; punctures moderately­sized; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowishbrown. Elytron: Surface sparsely setose (setae often worn off); longitudinal striae punctate, weakly impressed; punctures moderately­sized, separated by 2–4 puncture widths. Intervals moderately punctate with moderately­sized punctures. Epipleuron with row of thick setae just ventral to bead. Pygidium: Width 2.0 times length medially. Surface weakly rugose, moderately setose; setae short to long, tawny to yellowish­brown. Venter: Thorax densely setose; setae long, tawny to yellowish­brown. Legs: Protibia with 3 subequally large teeth in apical half. Tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw, apex bifurcate (similar to Fig. 7 ). Tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth (similar to Fig. 6 ). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs slender, acute. Mesotibial apex with 14–16 spinules. Metatibial apex with 22–24 spinules. Parameres: Figure 14 . Basally with broad, medial furrow.

Female: Unknown.

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species in the genus Aulacopalpus by the following combination of characters: antennal club not elongated (length much shorter than head); head and pronotum noticeably setose when viewed without magnification; pronotum and elytron appearing shiny green when viewed without magnification; all tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw and with apex bifurcate (males); and tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth; parameres basally with broad, medial furrow.

Distribution (Map 2). Valparaíso to O’Higgins, Chile.

Locality Data. Based on 11 specimens examined from BMNH, CMNC, FMNH, PVGH, MNNC, ZMHB .

CHILE (8). O’HIGGINS (2): Parque Nacional Los Cipreses . SANTIAGO (3): Cerro El Roble . VALPARAÍSO (1): Cerro El Roble . NO DATA (2).

NO DATA (3).

Temporal Data. October (2), November (3).

410 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56(3), 2002

Tribostethes pilicollis Fairmaire 1883:491 . Lectotype male at MNHN, labeled a) ‘‘ Tribostethes pilicollis Fairm Magellan ,’’ b) ‘‘MUSEUM PARIS Collection Léon Fairmaire 1906,’’ c) ‘‘ TRIBOSTETHES PILICOLLIS FAIRMAIRE Ƌ LECTOTYPE DET: A. B. T. SMITH 2001,’’ d) ‘‘ Aulacopalpus PILICOLLIS (FAIRMAIRE) Ƌ Det :A.B.T.Smith 2001.’’ LEC­ TOTYPE HERE DESIGNATED. See statement of taxonomic purpose in Methods and Materials section. Fairmaire (1883) did not specify how many specimens were in the original type series. The location and existence of other paralectotypes is unknown.

Aegolasia michaelseni Kolbe 1907:112 . Neotype at UNSM, labeled a) ‘‘ CHILE Magallanes XI­1992 L. Peña,’’ b) ‘‘ AEGOLASIA MICHAEL­ SENI KOLBE Ƌ DET: A.B.T.SMITH 2001 NEOTYPE,’’ c) ‘‘ Aulacopalpus PILICOLLIS (FAIRMAIRE) Ƌ Det :A.B.T.Smith 2000.’’ NEO­ TYPE HERE DESIGNATED. See statement of taxonomic purpose in Methods and Materials section. It is necessary to designate a neotype for Aegolasia michaelseni because the original type has been lost. Kolbe (1907) did not specify where the type was deposited but it was likely deposited in the Universität von Hamburg, Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum (ZMUH) in Germany. Unfortunately, much of this collection was destroyed during World War II. I searched for the types at ZMHB (where some Kolbe types are housed) and Rudolf Abraham (curator of entomology at the ZMUH) searched for the types in the Hamburg collection without success. I can only conclude that the types have been lost. The original type was from Punta Arenas in southern Chile. I selected a male neotype from Magellanes (same general area near the Straits of Magellan) that matches the original description by Kolbe (1907). NEW SYNONYMY.

