Graphis dendrogramma Nyl.

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Graphis dendrogramma Nyl. , in: Crombie (1877: 226).

Type :— PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Admiralty Islands, Moseley 1875 (H-Nyl. 7165!, holotype) .

Thallus corticolous, very seldom also foliicolous ( Papong et al. 2007 as G. cf. ceylanica ) off-white to whitish gray or lead-gray, continuous, smooth or wrinkled, glossy. Lirellae erumpent to prominent with lateral thalline margin, elongate, irregularly or radiately branched, labia convergent, entire, black, whitish pruinose, disc concealed ( caesiella - or dendrogramma -morph). Exciple laterally, rarely almost completely carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ ascus, hyaline, transversely 7–9-septate, 24–31 × 7–8 μm, 20–30 × 6–7 μm (holotype!).

Chemistry: stictic acid (major), constictic acid (major to minor), cryptostictic acid (submajor to trace), ± hypostictic acid (minor), ± hypoconstictic acid (minor) (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Pantropical ( Lücking et al. 2009), reported from Florida ( Seavey et al. 2017) , Papua New Guinea (type locality), Sri Lanka, Philippines, Solomon Islands ( Lücking et al. 2009), Admirality Islands ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present), and Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima province ( Papong et al. 2007). It is usually growing on bark of various trees (e. g. Hopea odorata ) in open situations from 1 to 25 m.

Remarks:—This species is very similar to G. sundarbanensis which differs in having lirellae with exposed discs.

Material from Thailand examined:— Prachuap Khiri Khan province: Bang Saphan district, Tang Sai temple near the steps to the pagoda, on bark of an unidentified tree, 25 m, 11°12’45’’ N, 99°34’44’’ E, 4 October 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1712, 1719, 1720 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42301, 42306, 42299), Chumphon province: Pathio district , tambon Chum Kho, in the area of King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang , Prince of Chumphon Campus, in a Ta-khian tree plantation ( Hopea odorata ), 10 m, 10°45’06’’ N, 99°20’52’’ E, 3 July 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1179 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42279); dito, in the area of Khai Island , on bark of an unidentified tree, 1 m, 10°43’10’’ N, 99°23’22’’ E, 3 July 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 3774 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42471) .

* Graphis deserpens Vainio (1921: 202) . Fig. 4E . Type:— PHILIPPINES. Luzon: Benguet, Pauai , 2100 m, ad corticem arboris, June 1909, McGregor 8544 (TUR-Vain. 27234!, holotype).

Thallus corticolous, whitish gray, continuous, smooth, slightly glossy. Lirellae erumpent with lateral thalline margin, elongate, curved and sinuous, unbranched or rarely irregularly branched, labia convergent, rarely very slightly divergent, entire or rarely slightly striate, black, not pruinose, disc usually not visible from above ( deserpens -morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, muriform, 8–10 × 1–2-septate, 33–40 × 10–12 μm, 20–35 × 8–12 μm, (holotype, Lücking et al. 2009), 24–35 × 10–14 μm ( K. P. Singh, annotation slip on holotype), 21–31 × 13 μm (Nakanishi, annotation slip on holotype).

Chemistry: stictic acid (major), constictic acid (major), hypostictic acid (submajor to minor), hypoconstictic acid (submajor to minor) (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—So far only known from its holotype in the Philippines, this species is a new addition to the Thai lichen biota.

Remarks:—This is the first finding of this rare species after its description. The spores of our collections are slightly longer than of the holotype, but they are well within the variation.

Material from Thailand examined:— Prachuap Khiri Khan province, Thap Sakae district, tambon Huai Yang, near Kho yo market, in a secondary forest on bark of an unidentified tree, 3 m, 5 October 2008, J. Sutjaritturkan 1737, 1739, 1759 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42258, 42259, 42243) .

* Graphis duplicata Acharius (1814: 81) . Fig. 4G . Type:—AMERICA MERIDIONALIS [South America], ad corticem Cinchonarum (H-Ach. 586!, lectotype, designated by Staiger 2001:

229).

Thallus corticolous, off-white to whitish gray, continuous, smooth, dull or rarely slightly glossy. Lirellae erumpent to prominent lacking a thalline margin or with basal thalline margin, elongate, straight or curved, unbranched, rarely trifurcate, labia convergent, striate, black, not pruinose, disc concealed ( striatula -morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, often claviform, hyaline, transversely 7–15-septate, 25–45 × 6–8 μm.

Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (anal. K. Kalb).

Distribution and habitat:—pantropical ( Lücking et al. 2009), including reports from South America (type locality): Venezuela (hb. K. Kalb 29426), Brazil (hb. K. Kalb 31379), Hawaii Islands ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 – present), Java, China and here reported from Thailand for the first time. The ecology is well in accordance with many other Graphis species, i. e. corticolous in ± open situations.

Remarks:—This species is well charcterized by prominent lirellae with striate labia and without or only basal thalline margin, a clear hymenium, medium-sized transversely septate ascospores and lacking secondary lichen products.

Material from Thailand examined:— Chiang Rai province: Tueang district, tambon Tabtao, Phu Chi Fa Forest Park , on ± freestanding deciduous trees, 1550 m, 19°51’52’’ N. 100°26’52’’ E, 10 December 2016, J. Kalb & K. Kalb (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41839, 41850) .

Figures

FIGURE 4.A. Graphis conferta (scale = 0.2 mm); B. Graphis copelandii (scale = 1 mm); C. Graphis crebra (scale = 0.3 mm); D. Graphis cycasicola (scale = 0.5 mm); E. Graphis deserpens (scale = 0.5 mm); F. Graphis geraensis (scale = 0.4 mm); G. Graphis duplicata (scale = 0.4 mm); H. Graphis emersella (scale = 0.3 mm).