Triphysa phryne phryne ( Pallas, 1771 )

Dubatolov, Vladimir V., Korb, Stanislav K. & Yakovlev, Roman V., 2023, A review of the genus Triphysa Zeller, 1858 (Lepidoptera, Satyridae), Ecologica Montenegrina 61, pp. 88-123 : 91-99

Triphysa phryne phryne ( Pallas, 1771)

Figs. 1a–l , 6a , 7 , 8 , 20 .

Papilio phryne Pallas, 1771 ; Reise Prov. Russ. Rieches: 572. Type locality: “Volgae versus Sysranum”. [Kostychi vill., near Oktyabr’skij, Syzran’ distr., Samara region, Russia].

= Papilio tircis Cramer, 1777 ; Papil. Exot. 4: 373, T. 373, f. D, E. Type locality: “... de la Siberie” [Siberia].

= Triphysa ( Phryne HS. ) Dohrnii Zeller, 1850 ; Entomol. Zeitung, Stettin 11: 308.

Type locality: “ südlichen Russland” [South Russia], Sarepta , according to the neotype designation .

Systematic notes. Papilio phryne Pallas described from “Volgae versus Sysranum”. Its type locality corrected by Sachkov (1991) – Kostychy village in the town Oktyabrsky environs, Samara Prov., Russia.

Papilio tircis Cramer described from a female specimen from Siberia, the text description is unclear but has two pictures: upper side and very schematized underside ( Fig. 7 ). However, the most obvious characteristic features in these pictures are well visible: postdiscal spots are almost equal in size, eyespots always with white centers and surrounded by narrow yellowish borders. These features are identical to the habitus of Triphysa phryne Pall. Type material of this species was collected most likely by P.S. Pallas somewhere from Omsk region to Western Altai, no other material known from this region of Russia at this time.

Triphysa dohrnii Zeller was described from South Russia and its status was unclear. The main feature for this taxon is a rather wide pale edge on wings upperside, but comparable in width to the border on the underside. We can conclude that the upperside fringe is actually not very wide. In comparison to T. dohrnii and T. tircis , it is not specifically indicated if there is a difference in the presence or absence of white centers in eyespots. But because in T. tircis the bright centers in eyespots are well developed (almost certainly), the same should be present in T. dohrnii too, or it would have been indicated otherwise. Another important feature, suggesting the position of T. dohrnii as a synonym of T. phryne , is the presence of a rather complex pattern located basally from the postdiscal band. This pattern is very unclearly described in the original description. On the other hand, weak whitish veins on the hindwings underside, which usually are in T. phryne . Among the Siberian populations of Triphysa (excluding the West Siberian Plain, where only T. phryne occurs) the white centers of postdiscal eyespots are only in specimens from the steppes of southern Transbaikal, but in these specimens there are always two large cubital eyespots on the forewing underside. This characteristic feature would necessarily be mentioned by Zeller, if his T. dohrnii had originated from Transbaikal. That is why we take the point of view that Zeller described an aberrant specimen of T. phryne . The type locality mentioned in the original description is South Russia (not any areas of Siberia!). Basically, during the first half of the XIX century, Zeller could have had Siberian specimens of a species other than phryne only from two potential areas and collectors: Altai Mountains (from Gebler) or Southern Transbaikal (from Fischer von Waldheim). Specimens from these areas must have a light border on the upperside wings, but the Altai specimens are always without white centers in the postdiscal eyespots on the underside, and the South-Transbaikalian specimens are always with huge cubital eyespots on the upperside of the forewing. That is why we cannot consider T. dohrnii identical to any Siberian specimens. The lightening of the pattern along the outer margin in South Russian males T. phryne , though very rarely, but occurs; it is also one of the arguments for the species identity of T. phryne and dohrnii .

Lang (1884: 814) listed T. dohrnii as an aberration with light underside that flies together with typical individuals. Thus once more the European origin of T. dohrnii type specimens and its use for light specimens of T. phryne was considered.

Grumm-Grshimailo (1899; 1948) indicated that the type material of T. dohrnii was lost; it was not found in BMNH (see above). It is impossible to understand the status and position of almost all taxa of Tryphysa without the neotype designation of T. dohrnii . Therefore, we make a decision to designate the lightest T. phryne specimen as the neotype of T. dohrnii . The neotype male, designated here: collected in Russia, Low Volga, Volgograd distr., Sarepta, 611 ( ZISP).