Description. Male (n = 189): Figure 3 . Length 12.9–18.6 mm. Width 7.5–9.8 mm. Color: dorsally yellowish­brown to brown. Head: Dorsal surface densely punctate, moderately setose; punctures moderately large; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Frontoclypeal suture weakly bisinuate. Labrum with apex vertically produced with respect to clypeus, moderately produced at middle with triangular tooth. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment enlarged, elongate, with deep sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose, apex bidentate. Antenna 10­segmented, club slightly shorter that combined basal segments. Pronotum: Midline absent. Surface densely punctate, moderately setose; punctures moderately large; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Scutellum: Surface moderately punctate and moderately setose; punctures moderately­sized; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Shape parabolic: 1.3 times wider than long medially. Elytron: Surface moderately to sparsely setose at base, sparsely setose to glabrous toward lateral edges; setae long to short, slender, tawny (setae sometimes worn off). Longitudinal striae punctate, weakly impressed to not impressed; punctures moderately­sized, separated by 2– 6 puncture widths. Intervals sparsely punctate with moderately­sized punctures. Epipleuron with row of thick setae just ventral to bead. Pygidium: Width 1.8 times length medially. Surface weakly rugose, moderately setose; setae tawny to yellowish­brown. Venter: Thorax densely setose; setae long, tawny to yellowish­brown. Legs: Protibia with 3 subequally large teeth in apical half. Tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw, apex bifurcate (similar to Fig. 7 ). Tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth (similar to Fig. 6 ). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs slender, acute. Mesotibial apex with 14–16 spinules. Metatibial apex with 22–26 spinules. Parameres: Figure 15 . Basally with broad, medial furrow.

Female (n = 17): Length 12.9–17.9 mm. Width 7.5–10.8 mm. As male except in the

THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56(3), 2002 411

following respects. Legs: Tarsal claws with modified claw with ventral tooth, not thickened when compared with other claw; apex not bifurcate (similar to Fig. 8 ). Metatibia

with apical spurs slightly broader, blunter.

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species in the genus Aulacopalpus by the following combination of characters: antennal club not elongated (length much shorter than head); head, pronotum, and elytron yellowish­brown to brown; all male tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw and with apex bifurcate, all female tarsal claws with modified claw with a ventral tooth, not thickened when compared with other claw; and tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth; parameres basally with broad, medial furrow.

Distribution (Map 2). Argentina and Chile from Malleco and Neuquén to Tierra del Fuego. Three specimens were also examined from La Rioja, Argentina.

Locality Data. Based on 206 specimens examined from BMNH, CASC, CMNC, CNCI, FMNH, LACM, MABC, MCZC, MGFT, MLJC, MLPA, MNHN, MNNC, NHMB, PVGH, SEMC, UNSM .

ARGENTINA (141). CHUBUT (20): Comodoro Rivadavia, Lago Fontana, Lepa´, Trevelín, No Data. LA RIOJA (3): El Peñón, Portezuelo de Santa Rosa. NEUQUÉN (52): Collón­Cura´, Confluencia, Copahue, Estancia Llamuco, Huncal, Isla Victoria, Lago Guillelmo, La Negra, La Pintada, Mallín Largo, Parque Nacional Lanín, Pico del Águila, Río Caleufu´, Piedra del Águila, San Martín de Los Andes, Zapala, No Data. RÍO NEGRO (20): Cipolletti, El Bolsón, Lago Nahuel Huapı´, Ñirihuau, Pilcaniyeu, San Carlos de Bariloche, San Ramón, Villa Regina. SANTA CRUZ (42): Güer Aike, Lago Posadas, Las Buitreras, Las Heras, Monte Aymond (20 km E), Piedra Buena, Río La Leona, Río Santa Cruz, No Data. TIERRA DEL FUEGO (4): Puerto Baños, Punta de Arenas, Viamonte.

CHILE (61). AISÉN (2): Coyhaique. MAGALLANES (27): Bahía San Gregorio, Caleta Hops., Cerro Castillo, Isla Magdalena, Lago Sarmiento, Laguna Amarga, Laguna Figueroa, Laguna Los Palos, La Península, La Portada, Monte Aymond, Morro Chico, Pali Aike, Puerto Percy, Tierra del Fuego, No Data. MALLECO (27): Liucura, Lonquimay, Manzanar (9.2 km E), Marimenuco. NO DATA (5).

NO DATA (4).

Temporal Data. January (5), February (6), March (1), April (5), August (1), September (22), October (36) November (74), December (11).

Remarks. Although the parameres ( Fig. 15 ) are distinct in A. pilicollis there is interspecific variability in the form. This can lead to confusion between A. pilicollis and A. aconcaguensis , A. ciliatus , and A. clypealis when only the parameres are used for identification. Fairmaire (1883) described A. pilicollis using specimens from ‘‘the coasts of Patagonia and the Magellan Strait’’ (likely from Punta Arenas, Chile). Kolbe (1907) later described the same species from the same locality naming it Aegolasia michaelseni , but he mistakenly placed it in the subfamily Melolonthinae . It is clear from the original description and type locality that Aegolasia michaelseni is indeed Aulacopalpus pilicollis , and I synonymize the two names. Martínez (1975) was the first to recognize that Aegolasia was not a Melolonthinae during the course of his research on the Neotropical Pachydemini (a tribe of Melolonthinae ). Martínez correctly synonymized the generic name Aegolasia under Aulacopalpus but was probably not familiar enough with the group to synonymize the species name. Aulaco­

