Xanthopygus xanthopygus ( Nordmann, 1837 )

Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, 2022, A revision of the genus Xanthopygus Kraatz (Staphylinidae: Xanthopygina), Zootaxa 5099 (2), pp. 151-178 : 171-176

Xanthopygus xanthopygus ( Nordmann, 1837)

( Figs. 1–6 , 47–55 )

Staphylinus xanthopygus Nordmann, 1837: 45 .

Philonthus xanthopygus (Nordmann) ; Erichson 1840: 496.

Xanthopygus xanthopygus (Nordmann) ; Kraatz 1857: 539.

Xanthopygus abdominalis Gemminger & Harold 1868: 597 [proposed as an unnecessary replacement name for xanthopygus Nordmann ; Herman 2001].

Xanthopygus cacti Horn, 1868: 131 [junior synonym of xanthopygus Nordmann ; Navarette-Heredia et al. 2002].

Lampropygus xanthopygus (Nordmann) ; Sharp 1884: 347.

Xanthopygus xanthopygus (Nordmann) ; Hayashi 1997: 478.

Type material. Lectotype, here designated, male, with labels: “ Mexico, Deppe” / “Hist.-Coll. ( Coleoptera ) Nr. 6161 Philonthus xanthopygus Nordm. Mexico, Deppe, Zool. Mus. Berlin” / “ SYNTYPE Staphylinus xanthopygus Nordmann, 1837 labelled by MFNB 2020” / “ Xanthopygus phylogeny voucher SC-018” / “ Lectotype Staphylinus xanthopygus Nordmann des. Chatzimanolis 2021”. In the collection of ZMHB. Paralectotype, here designated, female, with labels: “Hist.-Coll. ( Coleoptera ) Nr. 6161 Philonthus xanthopygus Nordm. Mexico, Deppe, Zool. Mus. Berlin” / “ SYNTYPE Staphylinus xanthopygus Nordmann, 1837 labelled by MFNB 2020” / “ Paralectotype Staphylinus xanthopygus Nordmann des. Chatzimanolis 2021”. In ZMHB.

Lectotype, here designated, for Xanthopygus cacti with labels: “Ariz.[ona]” / “TYPE 3050” / “Horn Coll” / “ Xanthopygus cacti Horn ” / “MCZ TYPE 8255”. In the collection of MCZ, photographs of this specimen can be found here: https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ent:8255.