Diagnosis. The characteristic feature in the male genitalia is a very short gnathos. Apex of valva in nominotypical and closely related subspecies is curved dorsally and sharpened. 20 specimens have been dissected.

Type material. The type material of T. phryne may be lost, but in the literature there is no reference about this. Zolotukhin (pers. comm.) suggests qute a high probablity that Pallas type specimens could be preserved in Kunstkamera Museum (St.- Petersburg, Russia), but access to the repository of this museum is prohibited .

T. phryne was erroneously recorded from Central Mongolia ( Igarashi et al., 2001); the figured specimen is an aberrative male of T. nervosa glacialis .

Material examined. Neotype ( Triphysa dohrnii Zeller, 1858 ), male, Sarepta, 611 ( ZISP); Ukraine: 1 male, Ukraina, Askaniya-Nova, 27-V-1974 ( ISEAN); Russia: 1 male, Crimea , Dzhankoi distr. , near Yasnopolyanskoe vill., 25-IV-2009, leg. Savchuk V. ( RYB); 2 males, Kamyschin cEv, 12 May ( ZISP); 2 females, Iletzk Maj ( ZISP); 1 male, 1 female, Spask Camp. Orenb. cAP ( ZISP); 1 male, Sarat.[ov] cA ( ZISP); 3 males, 2 females, Sarept. cAP ( ZISP); 2 males, 1 female, Sarepta cAP ( ZISP); 1 male, Sarepta ( ZISP); 1 female, Beck. Sarept., coll. Erschoff ( ZISP); 3 males, 2 females, Sarepta , coll. Erschoff ( ZISP); 2 males, 2 females, Sarepta кбвкНМ ( ZISP); 1 male, 1 female, Sarepta ( ZISP); 1 female, Sarepta , coll. Avinoff ( ZISP); 1 male, 1 female, Volgograd, 2.VI-[19]64 ( ZISP); 1 male, Volgograd Prov., Kletskoe distr. , 4 km W Saushkin village, 17.05.2006, leg. E.V. Zvetkov ( ZISP); 2 female, Volgograd Prov., left bank Bol. Goluboj river , 21.05.2006, leg. E.V. Zvetkov ( ZISP); 1 female, Russia, Low Volga , Volgograd distr., Golubaya riv. basin, Kamyshinskii vill., 200 m, 15−25-V-1997, S. Andreev leg. ( RYB); 3 males, Russia, Volgograd reg., Olkhovka distr. , Stefanidovka vill., 12-VII-2007, A.N. Samus leg. ( ASV); 1 male, Volgograd reg., Ilovlya distr. , Trekhostrovkaya vill., 20-V-2007, leg. A.N. Samus’ ( ASV); 1 male, Volgograd, Kirovskij distr. , Gornaya Polyana, 10-VI-2003 ( ASV); 1 male, 1 female, Volgograd reg., Pallasovka distr. , Elton lake west coast, 22-V-2011, leg. A.N. Samus’ ( ASV); 1 female, Volgograd reg., Angarskii settl., 23-V-2003, leg. A.N. Samus’ ( ASV); 5 females, Ul’yanovsk reg., Radishevo distr. , 160 km S Ul’yanovsk, Ryabina station , 30-V- 4-VI-1993, V. Zolotuhin leg. ( UPU); 10 males, 2 females, Ul’yanovsk reg., Radishevo distr. , 166 km S Ul’yanovsk, 6 km S Vyazovka vill., 9.05.2000, V. Zolotuhin leg. ( UPU); 5 females, same locality, 30-V-1- VI-2000 ( UPU); 2 females, Ul’yanovsk reg., Novospasskoe distr. , 150 km S Ul’yanovsk, near Vasil’evka vill., Kurba river , 4-VI-2000, S. Buganin leg. ( UPU); 1 male, Russia, Saratov, 1-V-1989, S. Gundorov leg. ( RYB); 1 female, same locality, 27-V-1979, leg. Bochkarev ( ISEAN); 1 female, same locality, 19-V-1979, leg. Bochkarev ( ISEAN); 3 females, same locality, 20-V-1979, leg. Bochkarev ( ISEAN); 1 male, Saratov Reg., 9-ya Dachnaya, 5-VI-1964, Kumakov leg. ( ISEAN); 1 male, same locality, 7-V-1972, leg. Kumakov ( ISEAN); 1 male, 2 female, Butlerow Orb [Orenburg] cAP ( ZISP); 1 female, Baschk. [iria] cAP ( ZISP); 2 female, Guberli Chr 20 5; 1 male, 23 5, 1 male, 25 5 ( ZISP); 1 female, Gub [erli] 8.6.