Pamphagidae Burmeister

Usmani, Mohammad Kamil, 2007, Studies on some Libyan species of Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea), Zootaxa 1625, pp. 47-60 : 49

Key to subfamilies and genera of Pamphagidae Burmeister , based on specimens collected in Fezzan

1- Metazona always much shorter than prozona; prosternal process of variable form; upper side of middle tibia without teeth or tubercles; if winged, second vannal vein of hind wing not curved and no vannal areas expanded; ventral valves of ovipositor not or slightly widened proximally to the apices, with oblique ridge, and often with a tooth; apical valves of aedeagus mostly long .... Pamphaginae Burmeister, 1840 ...2

- Metazona mostly longer, sometimes slightly shorter than prozona; prosternal process mostly collar-like; upper side of middle tibia with a row of teeth or tubercles ( Presa & Llorente, 1983; fig. 1); if winged, second vannal vein of hind wing S-like curved and first and third vannal area expanded ( Dirsh, 1965); venteral valves of ovipositor strongly widened proximally to the apices ( Harz, 1975), without a transverse ridge, hump or tooth basally; apical valves of aedeagus mostly short ............. Akicerinae Bolivar, 1916 ...4

2. Body stout, compressed or depressed; frons straight or slightly convex and depressed at ocellus; fastigium of vertex little or not at all projecting in front of eyes; hind femur comparatively short and wide; male cercus short, compressed, with obtuse apex..................................................................................................... 3

- Body elongate, subcylindrical, slightly compressed; frons oblique, in profile excised under ocellus; fastigium of vertex moderately projecting; hind femur comparatively moderately long and narrow ( Dirsh, 1965); male cercus straight, obtusely conical ............................................................ Acinipe Rambur, 1838

3- Pronotum crest-shaped, median carina without longitudinal furrow, lateral carinae absent ( Dirsh, 1965); epiphallus ( Dirsh, 1965) wide, with a pair of clusters of small teeth .............. Pamphagus Thunberg, 1815

- Pronotum tectiform, median carina with thin, longitudinal furrow, lateral carinae present ( Dirsh, 1965; Presa & Llorente, 1983); epiphallus ( Dirsh, 1965) relatively narrow, with teeth in median position ........... .......................................................................................................................... Euryparyphes Fischer, 1853

4- Pronotum more or less saddle-shape, its carina viewed in profile, is strongly raised in prozona but descends abruptly at the typical sulcus, always quite low in the anterior portion of metazona, but may become fairly high again posteriorly ( Uvarov, 1943); metazona with a distinct laminate edge, as long as or less than 1.5 times longer than prozona; fully winged or brachypterous, in the former case, tegmina never reaching beyond the middle of hind tibia; axillary veins of wings simple ................... Tmethis Fieber, 1853

- Pronotal carina practically straight, weak, linear, sometimes indistinct, narrowly interrupted by the typical sulcus ( Uvarov, 1943); metazona with thin edge, almost two times as long as prozona; tegmina very long, reaching the apex of hind tibia; axillary veins of wings branched ............................ Tuarega Uvarov, 1943