Additional Materials. EL SALVADOR: La Libertad: Quezaltepeque [13.83°, -89.26°], 7.ix.[19]64, J. Quezada leg. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ AMNH) ; San Salvador: San Salvador [13.69°, -89.19°], 5.ix.[19]64, J. Quezada leg. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ AMNH) ; BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Chapare [-16.83°, -66.16°], 400m, R. Zischkai leg., Scheerpeltz coll. (1 ♂ NMW) [likely mislabelled]; GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz: San Geronimo [15.061°, -90.240°], Champion leg. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; unknown department: unknown locality, (1 ♂, 1 ♀ ZMHB; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ NHMUK) ; HONDURAS: Francisco Morazán: Zamorano [14.00°, -87.00°], 820m, 7.vi.1994, breadfruit fall, J. Ashe & R. Brooks leg., SM0080001, SM0080002, SM0080003, SM0080057, SM0080004 (3 ♂, 1 ♀ SEMC; 1 ♂ UTCI) ; MEXICO: Chiapas: Comitan, 26km NW on Hwy 190, km145 [16.25°, -92.13°], 4.viii.1991, T. Philips & P. Kovarik leg., FMNHINS3989863 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; Chihuahua: Parral [26.93°, -105.66°] (1 ♂ NMW) ; Guanajuato: Guanajuato [21.01°, -101.26°], Salle coll. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ NHMUK) ; Guerrero: Acapulco [16.863°, -99.882°], Höge leg., Sharp coll. (2 ♂, 1 ♀ NHMUK) ; 9mi NE Iguala, Microondas Tuxpan Rd. [18.40°, -99.483°], 1341m, 29.viii.–4.ix.1971, human dung trap in oak-tropical deciduous woodland, A. Newton leg., FMNHINS3989865 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; Hidalgo: Tula [20.05°, -99.35°], Höge leg. (1 ♂ NHMUK) ; Jalisco: Guadalajara [20.67°, -103.34°], 1901, M. Diguet leg. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ AMNH) ; La Huerta, El Tecuán Rd, 7km from Ruta Mex. 200 [19.318°, -104.917°], 5m, 12.ix.1999, A. Newton & M. Thayer leg., under rotting mangoes, FMNHINS3989859, FMNHINS3989861, FMNHINS3989860 (2 ♂, 1 ♀ FMNH) ; 1mi SW. La Resolana [19.602°, -104.436°], 20.xi.1950, R. Smith leg. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; Volcan de Colima [19.51°, -103.61°], 1918, J. Lohe leg., Scheerpeltz coll. (1 ♂ NMW) ; Morelos: Cuernavaca [18.918°, -99.234°], Salle coll. (1 ♂ NHMUK) ; Tlayacapan y Tlalnepantla, Camino a San José de los Laureles [18.981°, - 99.002°], 15.viii.1998, from prickly pear cactus, R. Toledo & J.Márquez leg. (1 ♂ NHMD) ; Oaxaca: Rio Hondo [16.16°, -96.5°], 6.vii.1970, R. Beer leg., SM0079999 (1 ♂ SEMC) ; 5mi W. Tequisistlán [16.4°, -95.61°], 335m, 5.ix.[19]73, on rotting cacti columnar, A. Newton leg., FMNHINS3989862 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; Oaxaca [17.07°, -96.72°], Höge leg., Sharp coll., FMNHINS3989871 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ FMNH; 12 ♂, 8 ♀ NHMUK) ; same locality, 13–20.ix.1947, B. Malkin leg. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; 20mi E. San Pedro Totolapan [16.66°, -96.3°], 17.ix.1973, W. Hanson & B. Haws leg., SM0080000 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Valerio Trujano [17.76°, -96.98°], 27.vii.[19]37, A. Mead leg., FMNHINS3989870 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; 2.1km NW San Pedro Totolapan [16.69°, -96.32°], 1068m, 6.ix.1973, on rotting columnar cacti, A. Newton leg., FMNHINS4159024 (7, larvae and adults, FMNH) ; San Luis Potosí: El Banito [21.92°, -98.95°], 22.vi.1975, UV light, L. Watrous leg., FMNHINS3989868 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Sinaloa: Plan del Rio [25.59°, -108.43°], Höge leg., Sharp coll. (2 ♂, 1 ♀ NHMUK) ; Sonora: Sierra Alamos [27.018°, -108.934°], 11.xi.1972, V. Roth leg., Stephen coll., FMNHINS3989869 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; Tamaulipas: Ciudad Victoria, Municipio Villa de Casas [23.34°, -98.30°], 500m, 15–30.vi.1986, carrion trap, R. Jones & R. Trevino leg., FMNHINS3989864 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Veracruz: Dos Amates [18.491°, -95.059°], 16–17.vi.1969, D. Bright & J. Campbell leg. (1 ♀ CNC) ; El Mirador [19.206°, -96.842°], Höge leg., Sharp coll. (1 ♂ NHMUK) ; 32mi W. San Cristobál, Jct. Hwy 190-195 [17.81°, -95.03°], 8.v.1969, J. Martin leg. (1 ♀ CNC) ; 1.7km N. Teocelo [19.383°, -96.966°], 1128m, 23.vii.1973, on rotting fruit, A. Newton leg., FMNHINS4159031 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; unknown state: unknown locality, Becker coll. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ ZMHB) ; unknown locality, Flohr coll. (3 ♂, 3 ♀ ZMHB; 2 ♂, 1 ♀ NHMUK) ; unknown locality, Fry coll., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3989866 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; unknown locality, Brucard leg., FMNHINS3989867 (1 ♀ FMNH; 1 ♂ NMW; 1 ♀ MZH) ; unknown locality, Cameron coll. (2 ♀ MNHUK) ; unknown locality, Bowditch coll. (1 ♂ MCZ) ; unknown locality, Kraatz coll. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ SDEI) ; NICARAGUA: Granada: Reserva Natural Volcan Mombacho entrance [11.841°, -86.012°], 375m, 1.vi.2002, under fermenting guanacaste lumber, R. Brooks, Z. Falin & S. Chatzimanolis leg., SM0413217 (1 ♂ SEMC) ; León: León [12.43°, -86.88°], xii.[19]90, B. Garcete leg. (1 ♂ CNC) ; Masaya: Laguna de Apoyo [11.929°, -86.060°], 10–15.i.1992, blacklight, E. van den Berghe leg., UTCI000004415 (1 ♂ UTCI) Matagalpa: 6km N Matagalpa, Selva Negra Hotel [12.999°, -85.908°], 1350m, 21.v.2002, under bark, R. Brooks, Z. Falin & S. Chatzimanolis leg., SM0540966 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; USA: Arizona: Maricopa Co.: Mesa [33.42°, -111.82°], 6.iii.2003, rotting saguaro cactus, T. Rogers, SM0629854, SM0615928, SM0615929, SM0615927, SM0629853 (2 ♂, 2 ♀ SEMC; 1 ♀ UTCI) ; Phoenix [33.448°, -112.073°], 2.ix.[19]28, E. Leach leg., Klages coll. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ CMNH) ; Tempe desert [32.24°, -111.95°], Liebeck leg., Fall coll (2 ♂, 1 ♀ MCZ) ; Pima Co.: Redington Pass [32.307°, -110.6°], 11.x.1970, K. Stephen leg., Stephen coll., FMNHINS3989836 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; Saguaro National Park, Rincon Mt. Sect. [32.186°, -110.587°], 10.viii.[19]79, A. Smetana (2 ♀ CNC) ; same locality, 25.xii.[19]37, Van Dyke coll. (2 ♂, 1 ♀ CNC) ; Bear Canyon, Sta. Catalina foothills [32.321°, - 110.810°], 29.xii.[19]37, Van Dyke coll. (1 ♂ CNC) ; foothills of Sta. Catalina Mts. [32.36°, -110.91°], 7.iii.1973, K. Stephen leg., Stephen coll., FMNHINS3989835 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; same locality, 25.ii.1968, K. Stephen leg. Stephen coll., FMNHINS3989834 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; same locality, 7.i[19]38, Van Dyke coll. (1 ♀ CNC) ; Santa Catalina Mts. [32.36°, -110.91°], 27.xi.[19]27, F. Parker leg., Blackwelder coll. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; same locality, 914m, 11.v.1968, dead cactus, L. Herman leg. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; Santa Rita Mts., Florida Canyon [31.78°, -110.88°], 3–11.ix.1970, 1098m, on decaying barrel cactus Ferrocactus wislizeni, A. Newton leg., FMNHINS3989827 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Santa Rita Mts. , [31.78°, -110.88°], 21.i.[19]24, C. Dury leg. (1 ♂ MCZ) ; same locality, 12–24.vii.[19]15, Frost coll. (1 ♂ MCZ) ; Tucson [32.221°, -110.926°], 11.viii.1968, saguaro, W. Suter leg., FMNHINS3989828 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; same locality, 30.viii.1968, K. Stephen leg., Stephen coll., FMNHINS3989830, FMNHINS3989831, FMNHINS3989832 (3 ♀ FMNH) ; same locality, 23.ii.1969, K. Stephen leg., Stephen coll., FMNHINS3989829 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; same locality, 12.x.1968, K. Stephen leg., Stephen coll., FMNHINS3989833 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; same locality, 27.i.1935, dead giant cactus, Bryant leg. (1 ♂ CNC) ; same locality, Hubbard & Schwarz leg. (4 ♂, 2 ♀ NMNH) ; 12mi W. of Tucson [32.207°, -111.180°], 5.ii.1966, rotting saguaro, J. Vertrees leg. (4 ♀ AMNH) ; Tucson Mts. , E. Gates Pass [32.22°, -111.10°], 1.iii.1965, rotting saguaro, J. Burger leg. (1 ♂ CNC) ; Pinal Co.: 20 mi. S. Florence [32.71°, -111.38°], 20.viii.1978, saguaro, W. Suter leg., FMNHINS3989826 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Yavapai Co.: Prescott [34.54°, -112.46°], 1.ix.[19]28, Blackwelder coll. (1 ♂ AMNH) ; unknown county: unknown locality (1 ♂, 3 ♀ AMNH) ; Texas: Brooks Co.: Rachal [26.89°, -98.135°], 29.vi.1974, J. Wappes leg., FMNHINS3989837 (1 ♂ FMNH) .