[18]92; 1 female, 10 6//29 5 [18]92 1f ( ZISP); 1 male, Ural, 16/5 1892, A. Reison ( ZISP); 1 female, S. Ural, Guberlya Mts. , upper stream of Kinderlya river , 19.V.2011, E.V. Zvetkov ( ZISP); 2 males, Russia, S. Ural, Kuvandyk, 15-V-1996, leg. V. Barkhatov ( RYB); 1 female, same locality, 1-10-VI-1995 ( RYB); 2 males, 4 females, Orenburg reg., Sol’ - Iletskoe distr. , near Ivanovka vill., 24-V-2002, V. Dubatolov & E. Nikolaeva leg. ( ISEAN); 1 male, Orenburg reg., Sol’ - Iletskoe distr. , 20 km W Troitzk, 25-V-2002, V. Dubatolov & E. Nikolaeva leg. ( ISEAN); 1 male, 1 female, Uralsk ( ZMHU); 1 males, 1 female, Rossia mer. or. ( ZMHU); 1 male, 1 female, Orenburg reg., Burtinskaya steppe, 19-V-1997, leg. I. Lubechansky ( ISEAN); 1 male, Russia, S. Ural, Chelyabinskaya obl. , Bredy, 7-VI-1988, leg. V. Barkhatov ( RYB); 1 male, Chelyabinsk, 30-VII- (error!).1979, leg. Kuliginsky ( ISEAN); 1 female, Chelyabinsk reg., Troitzk , 17-V-1983, leg. M.F. Manapov ( ISEAN); 1 female, Omsk reg., Isil’kul’, VII-(error!) 1962 ( ISEAN); 1 male, Omsk reg., Davydovka, 9-VI-2002, K. Ponomarev leg. ( ISEAN); 1 female, 27-V-[19]23 1f, 29-V-1923 раЗ.N55 Omsk, V. Schuko ( ZISP); 2 males, 1 female, 30-V-[1]923 Omsk, V. Schuko ( ZISP); 4 males, 12 females, Novosibirsk reg., 13 km W Karasuk, Krotovaya Lyaga lake , 24-V–2-VI-1981, leg. V. Dubatolov ( ISEAN); 2 females, same locality, 15- V-1982, leg. V. Dubatolov & P. Ustjuzhanin ( ISEAN); 1 male, same locality, 31-V-1998, leg. V. Dubatolov ( ISEAN); 1 male, 20-V-2015, Novosibirsk Prov., Iskitim District , 4 km E of Evsino village, Shipunikha River right bank, steppe, 54°32’14” N, 83°24’16” E, O.E. Kosterin leg.; 1 female, Novosibirsk Prov., Shipunikha river valley, 3−4 km SE “ 67 km ” station, 28.05.2006, S. Ogudov leg. (coll. S. Ogudov, Novosibirsk); 2 males, Russia, Altai Krai, Ugly distr. , Lyapunovo, 9-V-2003, leg. D. Ryzhkov ( RYB); Kazakhstan: 2 males, 2 females, Zhana-Arka , Karagand.[a] Province., 5.VI.[1]958, Zagulyaev ( ZISP); 1 male, 5 females, Koksengir Mt. , 40 km S Zhana-Arka, Karagand. [a] Province, 31.V.[1]958, Zagulyaev ( ZISP); 1 male, P.Kaz. 2.V, coll. Erschoff ( ZISP); 1 female, W. Kazakhst. Prov. , near Yanvarzevo, steppe, 26.V.[19]49, Martynova ( ZISP); 1 female, W. Kazakhst. Prov. , right bank of Byshovka, 20.V.[1]949, Martynova ( ZISP); 1 female, W. Kazakhst. Prov. , near Rozhkovo, 26.V.[19]49, Mart.[ynova] ( ZISP); 1 female, Uralsk, B. Uvarov ( ZISP); 1 female, Kirgs.Steppe ( ZISP); 1 female, Kirghiz.sp., Prov. Kustanaj distr. , Semiozernyj loc. Naurzum, V. Zabelina 1940 VI 4; 1 female, 1941 VI.13 coll. Tschetverikov ( ZISP); 1 male, near Semipalatinsk, 3 May 1887 ( ZISP); 1 male, 1 female, Central Kazakhstan, Zharkul’ lake , 4-VI-1958, leg. M. Falkovitch ( ISEAN); 1 female, 10 km upper Pavlodar, right bank of Irtysh river , 23-V-1980, leg. M. Sergeev ( ISEAN); 1 female, Karaganda Reg., Bektau-Ata Mts. , 70 km N Balkhash, 47°26’N; 74°41’E, 4− 5.05.2013, leg. S. Knyazev (coll. Knyazev, Omsk); 1 male, 1 female, E. Kazakhstan, Manrak Mts. , near Zhanaul vill., 1100 m, 47°14’ N, 84°35’ E, 3.06.2003, leg. R. Yakovlev ( RYB); 1 male, 1 female, E. Kazakhstan, Tarbagataj distr. , Zhagalbaily Mts. , Bugaz river Valley, 47°55’ N, 82°04’ E, 600 m, 1-VI-2003 ( RYB); 1 male, E. Kazakhstan, 20 km S Zaisan, 25-V-2000, leg. R. Yakovlev ( RYB); 1 female, E. Kazakhstan, Saur Mts. , Sajkan Mts. , 48°11’ N, 84°43’ E, 1700 m, 7-8-VI-2003, leg. R. Yakovlev ( RYB); 1 male, 1 female, E. Kazakhstan, 20 km SE Kurchum vill., 48°28’ N, 84°06’ E, 600 m, 17-V-2003, leg. R. Yakovlev ( RYB); 1 male, E. Kazakhstan, Azutau Mts. , Kyzyltas Mts. , 48°16’ N, 85°26’ E, 850 m, 18-V-2003, leg. R. Yakovlev ( RYB); 2 males, 2 females, E. Kazakhstan, Kalba Mts. , 20 km SW Georgievka, 19- V-2000, leg. R. Yakovlev ( RYB); E. Kazakhstan, W Tarbagatai, Karaul-Tobe Mts. , 790 m, 47°37’ N, 80°38’ E, 29-V-2003, leg. R. Yakovlev ( RYB); 1 female, S Kazakhstan, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Altyn-Emel, 8-V-2001, leg. R. Yakovlev ( RYB).

