Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856

Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Absalão, Ricardo Silva & Miyaji, Cintia, 2009, A taxonomic review of the genera Boonea, Chrysallida, Parthenina, Ivara, Fargoa, Mumiola, Odostomella and Trabecula (Gastropoda, Pyramidellidae, Odostomiinae) from Brazil, Zootaxa 2049, pp. 39-66 : 49-50

Genus Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856

Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856: 170 . Type species by original designation: Chemnitzia communis C. B. Adams. Recent , Mexico.

Remarks: The genus Chrysallida from Europe and west Africa was taken in the broad sense by Aartsen (1977) and Linden and Eikenboom (1992), who included some species with strong axial ribs crossed by prominent spiral cords, and some species without. The concept of Chrysallida was restricted by Schander (1994) based on protoconch shape and external anatomy, and he reintroduced the genus Odostomella for those species with strong axial ribs but no spiral sculpture. Schander's (1994) opinion was followed by Peñas et al. (1996); see discussion of Odostomella below.

Schander (1994), Peñas et al. (1996) and Peñas and Rolán (1998), although excluding the species regarded as Odostomella , kept using Chrysallida in a somewhat wide sense, including shells with strong axial and spiral cords forming a clathrate sculpture, as well as shells with strong, sinuous axial ribs crossed by weaker spiral cords, in most cases restricted to anterior region of the whorls; compare, for instance Chrysallida canariensis Nordsieck & García-Talavera in Peñas and Rolán (1998: figs. 14–21) with Chrysallida (Parthenina) multicostata (Jeffreys) in Aartsen et al. (2000: 29, fig. 34)

Peñas and Rolán (1998) discussed such approaches of considering Chrysallida in strict or broad sense, choosing for the broad one. The same option was taken by Aartsen et al. (2000), who, on the other hand, used several subgenera.

In the strict sense, Chrysallida is defined, after its type species, Chrysallida communis , illustrated in Dall and Bartsch (1909) with the new name Chrysallida torrita Dall & Bartsch, 1909 , as shells with axial and spiral sculpture of equal strength, forming small nodules. Schander et al. (2003) use the genus Parthenina for European species usually included in Chrysallida ; in fact, Aartsen et al. (2000) used this name as subgenus, but they stated that “the status of that nominal taxon is impossible to decide at present”. Similarly, Peñas and Rolán (1998) stated that they used the broad sense of Chrysallida , avoiding subgenera, while phylogenetic studies could define the taxa at genus level. Finally, Schander et al. (2003), based on the results of a phylogenetic analysis, considered Parthenina as a full genus, including P. interstincta (J. Adams) , P. sarsii (Nordsieck) and P. afectuosa (Nordsieck) (see discussion below, under Parthenina ). Herein, we adopt the strict concept of Chrysallida , following the opinion of Schander et al. (1999a) who argued in favor of a more detailed Pyramidellidae classification, rather than a minimal division, since it should include some monophyletic groups. In fact, most of phylogenetic analysis indicates that some taxa, elsewhere used as subgenus of Chrysallida , deserve generic status (e.g. Wise 1996, for Boonea, Schander et al. 1999 b, for Odostomella, Schander et al. 2003 , for Parthenina ).

In Brazil, there are three species listed in this genus ( Rios 1994): C. gemmulosa C. B. Adams, 1850 , C. jadisi and C. toroensis ( Olsson & McGinty, 1958) . This last species is synonimized with Mumiola gradatula ( Mörch, 1876) , following Faber (2005); see discussion below. Following Wise (2001), we adopt the combination Boonea jadisi (as discussed above).