Diagnosis. Male specimens of X. xanthopygus can be easily identified from all other Xanthopygus species due to the presence of a porose structure on sternite 7 (absent in all other species). Both sexes of X. xanthopygus can be easily distinguished from other species due to the densely punctate pronotum, typically with three rows of punctures on each half beside median line (other species with two rows or less).

Description. Forebody length 7.7–10.6mm; HW/HL ratio = 1.65. Antennomere 3 subequal to 2; antennomere 4 longer than wide, with tomentose pubescence; antennomere 6 subquadrate. Mandibles curved from apical half. Eyes as long as 2/5 length of head; head appearing convex. Head and pronotum with medium to large size punctures (see Figs. 47–48 ); pronotum with 3–4 dense rows of punctures on each half beside median line; pronotum microsculpture with transverse lines. PW/PL ratio = 1.09. Mesoventrite with intercoxal process broad and pointed. Metacoxae with four spines on posterior surface. EL/PL ratio = 1.28. Abdominal segments 4–6 without (or with faint) iridescent overtones; segment 6 without distinct bright band of orange coloration posteriorly; tergite 6 densely punctate; sternite 6 with single anterior transverse line; segment 7 orange. In males, sternite 7 with porose structure; sternite 8 with deep U-shaped emargination posteriorly. Aedeagus as in Figs. 51–53 ; in dorsal view paramere expanding medially and then converging to rounded apex; paramere longer and wider than median lobe; in lateral view paramere concave apically; paramere with peg setae as in Fig. 53 . Median lobe in dorsal view converging to narrowly rounded apex; median lobe without subapical tooth; in lateral view median lobe becoming much narrower near apex. Late instar larva as in Fig. 54 .

Distribution. Known from El Salvador, Bolivia (but see remarks below), Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, many states in Mexico, and the states of Arizona and Texas in USA. The map is shown in Fig. 55 and online at https://www.simplemappr.net/map/16396.

Habitat. Collected in desert, oak and tropical woodlands (elevations 5–1350m) using UV lights, and hand collected under bark, from rotting prickly pear cacti or saguaro cacti, under rotting mangoes and breadfruit, as well as under carrion and baited pitfall traps.

Remarks: There is a specimen of X. xanthopygus from Bolivia (recorded above) but it is possible that this specimen was mislabeled, since no other specimens are known from Bolivia. All other South America specimens that I examined and were previously identified as X. xanthopygus were either X. cognatus or X. pexus . Additionally, some specimens were identified as X. xanthopygus from Colombia ( Torres Rodríguez et al. 2012) but most specimens listed in that paper were female. While it is certainly possible that X. xanthopygus is found in northern South America, I would have expected to see specimens of X. xanthopygus from Costa Rica and Panama in various collections, and the species probably has a more restricted distribution than previously reported in Herman (2001).

There is a specimen in MCZ designated as paralectotype for X. cacti ; however, this designation is invalid since it was never published.

Figures

FIGURE 54. Late instar larva of X. xanthopygus (Nordmann).

FIGURE 55. Distribution map of X. xanthopygus (Nordmann). The dubious record from Bolivia is not shown here.

FIGURES 1–6. Xanthopygus xanthopygus (Nordmann). 1. Dorsal view of left mandible, scale bar = 2.1 mm. 2. Dorsal view of the right mandible, scale bar = 2.1 mm. 3. Maxilla, scale bar = 1.0 mm. 4. Hypopharynx and labial palps, scale bar = 0.8 mm. 5. Prosternum, scale bar = 1.8 mm. 6. Meso- and metaventrite, scale bar = 2.6 mm.

FIGURES 47–50. Xanthopygus xanthopygus (Nordmann). 47. Habitus photograph. 48. Pronotum. 49. Sternites 6–8. 50. Antenna. Not to scale.

FIGURES 51–53. Aedeagus of X. xanthopygus (Nordmann). 51. Dorsal view. 52. Lateral view. 53. Detail of paramere, ventral view.