Distribution. Crimea, South Ukraine (westwards to “Askania- Nova” nature reserve); Russia: south of European part (from N. Caucasus (Narzan’s Valley, Levokumsk distr., near Belaya Kalitva) northwards to Samara (western locality – Balashov distr.), Ul’yanovsk and Tambov Prov. (Muchkap distr., 7 km NE of Muchkapskij vill.), South Ural (Bashkiriya, Orenburg and Chelyabinsk Prov.), southern part of West Siberia, i.e. south of Omsk, Novosibirsk Provinces and Altai Krai (Ugly, Zmeinogorsk, Lokot’, Rubtsovsk distr.); Kazakhstan (Ural, Guryev, Aktobe, Turgaisk, Semipalatinsk regions; Altai: mountain ridges Kalbinsky, Kurchumsky, Narymsky, Bukombai; Saur, Manrak, Tarbagatai; Dzhungarian Alatau) ( Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994, Lvovsky & Morgun, 2007). It was also listed from the south regions of Ustyurt plateau ( Gorbunov 2011) and plain areas of Alma-Ata region ( Zhdanko 2005). Detailed distribution data in Volga region are in: Anikin et al. (1993), Zolotuhin (1994), Morgun (2003), Anikin (2006), Kuznetsov (2009), Ganzha (2012); in Ural: Gorbunov (1992); in Caucasus: Shkhashemishev (1973), Poltavsky (2005), Stradomsky (2008), Poltavsky & Artokhin (2012); in Western Siberia: Kosterin et al. (2007), Knyazev (2009); in Kazakhstan: Aibasov (1975), Aibasov & Zhdanko (1982) Lukhtanov et al. (2007), Gorbunov (2011) and Rubin & Yakovlev (2013).

