Graphis litoralis Lücking, Sipman & Chaves

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

* Graphis litoralis Lücking, Sipman & Chaves in: Lücking et al. (2008: 88). Fig. 6C .

Type:— COSTA RICA. Limón: Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge, Manzanillo Section ( La Amistad Caribe Conservation Area ), Manzanillo , 82°53’ W, 9°38’ N, sea level, lowland coastal moist forest zone, disturbed coastal vegetation with Cocos nucifera, Coccoloba uvifera, on bark (lower stem), 11 March 2004, Lücking 17098b ( CR!, holotype; F!, isotype) .

Thallus corticolous, pale greenish, olive to bluish gray, continuous, smooth to uneven due to numerous clusters of crystals, corticate and glossy, but cortex often abraded, then dull and whitish gray. Lirellae erumpent, with lateral thalline margin, elongate, curved or sinuous, irregularly branched, labia convergent or slightly divergent, entire, but usually whitish pruinose, disc concealed or slightly open (caesiella- morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, transversely (5–) 7–10-septate, (20–) 25–35 × 6–8 μm, 30–35 × 6–8 μm ( Lücking et al. 2008, protologue).

Chemistry: salazinic acid (major), protocetraric acid (minor), norstictic acid (major to trace).

Distribution and habitat:—This species was recently described from Costa Rica and is now reported from the Palaeotropics for the first time. In Thailand, it is growing in plantations and secondary forests from 20 up to 190 m above sea level.

Remarks:— Graphis litoralis is very well distinguished in having caesiella -morph lirellae and the combination of the three depsidones salazinic, protocetraric and norstictic acids.

Material from Thailand examined:— Prachuap Khiri Khan province: Bang Saphan Noi district, in the area of Kho po bus station, in a black afra plantation ( Terminalia ivoriensis ), 45 m, 11°04’19’’ N, 99°22’24’’ E, 21 May 2011, J. Sutjaritturakan 3863 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42429)— Chumphon province: Tha Sae district, in the area of tambon Nakatarm, in a red-cedar plantation ( Acrocarpus fraxinifolius ), 20 m, 10°35’57’’ N, 99°09’44’’ E, 7 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 0830 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42426); dito, in the area of Tha Sae, in a lemon bottlebrush plantation ( Melaleuca citrina ), 20 m, 10°31’25’’ N, 99°02’04’’ E, 7 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 0740 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42425); dito, Pathio district, tambon Chum Kho, ca. 500 m from trisection to Bangson Bay, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 20 m, 10°26’31’’ N, 99°13’56’’ E, 11 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2347 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42433); dito, in the area of King Monkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon campus, in a Burmese rosewood plantation ( Pterocarpus indicus ), 50 m, 10°26’17’’ N, 99°13’17’’ E, 7 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2032 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42427); dito, Lang Suan district, tambon Wang Tako, surroundings of Moo 13, in a durian plantation ( Durio zibethinus ), 190 m, 09°55’54’’ N, 99°02’30’’ E, 14 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1080 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42424)—Nakhon Sri Thammarat province: Mueang district, tambon Tha Rai, besides the road in front of Peampraporn farm in a Cassia plantation ( Senna spectabilis ), 40 m, 08°25’06’’ N, 99°50’53’’ E, 15 October 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4837 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42428).

Figures

FIGURE 6. A. Graphis kelungana (scale = 0.5 mm); B. Graphis khaojoneana (scale = 0.4 mm); C. Graphis litoralis (scale = 0.5 mm); D. Graphis modesta (scale = 0.5); E. Graphis myrtacea (scale = 0.5); F. Graphis negrosina (scale = 0.5 mm); G. Graphis oxyclada (scale = 0.8 mm); H. Graphis paralleloides (scale = 0.3).