Graphis tenella Acharius (1814: 81)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Graphis tenella Acharius (1814: 81) .

Type:—AFRICA. Guinea: ad corticem (H-Ach. 585!, holotype).

Thallus corticolous, pale fawn or greenish gray, smooth or slightly roughened, corticate, dull or glossy. Lirellae erumpent, with a basal to lateral thalline margin, short to elongate, up to 4 mm long, straight, curved or sinuous, irregularly branched, labia convergent, striate, black, disc concealed, not visible from above, ( tenella -morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, transversely 5–9-septate, 17–28 × 5–7 μm.

Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Pantropical, reported from U.S.A., Florida ( Seavey et al. 2017) , Jamaica ( Lücking et al. 2009 as Phaeographis sulcata Müll. Arg. ), Netherlands Antilles (Aptroot & & Sparrius 2008–present), Africa (type locality), India ( Nagarkar & Patwardhan 1982, as Graphis subglauconigra Nagarkar & Patw. ), Papua New Guinea ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present), China, Sri Lanka ( Wolseley et al. 2002), the Philippines ( Pitakpong et al. 2015), and for the first time from Thailand from Vainio (1921). The reference to this species in Buaruang et al. 2017, citing Pitakpong et al. (2015), (Rivas Plata 1007G), is not from Thailand, but from the Philippines. In Thailand we have collected G. tenella from freestanding deciduos trees, a secondary forest, and in a teak plantation between 10 and 250 m.

Remarks:—Very similar are G. endoxantha Nyl. and G. chlorotica A. Massal , but both differ in having an apically to peripherally carbonized exciple.

Material from Thailand examined:— Kanchanaburi province: Sai Yok district, along the trail from Hellfire Pass Memorial Museum to Konyu Cutting , on a freestanding deciduous tree, 250 m, 14°21’12’’ N, 98°57’18’’ E, 15 December 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan & K. Kalb s.n. (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41343)— Chumphon province: Pathio district , tambon Chum Kho, in the area of King Monkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang , Prince of Chumphon campus, in the forest reserve, in a secondary forest, 10 m, 10°26’23’’ N, 99°13’03’’ E, 8 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2260, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42470)— Phuket province: Thalang district , in the area of Kho Rang, on bark of an unidentified tree, in a secondary forest, 130 m, 07°53’37’’N, 98°22’49’’ E, 22 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4056 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42442); dito, in the area of Kho Tosae, in a teak plantation ( Tectona grandis ), 170 m, 07°53’58’’ N, 98°23’57’’ E, 24 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4107, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42468) .

* Graphis tenuirima (Shirley, in: Bailey 1892: 34) A. W. Archer (2005: 74). Type:— AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Gladfield near Warwick , C. J . Gwyther ( BRI!, holotype) .

Fig. 8E .

Thallus corticolous, whitish gray, off-white or gray, continuous, smooth to uneven, corticate, dull. Lirellae erumpent, with lateral thalline margin, short to elongate, up to 3 mm long, straight, curved or sinuous, simple or rarely rirregularly branched, labia partly divergent, entire, black, glossy, not pruinose, disc partly open, brownish or whitish pruinose (scripta- morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, submuriform, with 5–7 transverse septa and 0–2 longitudinal septa, 22–25 × 7–8 μm; 19–28 × 7–9 μm (Archer 2009).

Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (anal. K. Kalb).

Distribution and habitat:—Eastern palaeotropics, reported from Papua New Guinea ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 – present), Australia (type locality), the Cook Islands (Archer 2009) and here reported from Thailand for the first time. It was collected in a dry dipterocarp forest and a bamboo scrub from 225 to 420 m elevation.

Remarks:— Graphis tenuirima is very similar to some forms of Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. and differs only in having submuriform ascospores.

Material from Thailand examined:— Chiang Mai province: Mueang district, tambon Su Thep, surroundings of Huay Keaw Waterfall , ca. 6 km E of Chiang Mai, in a light, dry dipterocarp forest, 420 m, 18°48’41’’ N, 98°56’39’’ E. 14 December 2016, J. & K. Kalb s.n. (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41793)— Ratchaburi province: Suan Phueng district , tambon Suan Phueng, trail to Khao Jone Waterfall, bamboo scrub along a creek, 225 m, 13°31’31’’ N, 99°14’24’’ E, 11 December 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan & K. Kalb s.n. (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41457) .

* Graphis urandrae Vainio (1921: 255) . Fig. 8F . Type :— PHILIPPINES. Luzon : subprovince Sorgoson , Irosin, Elmer 14623, (TUR-Vainio 27876!, lectotype, designated by Lücking et al.

2009: 396).

Thallus corticolous, grey or whitish gray, smooth or somewhat roughened, corticate, dull. Lirellae prominent, with a basal (to lateral) thalline margin, short to elongate, up to 4 mm long, slender, straight, curved or sinuous, simple, rarely trifurcately branched, labia convergent, entire, black, disc concealed, not visible from above, ( hossei -morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, transversely (5–) 7-septate, 17–21 × 6–7 μm.

Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Probably pantropical, not yet reported from Africa. Reported from Bolivia ( Kukwa et al. 2013), Guatemala ( Lücking et al. 2009), India, the Philippines (type locality) and here for the first time from Thailand where it is growing on a freestanding Ta-khian tree ( Hopea odorata ) at 4 m elevation.

Remarks:—The species is well characterized in having slender hossei -morph lirella, a laterally carbonized exciple, a clear hymenium and relatively small, transseptate ascospores.

Material from Thailand examined:— Trang province: Hat Samran district, tambon Hat Samran, on a freestanding Ta-khian tree ( Hopea odorata ) along the road from Yan Ta Khao to Thung Yao district , 4 m, 07°12’28’’ N, 99°36’00’’ E, 26 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2843 & R. Nokkhao (hb. K. Kalb 42465) .

Figures

FIGURE 8. A. Graphis sublitoralis (scale = 0.5 mm); B. Graphis submarginata (scale = 0.4 mm); C. Graphis subschroederi (scale = 0.4); D. Graphis sundarbanensis (scale = 0.4); E. Graphis tenuirima (scale = 0.4 mm); F. Graphis urandrae (scale = 0.5 mm).