Xerochrysum

Collins, Timothy L., Schmidt-Lebuhn, Alexander N., Andrew, Rose L., Telford, Ian R. H. & Bruhl, Jeremy J., 2022, There’s gold in them thar hills! Morphology and molecules delimit species in Xerochrysum (Asteraceae; Gnaphalieae) and reveal many new taxa, Australian Systematic Botany 35 (2), pp. 120-185 : 143-144

Key to species of Xerochrysum

1. Herbs, rhizomatous; claw of medial phyllaries with a central vein that passes into the lamina; cypselae with persistent pappus and no pappus–pericarp abscission line............................................2

Herbs, or shrub-like, taprooted or sometimes rhizomatous; claw of medial phyllaries with several vascular bundles that terminate at its apex; cypselae with deciduous pappus, or if persisting, then with a distinct pappus–pericarp abscission line.........................7

2. Phyllaries white, pale pink or crimson..........................................3 Phyllaries yellow............................................................................4

3. Stem indumentum densely white-cottony, without glands, becoming glabrescent with age; leaves woolly on margin, otherwise glabrous or cobwebby............................................... X. milliganii Stem indumentum hirsute with stipitate glands; leaves cobwebby to woolly on margin, adaxially hirsute, otherwise glands both sides...................................................................... X. collierianum

4. Stem indumentum densely cottony towards apex, glands absent......5 Stem indumentum cobwebby and glandular with glands towards apex............................................................................. X. alpinum

5. Outer phyllaries smooth abaxially.................................. X. palustre Outer phyllaries scabridulous abaxially.........................................6

6. Cauline leaves 20–60 mm long and 2–10 mm wide, glabrous or with sessile glands adaxially.................................... X. andrewiae Cauline leaves 25–90 mm long and 5–20 mm wide, hispid or scabrid with stipitate glands adaxially..................... X. subundulatum

7. Cauline leaves abaxially hirsute to tomentose or with scattered septate trichomes........................................................................8 Cauline leaves abaxially without septate trichomes....................18

8. Most cauline leaves less than 10 mm wide....................................9 Most cauline leaves 10 mm wide or greater................................14

9. Cauline leaves abaxially with occasional or scattered septate trichomes......................................................................................10 Cauline leaves abaxially hirsute to hispid or tomentose.............12

10. Cauline leaves with persistent stipitate glands on cauline leaf adaxial surface; prostrate habit; far northern Queensland coastal headlands...................................................................... X. banksii Cauline leaves with fragile stipitate or sessile glands on cauline leaf adaxial surface; erect habit; not in far northern Queensland ....11

11. Cauline leaves with sessile glands breaking and leaving a varnished appearance; Victoria, inland New South Wales, and southern Queensland ................................................................. X. viscosum Cauline leaves with stipitate glands, fragile and usually lost but retaining persistent stipes and not appearing varnished; Top End, Northern Territory, and Kimberley, Western Australia ...... X. boreale

12. Basal rosette usually absent at flowering, flowering stems branched, capitula in open panicles.........................................13 Basal rosette usually present at flowering, flowering stems unbranched, capitula solitary............................... X. neoanglicum

13. Annual or biennial; taproot present; basal leaf rosette present or usually marcescent; abaxial leaf lamina densely hispidulous with flagelliform trichomes and minute persistent septate bases up to ~ 0.02 mm long; widespread on roadsides and grassy woodlands on basaltic and granitic clay soils................. X. macsweeneyorum Perennial ; short rhizome or taproot present; basal leaf rosette absent; leaves hirsute abaxially with flagelliform trichomes on septate bases up to 0.1 mm long; restricted to gorge rim habitats on skeletal metasedimentary and granitic soils....... X. copelandii

14. Cauline leaf margin hispid with septate trichomes; habitat not on margins of rainforest or Nothofagus moorei forest...................15 Cauline leaf margin woolly with septate trichomes; habitat mostly on margins of rainforest or Nothofagus moorei forest...... X. frutescens

15. Populations restricted to northern New South Wales ..................16 Populations restricted to northern Queensland ...........................17

16. Cauline leaf abaxial lamina glabrous or with scattered septate flagelliform trichomes; ovate stylar appendages; restricted to Barrington Tops National Park, New South Wales...... X. murapan Cauline leaf abaxial lamina pilose with septate flagelliform trichomes; lanceolate stylar appendages; restricted to high-altitude escarpment in New England National Park, New South Wales...... X. berarngutta

17. Stylar appendage lanceolate with acute apex; cauline leaf adaxial indumentum hirsute, with slender, lanceoloid septate trichomes, numerous stipitate glands; erect habit........................ X. strictum Stylar appendage ovate with obtuse apex; cauline leaf adaxial indumentum hispid, with stout septate trichomes arising from thickened basal cells, stipitate glands few or absent; decumbent habit.............................................................................. X. gudang

18. Most mid-cauline leaves less than 10 mm wide...........................19 Most mid-cauline leaves greater than 10 mm wide.....................22

19. Phyllaries broad and rounded......................................................20 Phyllaries narrow and lanceolate.................................................21

20. Erect open habit; annual, or biennial in wetter years; stylar appendage ovate; inland northern New South Wales and south-western Queensland ........................................................ X. sp. Chinchilla Compact habit; perennial; stylar appendage narrow triangular; coastal headlands in New South Wales, and southern and central Queensland ....................................................................................... X. sp. North Stradbroke Island (L. Durrington 675) Qld Herbarium

21. Annual, or biennial in wetter years; foliaceous bract subtending capitulum less than 10 mm long; south-western Western Australia ............................................................... X. macranthum Perennial ; foliaceous bract subtending capitulum greater than 10 mm long; Tasmania and Victoria ....................... X. papillosum

22. Tap rooted; not in alpine habitats...............................................23 Rhizomatous; alpine habitats .................... X. sp. Blackfellows Gap

23. Stylar appendage narrow triangular............................................24 Stylar appendage broad triangular or ovate................................25

24. Foliaceous bract subtending capitulum greater than 10 mm long; cauline leaves hispid adaxially and with large trichomes scattered on leaf lamina and margin; Flinders Ranges and inland areas of southern South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales .......................................................................... X. hispidum Foliaceous bract subtending capitulum less than 10 mm long; cauline leaves sparsely hirsute adaxially; arid Northern Territory, northern South Australia, and arid Western Australia ................. .................................................................................... X. interiore

25. Stems cottony or woolly below capitulum...................................26 Stems hispid or with flagelliform trichomes below capitulum............ ............................................................................................. X. bicolor

26. Phyllaries yellow; Queensland, New South Wales or Victoria ......27 Phyllaries white or pink; Western Australia .................... X. wilsonii

27. Cauline leaf adaxial indumentum hispid or hirsute with septate trichomes without flagelliform apices, and older leaves not glabrescent; Queensland ..................................................................28 Cauline leaf adaxial indumentum hispid with minute flagelliform trichomes, older leaves glabrescent; south-eastern New South Wales and eastern Victoria ..................................... X. bracteatum

28. Cauline leaves 15–60 mm wide and 90–150 mm long, cauline leaf adaxial indumentum sparsely hispid with septate trichomes ........ X. sp. North Stradbroke Island (L. Durrington 675) Qld Herbarium Cauline leaves 5–30 mm wide and 15–130 mm long, cauline leaf adaxial indumentum hirsute with septate trichomes .................. ........................................................................ X. sp. Tin Can Bay