Hyalinobatrachium carlesvilai Castroviejo-Fisher, Padial, Chaparro, Aguayo

Twomey, Evan, Delia, Jesse & Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago, 2014, A review of Northern Peruvian glassfrogs (Centrolenidae), with the description of four new remarkable species, Zootaxa 3851 (1), pp. 1-87 : 44

Hyalinobatrachium carlesvilai Castroviejo-Fisher, Padial, Chaparro, Aguayo , and De la Riva 2009

Figure 23

Background information. Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2009) described this species from the Amazon slopes of the Andes of Bolivia and Peru, with the northernmost locality in the west slope of Abra Tangarana , 7 km (by road) northeast of San Juan de Pacaysapa (06° 12′ S, 76° 44′ W, 1080 m), Provincia Lamas, Region San Martín, Peru. This latter locality was based on a re-examination of the type series of H. lemur Duellman and Schulte, 1993 , in which the only paratype (KU 211769) was assigned to H. carlesvilai (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2009) .

New data. We report five new localities for Hyalinobatrachium carlesvilai from northern Peru. Specimen MHNC 13958 (adult male) was collected on 28 March 2010 by M. Guerra Panaijo and Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher at Puente Chino on the Tocache-Pucallpa road, approximately 29 km NE from Tingo Maria (9°8'9.03"S, 75°47'15.78"W, 1147 m), Ucayali, Peru. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this species for Ucayali. The frog was calling on the underside of a tree leaf overhanging a stream, at ~ 2 m above the water level and shows all the phenotypic characteristics described by Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2009) for H. carlesvilai , except for pericardium color. All specimens of H. carlesvilai examined in the original description (19 individuals from 12 different localities of Peru and Bolivia) have a completely white pericardium due to the accumulation of iridophores. However, the specimen from Ucayali has a mostly transparent pericardium, with only a small and peripheral portion of the pericardium showing iridophores ( Fig. 23 ). Nonetheless, we confirm its identification through phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences ( Fig. 2a ). Pericardium transparency is known to be an intraspecific polymorphic character in other species of Hyalinobatrachium (e.g., Guayasamin et al. 2006; Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid 2007; Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011; our Fig. 23 ). As suggested by previous authors, intraspecific variation should be examined to better determine if this character is diagnostic. In addition to the above locality, four additional localities are added: One adult male (voucher MNCN 45954) was collected from Puente Lahuarpia, 7 km NW from Pacayzapa, San Martín, Peru (6°13'35.56"S, 76°48'58.03"W, 787 m), on 8 February 2010 by ET, M. Pepper, and M. Sanchez-Rodriguez. Three individuals (CORBIDI-HE-2010-8950, CORBIDI-HE-2010-8954, and CORBIDI-HE-2010-8959) were collected from 3 km E Pacayzapa (6°16'33.78"S, 76°44'47.22"W, 1021 m) on 28 July 2010 by ET, T. Kosch, and A. Delgado. One individual (CORBIDI 10474) was collected from 4.5 km E Pacayzapa (6°16'52.87"S, 76°43'57.86"W, 1111 m) on 6 June 2011 by JD and ET. This site corresponds to the type locality for H. lemur Duellman and Schulte (1993) (which is now in synonymy with H. pellucidum ; see Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2009). One individual (voucher ET-12-006) was collected from the upper Río Shunte drainage, San Martín, Peru (8°20'45.24"S, 76°43'29.10"W, 966 m) on 12 March 2012 by JD and ET. These specimens fully concord with the original description, and identification of five of these specimens (from two localities; see Fig. 2a and Appendix 3) was also confirmed through the phylogenetic analysis. These records from San Martín are important because they confirm the presence of the species in the area, which was previously based on a single, 16 year old specimen (the paratype of H. lemur , re-identified by Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2009).

Figures

FIGURE 23. Variation in the distribution iridophores on the pericardium in Hyalinobatrachium. a) H. carlesvilai from Puente Chino, Ucayali, Peru (voucher MHNC 13958). This individual was sequenced and is included in our phylogenetic analysis. b) A recently collected topotypic specimen of H. esmeralda, Boyaca Colombia (courtesy of M. A. Rada); note pigmentation on the dorsal surface of the pericardium. In the original description of H. esmeralda, the pericardium was described as transparent (Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch 1998, pg. 580). However, in figure 4 C of the same paper, a female is shown with a white pericardium. In addition, partial pigmentation of the pericardium has been observed in a paratype (M. A. Rada pers comm.). c) Three males of H. fleischmanni from a stream near San Gabriel Mixtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Adults exhibited variation in the condition of the pericardium within this population. Considering the variation observed in these three species, this character state appears to be variable in several species.

FIGURE 2 a. Phylogeny of Centrolenidae, Allophrynidae, and outgroups. Strict consensus tree of 52 most parsimonious trees (cost = 16898 steps). Values above and below branches indicate jackknife and Goodman-Bremer support, respectively. a) outgroups, Allophrynidae, Celsiella, and Hyalinobatrachium; b) Nymphargus and Centrolene; c) Vitreorana, Teratohyla, Chimerella, Espadarana, Cochranella, Sachatamia, and Rulyrana.