Cyphocaris ananke, Hughes, Lauren E. & Lowry, James K., 2015

Hughes, Lauren E. & Lowry, James K., 2015, A review of the world Cyphocarididae with description of three new species (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Lysianassoidea), Zootaxa 4058 (1), pp. 1-40 : 2-6

Cyphocaris ananke sp. nov.

( Figs 1–3 )

Types. Holotype, female, 27.5 mm, (dissected, parts in vial), NMV J68202 , 61 km east-north-east of Cape Tourville, Tasmania, Tasman Sea, Australia (4158.49'S 14904.41'E), 3 m Isaacs Kidd mid water trawl over bottom depth 1685–2524 m, 28 October 1988, coll. G.C.B. Poore et al., RV Franklin (stn SLOPE 75); Paratype 1 male specimen, 20.8 mm, (dissected, parts in vial), NMV J15794 , 51 km south-south-west of Cape Otway, Victoria, western Bass Strait, Australia (39°16'S 143°17'E), 90 m, medium sand, 10 October 1980, coll. G.C.B. Poore, HMAS Kimbla (stn BSS-73).

Type locality. 61 km east-north-east of Cape Tourville, Tasmania, Tasman Sea, Australia (4158.49'S 14904.41'E).

Etymology. Named ‘Ananke’ from the Greek primordial deity for inevitability, compulsion and necessity, used as a noun in apposition.

Description. Based on holotype, female, 27.5 mm, NMV J68202 . Body smooth, without setae. Pereonite 1 produced anterodorsally into a sharp projection, length subequal to basal width. Head narrow, much deeper than long, eyes present, rounded, not abutting anterior margin; rostrum absent; lateral cephalic lobe rounded concave, anteroventral corner subquadrate. Antenna 1 length extending beyond pereonite 6; peduncular article 1 longer than article 2–3 combined; accessory flagellum short, slender, 3–articulate, not reaching end of primary flagellum first article; primary flagellum article 1 very long, densely covered with aesthetascs, calceoli absent. Antenna 2 shorter than body; calceoli absent. Lower lip unknown. Mandibles, mandible incisor smooth, lacinia mobilis multidentate, accessory setal row with 5 (left) and 6 (right) setae; molar well-developed triturative; mandibular palp 3-articulate, article 1 much shorter than 2–3; article 2 posterior margin near straight, anterior margin with medial bulge, with dense row of submarginal setae distally, article 3 length 0.8 article 2, lined with dense row of slender setae. Maxilla 1 outer plate with 11 (right) setal teeth, palp (right) broad with 10 robust dentate setae, 1 plumose setae and 15 submarginal slender plumose setae; inner plate tapering distally, inner margin lined with 13 robust plumose setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate broad, triangular, with mediofacial and apical slender setae; outer plate with apical setae only. Maxilliped inner plate rectangular with 3 nodular apical robust setae, medial margin lined with plumose setae; outer plate subovate, apicolateral margin with long plumose setae, medial margin with 18 nodular robust setae; palp long, 4-articulate, articles 1–3 lined with long slender setae; article 1–2 length similar; article 3 shorter than article 2; dactylus length 1.1 article 3, straight, with 3 apical seta, unguis absent.

Pereon. Gnathopod 1 weakly subchelate; coxa small, ventrally truncate; basis long, length 4 width; ischium broader than long; merus posteriorly produced, rounded, posterior surface covered in short fine setae; carpus length 1.2 propodus; propodus length twice width, palm margin finely serrate, palm acute, not defined; dactylus posterior margin finely serrate, with distal spine, with 3 apical slender setae. Gnathopod 2 minutely subchelate; coxa tapering ventrally, truncate ventral margin; basis distally bowed, elongate, length 7.5 width; ischium length 3.5 width, merus length twice width; carpus length 2.5 x propodus, length 5 width, surface lined with short fine setae; propodus length 3 width, palm margin serrate, palm defined by corner with 2 robust setae; dactylus posterior margin smooth, with distal 1 tooth and 3 apical slender setae. Pereopod 3 slender, elongate; coxa subquadrate; basis slender straight; merus, carpus and propodus subequal in length; dactylus recurved, length 0.5 propodus. Pereopod 4 coxa anterior margin rounded, posteroventral lobe produced subacute; merus and carpus length subequal; propodus length 0.8 carpus, length 3 width. Pereopod 5 coxa subequal to coxa 4; basis posterior margin serrate, produced into blunt lobe, almost reaching end of merus; merus length 0.9 carpus, length 3 width; carpus 0.7 propodus, length 4.5 width; propodus length 11.5 width; dactylus short length 0.33 propodus, straight. Pereopod 6 coxa subquadrate; basis posterior margin serrate, posterodistal lobe reaches slightly beyond ischium, lobe margin serrate; merus length 0.9 carpus, length 3 width; carpus shorter than propodus, length 5.5 width, propodus long, length 15 width; dactylus slender, recurved, length 0.33 propodus. Pereopod 7 coxa ventral margin subquadrate; basis subrectangular, posterior margin convex, strongly serrate, posterodistal lobe reaching beyond ischium, corner serrate; merus subequal to carpus length; propodus length 1.1 carpus, length 7 width; dactylus long, straight, tapering, length 0.35 propodus.

Pleon. Pleonites 1–3 smooth. Epimeron 1 rounded. Epimera 2–3 subquadrate. Urosomite 2 with anterodorsal notch. Uropod 1 elongate, peduncle with 10 robust setae, length 4 width; outer ramus subequal to inner ramus. Uropod 2 reaching end of uropod 3; outer ramus subequal to inner ramus, 0.9 peduncle length, with 5 robust setae; inner ramus with 7 robust setae; rami lateral margins lined with fine setae. Uropod 3 reaching end of telson; peduncle length 1.8 width, dorsal margin with long slender setae; rami foliaceous, subequal in length, lined with plumose swimming setae, outer ramus 2-articulate, article 2 small, length twice width. Telson elongate, deeply cleft to 85%, lobes tapering distally, lateral margins with 8 setae and distal notch.

Depth range. 90 m.

Remarks. Cyphocaris ananke sp. nov. is closely aligned to C. anonyx Boeck, 1871 . Both species have a developed pereonite 1 protuberance and a short spur with serrate margins projecting from the posterior margin of pereopod 5. The species can be distinguished by the pereopod 4 coxa anterior shape, which is broadly rounded in C. ananke and subacute in C. anonyx . The telson is long and reached to the end of uropod 3 in C. ananke , while much shorter in C. anonyx . Within the mouthpart bundle of these species C. ananke has a greater number of setae overall, including on the maxilla 1 inner plate with 13 setae, maxilla 1 outer plate palp 10 robust setae and the maxilliped outer plate with 18 nodular setae, in comparison to C. anonyx which has 8, 7 to 8 and 9 setae, respectively. See also remarks for Cyphocaris nesoi sp. nov.

Distribution. SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN. Australia: Victoria, Tasmania (current study).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Cyphocaris ananke sp. nov., habitus, holotype female 27.5 mm, NMV J 68202, Cape Tourville, Tasmania, Tasman Sea.

FIGURE 2. Cyphocaris ananke sp. nov., holotype female, 27.5 mm, habitus, NMV J 68202, Cape Tourville, Tasman Sea; male, 20.8 mm, NMV J 15794, 51 km south-south-west of Cape Otway, Victoria, western Bass Strait, Tasman Sea. Scale 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3. Cyphocaris ananke sp. nov., holotype female 27.5 mm, NMV J 68202, Cape Tourville, Tasmania, Tasman Sea. Scale pereopods 1 mm, uropods and telson 0.5 mm.