Graphis copelandii Vainio (1921: 207)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

* Graphis copelandii Vainio (1921: 207) .

Type:— PHILIPPINES. Luzon: Bataan, prope flumen Samao , Copeland 196 (TUR-Vain. 27257!, holotype)

Fig. 4B .

Thallus corticolous, off-white, whitish gray to gray, continuous, smooth, slightly glossy. Lirellae immersed to erumpent with lateral thalline margin, elongate, curved and sinuous, irregularly branched, labia convergent, rarely slightly divergent, entire, black, not pruinose, disc usually not, or only rarely visible from above, blackish to brownish, not pruinose ( deserpens -morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 1–2/ascus, hyaline, densely muriform, 12–17 × 1–4-septate, 65–75 × 25–27 μm, 40–70 μm long (holotype, Lücking et al. 2009), 40–65 × 19–22 μm (holotype, protologue).

Chemistry: norstictic acid (major) (anal. K. Kalb).

Distribution and habitat:—So far only known from its holotype in the Philippines and from Papua New Guinea ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present), this species is a new addition to the Thai lichen biota.

Remarks:—This is a very rare lichen in Thailand (only one collection is known). It is characterized by its immersed to erumpent, irregularly branched lirellae, a laterally carbonized exciple and medium-sized, muriform ascospores.

Material from Thailand examined:— Kanchanaburi province, Sangkhlaburi district, parking area of Wat Wang Wiwegkaram (Wat Mon), in a light deciduous forest on bark of an unidentified tree, 210 m, 15°07’55’’ N, 98°26’48’’ E, 17 December, J. Sutjaritturkan & K. Kalb (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41387)— Chumphon province: Tha Sae district, in the area of tambon Tha Sae, in a betel palm plantation ( Areca catechu ), 20 m, 10°31’25’’ N, 99°02’04’’ E, 7 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 664 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42242); Lang Suan district, tambon Tha Maphla, in the area of Ban Tasatan Moo 2, in a betel palm plantation ( Areca catechu ), 20 m, 09°56’27 N, 99°02’16’’ E, 16 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2561, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42253).

* Graphis crebra Vainio (1899: 256) . Fig. 4C . Type :— GUADELOUPE. Ad corticem Spondiae (Monbin) prope Gourbeyre, 390 m, P. Duss 541 (TUR-Vain. 27617!, holotype).

Thallus corticolous, off-white, whitish gray to gray, continuous, smooth, dull or slightly glossy. Lirellae immersed to erumpent with lateral thalline margin, short to elongate, curved and sinuous, unbranched or sparsely branched, labia first convergent, becoming divergent with age, entire, black, not pruinose, disc usually visible from above, blackish to brownish, whitish pruinose ( scripta -morph). Exciple laterally, rarely almost completely carbonized; hymenium inspersed, type A; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, transversely septate, 5–9-septate, 20–32 × 6–7 μm, 5-septate, 20 × 5 μm (protologue), 5–9-septate, 20–30 × 5–8 μm (holotype, Lücking 2009).

Chemistry: norstictic acid (major), subnorstictic acid (minor), connorstictic acid (minor), ± peristictic acid (submajor to trace) (anal. K. Kalb & J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Pantropical, reported from South America, the West Indies, Hawaii Islands, Madagascar ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present), South and East Asia, including Australia, Vanatu, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island (Archer 2009), and here reported from Thailand for the first time where it is growing on bark of cultivated Plumeria , Tabebuia rosea and Phyllanthus acidus trees, roadside trees in open situations and secondary forests at low elevation between 6 and 250 m.

Remarks:—This is a rather common lichen in the southern provinces of Thailand. It is characterized by its immersed to erumpent, mostly unbranched lirellae, a laterally carbonized exciple, an inspersed hymenium and an open, whitish pruinose disc.

Material from Thailand examined:— Ratchaburi province: Suan Phueng district, tambon Suan Phueng, trail to Khao Jone Waterfall, bamboo scrub with scattered deciduous trees along a creek, 200–250 m, 13°31’31’’ N, 99°14’24’’ E, 11 December 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan & K. Kalb (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41302)— Phetchaburi province: Kaeng Krachan district, along the road to Kaeng Krachan National Park, on bark of a roadside tree, 145 m, 12°49’54’’ N, 99°38’01’’ E, 8 December 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan & K. Kalb (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41257, 41274, 41260, 41322)— Chumphon province: Pathio district, tambon Chum Kho, 500 m from trisection to Bangson Bay, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 20 m, 10°26’31’’ N, 99°13’56’’ E, 11 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2293 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42287); dito, in the area of King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, in a gooseberry tree plantation ( Phyllanthus acidus ), 30 m, 10°45’12’’ N, 99°20’47’’ E, 22 December 2007, J. Sutjaritturakan 121 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42422)—Phang-Nga province: Takua Pa district, tambon Bang Muang, ca. 25 km N of Khao Lak, Park of Ban Nam Khem Tsunami Memorial Center, on plumeria sp., 6 m, 8°51’33’’ N, 98°15’55’’ E, 9 June 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan & K. Kalb (hb. K. Kalb 41509)— Phuket province: Thalang district, in the area of Sinsuk Thani village, in a Singapore graveyard flower plantation ( Plumeria obtusa ), 25 m, 07°59’32’’ N, 98°20’54’’ E, 25 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4195 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42410, 42411)— Songkhla province: Rattaphum district, tambon Kamphaeng Phet, in the area of Khao Tok Nam temple, in a rosy trumpet tree plantation ( Tabebuia rosea ), 40 m, 07°09’21’’ N, 100°15’31’’ E, 26 May 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4418, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42294).

* Graphis cycasicola A. W. Archer & Elix (2007: 19) . Fig. 4D . Type:— AUSTRALIA. Northern Territory: Berry Springs Nature Park, 47 km S of Darwin , on bark of Cycas armstrongii , 35 m, 12°42’06”S,

130°59’57”E, 4 August 2005, J. A . Elix 37306, ( CANB, holotype) .

Thallus corticolous, pale olive-green to pale fawn, smooth, dull. Lirellae erumpent, with a thick complete thalline margin, elongate, straight, curved or sinuose, usually unbranched or irregularly branched, up to 5 mm long, labia convergent, entire, disc not visible from above ( subserpentina -morph). Exciple completely carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 1/ascus, hyaline, richly muriform, 90–120 × 20–25 μm,110–125 × 25–32 μm (protologue).

Chemistry: norstictic acid (major), subnorstictic acid (trace), connorstictic acid (trace) (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Eastern Palaeotropics ( Australia, Thailand).

Remarks:— Graphis cycasicola is a rare corticolous species so far known only from the type specimen, but here reported from Thailand for the first time. It is characterized by the erumpent lirellae, the completely carbonized exciple, the muriform ascospores, and the present of norstictic acid and satellites. It resembles G. subserpentina Nyl. both chemically and morphologically, but differs in having a completely carbonized exciple.

Material from Thailand examined:— Trang province: Sikao district, surroundings of Angtong Waterfall , on bark of an unidentified tree, 45 m, 7°33’10’’ N, 99°24’45’’ E, 29 May 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4698 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42246) .

Figures

FIGURE 4.A. Graphis conferta (scale = 0.2 mm); B. Graphis copelandii (scale = 1 mm); C. Graphis crebra (scale = 0.3 mm); D. Graphis cycasicola (scale = 0.5 mm); E. Graphis deserpens (scale = 0.5 mm); F. Graphis geraensis (scale = 0.4 mm); G. Graphis duplicata (scale = 0.4 mm); H. Graphis emersella (scale = 0.3 mm).