Triphysa phryne kasikoporana Dubatolov, Korb et Yakovlev , ssp. n. https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FDCCB4EF-C3D3-49D1-8689-8CCC3367A434

Figs. 1 m-p, 6a, 21.

Description. Male. Forewing length 18−19 mm, wings dark- brown with pale yellow border, in some specimens the cubital area of forewing with light and hardly detectable strokes. Forewing underside dark, veins are light, all postdiscal spots with white centers. Postdiscal spots are on a background of bright lines. Underside of hindwing with postdiscal spots with white centers. White strokes in postdiscal area extended almost to the discal cell. Veins on hindwing underside are white. Female. Forewing length 18−20 mm. Upperside light yellow, underside pattern as in male, postdiscal spots with white centers, postdiscal light strokes are present.

Diagnosis. Postdiscal spots in males are on a background of bright lines developed much better than in Triphysa phryne phryne . A good difference in males of the new subspecies from the nominotypical one is in the white strokes in postdiscal area (extended almost to the discal cell). Postdiscal light strokes in females developed better than in the nominotypical subspecies.

Material examined. Holotype, male, Kasikoporan [NE Turkey, Agri prov.] ( ZISP) . Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female, Armenia turc., Agri-Dagh , 2500-3000 m, VII (no other data) E. Pfeiffer ( ZSSM) ; 2 males, 2 females, Armenia, Ak-Bulak , Geröllzone, 3000 m, 25-VI-3.VII (no other data), leg. Kotzsch ( ZSSM) ; 1 male, 1 female, Armenien, Kotzsch ( ZSSM) ; 1 male, 1 female, Armenien, Agri-Dagh , Juli, 2500-3000 m, leg. Kotzsch ( MWM) ; 1 female, Kasikoporan Chr 13 6 [18]87 ( ZISP) ; 1 female, Kasikoporan Chr 17 7 [18]82 ( ZISP) ; 1 male, 1 female, Kasikoporan Chr 19 7 [18]82 ( ZISP) .

Distribution. E. Turkey: Aras Güneyi Dağlari mountain ridge and possibly surrounding mountains. Local subspecies divided from nominotypical populations by the wide belt of Caucasian mountains and by the Caspian Sea.

Figures

Figure 1. Triphysa sp., imago: a – neotype of Triphysa dohrnii Zeller, 1858 (ZISP), upperside, b – underside; c – T. phryne, male, Crimea, Dzhankoj distr., near Yasnopolyanskoe vill., 25.04.2009, leg. Savchuk V. (RYB), upperside, d – underside; e – T. phryne, Russia, S. Ural, Kuvandyk, 15.05.1996, leg. V. Barkhatov (RYB), upperside, f – underside; g – T. phryne, female, same locality, 1-10.06.1995 (RYB), upperside, h – underside; i – T. phryne, male, Russia, Altai Krai, Ugly distr., Lyapunovo, 9.05.2003, leg. D. Ryzhkov (RYB), upperside, j – underside; k – T. phryne, female, E. Kazakhstan, Manrak Mts., near Zhanaul vill., 1100 m, 47º14’ N, 84º35’ E, 3.06.2003, leg. R. Yakovlev (RYB) upperside, l – underside; m – T. phryne kasikoporana ssp. n., holotype (ZISP), upperside, n – underside; o – T. phryne kasikoporana ssp. n., paratype, female (ZSSM), upperside, p – underside; q – T. striatula, cotype, male (MHUB), upperside, r – underside; s – T. striatula, cotype, female (MHUB), upperside, t – underside; u – T. striatula, cotype, male (MHUB), upperside, v – underside; w – T. striatula, cotype, male (ZISP), upperside, x – underside.

Figure 6. Distribution map of Triphysa species: a (above) – general map; b (below) – northern-eastern part of area of T. nervosa nervosa.

Figure 7. Papilio tircis Cramer (from Cramer 1777): a – upperside; b – underside.

Figures 8–9. Habitats of Triphysa: 8 – T. phryne phryne, Russia, Volgograd reg. (photo by A. Samus’); 9 – T. issykkulica, SE Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata reg. (photo by S. Korb).

Figures 20–24. Male genitalia (lateral projection) of Triphysa: 20 – T. phryne, Volgograd reg.; 21 – T. phryne kasikoporana, holotype; 22 – T. striatula, cotype; 23 – T. striatula urumtshiensis, holotype; 24 – T. issykkulica, holotype.