412 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56(3), 2002

palpus pilicollis is the most widespread and southernmost species of the genus. The three specimens from La Rioja, Argentina (collected by Antonio Martínez

in January and February 1947, specimens in the CMNC) were a surprise because this is a disjunct locality at least 500 km north of the rest of the population (and the northern­most records of the entire subtribe Brachysternina ). More collecting is necessary to determine if a) this is a relict population perhaps separated during post­Pleistocene warming, b) the populations are connected but little collecting has been done in west­central Argentina during the months of adult activity, or c) the three La Rioja specimens were somehow mislabeled and actually came from further south. Ohaus (1905) made the interesting observation, ‘‘I have received this species ( A. pilicollis ) in large numbers with sheep wool from Punta Arenas, which is shipped to Hamburg. The beetles probably creep into the wool bundles to hide after their period of activity in the evening and entangle their legs in the fibers, from which they cannot easily escape.’’

Aulacopalpus punctatus (Fairmaire and Germain, 1860) ( Figs. 1 , 17 , Map 2)

Tribostethes punctatus Fairmaire and Germain 1860:268 . Neotype male at UNSM labeled a) ‘‘ CHILE Valdivia IV­1992 L. Peña,’’ b) ‘‘TRIBOS­ TETHES PUNCTATUS FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN Ƌ DET: A.B.T.SMITH 2001 NEOTYPE,’’ c) ‘‘ Aulacopalpus PUNCTATUS (FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN) Ƌ Det :A.B.T.Smith 2001.’’ NEOTYPE HERE DESIGNATED. See statement of taxonomic purpose in Methods and Materials section. It is necessary to designate a neotype for A. punctatus because the original type has been lost. Fairmaire and Germain (1860) did not specify where the type was deposited. Fairmaire’s types are now housed at the MNHN and Germain’s types are at the MNNC. I searched for the types at the MNHN and Mario Elgueta (curator of entomology at the MNNC) searched for the types in the MNNC without success. I can only conclude that the types have been lost. The original types were from Valdivia, Chile. I selected a male neotype from the same locality that matches the original description by Fairmaire and Germain (1860). The original description of this species is somewhat vague, but there is only one species from the vicinity of Valdivia that matches it.

Amblyterus variabilis Philippi 1861:742 . Lectotype male at the NMPC, labeled a) ‘‘ Amblyterus variabilis Fr. Phil. Chili,’’ b) ‘‘TYPUS,’’ c) ‘‘AMBLY­ TERUS VARIABILIS F. PHILIPPI Ƌ LECTOTYPE A.B.T.SMITH 2001,’’ d) ‘‘ Aulacopalpus PUNCTATUS (FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN) Ƌ Det :A.B.T.Smith 2001.’’ LECTOTYPE HERE DESIGNATED. See statement of taxonomic purpose in Methods and Materials section. Two male paralectotypes at the NMPC labeled a) ‘‘TYPUS,’’ b) ‘‘COLL. NICKERL MUS. PRAGENSE,’’ c) ‘‘ AMBLYTERUS VARIABILIS F. PHILIPPI Ƌ DET: A.B.T.SMITH 2001 PARALECTOTYPE,’’ d) ‘‘ Aulacopalpus PUNCTATUS (FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN) Ƌ Det : A.B.T.Smith 2001.’’ One female paralectotype at the NMPC labeled a) ‘‘ Amblyterus variabilis Phil. type Chili,’’ b) ‘‘TYPUS,’’ c) ‘‘AMBLY­ TERUS VARIABILIS F. PHILIPPI ♀ DET: A.B.T.SMITH 2001 PA­ RALECTOTYPE,’’ d) ‘‘ Aulacopalpus PUNCTATUS (FAIRMAIRE & GERMAIN) ♀ Det:A.B.T.Smith 2001.’’ Philippi (1861) did not specify

THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56(3), 2002 413

Description. Male (n = 35): Length 13.0– 17.2 mm. Width 6.7–8.8 mm. Color: dorsally reddish­brown to dark brown, pronotum with greenish reflections. Head: Dorsal surface densely punctate with moderately large punctures; moderately setose adjacent to lateral margin; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Frontoclypeal suture weakly bisinuate. Labrum with apex vertically produced with respect to clypeus, moderately produced medially with triangular tooth. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment enlarged, moderately elongate, with sulcus. Mentum with surface moderately setose, apex appearing bidentate. Antenna 10­segmented, club slightly shorter than combined basal segments. Pronotum: Midline weak to absent. Surface moderately to densely punctate with moderately large­sized punctures; sometimes moderately setose near lateral margins; setae long, slender, tawny to yellowish­brown. Scutellum: Surface moderately punctate, punctures moderately­sized. Shape parabolic, 1.5 times wider than long medially. Elytron: Surface glabrous with rugose appearance; longitudinal striae punctate, weakly impressed to not impressed; punctures moderately­sized, separated by 2–6 puncture widths. Intervals rugose. Epipleuron with row of thick setae present just ventral to bead. Pygidium: Width 2.0 times length medially. Surface weakly rugose; moderately setose; setae short to long, tawny to yellowish­brown. Venter: Thorax densely setose; setae long, tawny to yellowish­brown. Legs: Protibia with 3 subequally large teeth in apical half. Tarsal claws with modified claw (similar to Fig. 9 ) slightly thickened when compared with other claw, apex bifurcate. Tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth (similar to Fig. 6 ). Meso­ and metatibia with apical spurs slender, acute. Mesotibial apex with 15–17 spinules. Metatibial apex with 22–26 spinules. Parameres: Figure 17 . Basally without broad, medial furrow.

Female (n = 4): Length 15.9–17.4 mm. Width 8.4–9.7 mm. As male except in the following respects. Head: Antennal club shorter that combined basal segments. Legs: Tarsal claws (similar to Fig. 8 ) with modified claw with ventral tooth, not thickened when compared with other claw, apex not bifurcate. Metatibia with apical spurs slightly broader, blunter.

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species in the genus Aulacopalpus by the following combination of characters: antennal club not elongated (length much shorter than head); pronotum with greenish reflections, conspicuous punctures; elytron usually dark brown with rugose appearance; all male tarsal claws with modified claw slightly thickened when compared with other claw and with apex bifurcate; all female tarsal claws with modified claw with a ventral tooth; tarsomere 5 without ventromedial tooth; parameres basally without broad, medial furrow.

Distribution (Map 2). Valdivia to Llanquihue, Chile.

Locality Data. Based on 39 specimens examined from CMNC, FMNH, MNHN, MNNC, NMPC, PVGH, UNSM, ZMHB .

CHILE (35). LLANQUIHUE (3): Frutillar, No Data. OSORNO (15): Trinquincahin, No Data. VALDIVIA (11): Isla Teja, Llancahue´, Santo Domingo, Valdivia. NO DATA (6).

NO DATA (4).

Temporal Data. April (6), May (9).

Remarks. Although Fairmaire and Germain’s (1860) original description and Fairmaire’s (1883) later comments regarding Tribostethes punctatus are vague, they can only refer to one species. The ‘‘brown­green­bronze’’ color, the green pronotum with large punctures, the rugopunctate elytra, and the fact that the type locality is Valdivia leave no doubt as to the identity of A. punctatus . The character states of the lectotype of Amblyterus variabilis fall within the parameters of A. punctatus . I therefore synonymized the name Amblyterus

414 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 56(3), 2002

(

Figures

Fig. 1. The Brachysternina. First row: Aulacopalpus aconcaguensis (male paratype), A. aconcaguensis (male paratype), A. castaneus (male), A. castaneus (male), A. castaneus (male), A. punctatus (male). Second row: A. ciliatus (male), A. clypealis (male),

Figs. 12–20. Parameres in caudal view. 12) Aulacopalpus aconcaguensis; 13) Aulacopalpus ciliatus; 14) Aulacopalpus clypealis; 15) Aulacopalpus pilicollis; 16) Aulacopalpus castaneus; 17) Aulacopalpus punctatus; 18) Aulacopalpus viridis; 19) Aulacopalpus pygidialis, 20) Aulacopalpus valdiviensis.

Figs. 6–11. 6) Protarsomere 5 and claw of male Aulacopalpus pilicollis, 7) Protarsomere 5 and claw of male Aulacopalpus pygidialis. 8) Protarsomere 5 and claw of female Aulacopalpus ciliatus. 9) Dorsal view of modified proclaw of male Aulacopalpus ciliatus. 10) Dorsal view of modified proclaw of male Aulacopalpus castaneus. 11) Lateral view of Aulacopalpus valdiviensis parameres and phallobase.

Fig. 3. Aulacopalpus pilicollis male.