Dishkeya Stonis, 2020

Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Orlovskytė, Svetlana, Solis, Alma, Paulavičiūtė, Brigita, Xu, Jiasheng & Dai, Xiaohua, 2023, Genera of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera): a review of the global fauna, with descriptions of new taxa, Zootaxa 5333 (1), pp. 1-131 : 48-50

3. Genus Dishkeya Stonis, 2020

( Figs 183–194 )

Dishkeya Stonis, 2020: 125–127 . Type species: Dishkeya gouaniae ( Stonis & Diškus, 2007: 1286–1291) .

Diagnosis. In the male genitalia, species of Dishkeya are characterized by the modified socii usually forming a pseudognathos, a wide phallus with lateral processes and variously developed carinae, and absence of a juxta or anellus. In the female genitalia, the genus is characterized by the small ovipositor lobes and large lateral lobes. In contrast to majority of Tischeriidae , leaf mines of Dishkeya are linear on Rhamnaceae host plants. For major diagnostic characters of Dishkeya and their occurrence in other genera of Tischeriidae see Tabs 2 , 3 .

Molecular notes. According to the molecular analysis, Dishkeya is a separate clade, and always branches with Coptotrichoides ; together these two genera are often close to the Coptotriche genus ( Figs 62 , 64 ).

Adult. Head: frontal tuft overlapping the frons, comprised of long, slender lamellar and piliform scales; collar comprised of slender lamellar scales. Forewing without a distinct pattern, yellowish ochre to pale grey, irregularly speckled with some darker scales ( Stonis & Solis 2020). Hindwing slender, without androconia.

Male genitalia ( Figs 183–194 ). Uncus with two long, very slender or wide lateral lobes. Socii spinose, modified, usually thickened medially and forming a pseudognathos ( Figs 183–187 ). Tegumen long, without lateral frame-like thickening; diaphragm without spines. Valva slender to medium wide, usually with inner process or larger inner lobe; basal process of valva very short, except for D. ursipedella Diškus, Mey & Stonis ( Stonis et al. 2022a) which is characterized by very long basal processess. Transtilla or anellus absent. Vinculum long, widely rounded or truncated distally. Phallus wide to very wide, occasionally constricted medially, with strongly developed lateral processes (sometimes also possessing spines) and variously developed, usually asymmetrical apical carinae ( Figs 191–194 ); the recently described Colombian D. ursipedella ( Stonis et al. 2022a) posseses particularly developed, five-claw carinae ( Figs 190, 191 ).

Female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes small; the gap between ovipositor lobes relatively wide; second pair of ovipositor lobes almost equal in size to the main ovipositor lobes or divided. Lateral lobes very large, wide proximally. Anterior apophyses slightly shorter than posterior apophyses. Prela with three pairs of rod-like projections; caudal sclerite strongly developed, inverted V-shaped, with a large pointed lobe caudally.Antrum absent. Otherwise, female genitalia are unknown.

Bionomics. The genus is trophically associated with Rhamnaceae and known leaf mines are linear. However, there remains a need to discover and study the biology of additional species in this genus.

Species diversity and geographical distribution. Currently the genus is comprised of four species. It is predicted that this genus might have an almost continuous distribution along the West coast of the Americas ( Stonis & Solis 2020); recently one new species was described from the Colombian Andes ( Stonis et al. 2022a).

Figures

FIGURE 62. The Maximum Likelihood tree of 11 randomly selected sequences of species representing 11 genera of Tischeriidae (Table 1 + downloaded Paratischeria ferruginea HM244395, Neotischeria neotropicana HM244391, Dishkeya bifurcata LNAUT3265-15, Coptotrichoides serjaniphaga OK017167) based on the 608 bp long mtDNA CO1-5’ sequences). The Kimura 2-parameter model (1.000 replicates) was used to calculate divergence. The best supported and resolved dichotomies are highlighted. The morphological differences of genitalia are shown to the right of the tree

FIGURES 183–194. Male genitalia of Dishkeya Stonis (after Stonis & Solis 2020; Stonis et al. 2022a). 183, modified socii, D. ursipedella Diškus, Mey & Stonis, ventral view; 184, same, D. gouaniae (Diškus & Stonis), ventral view; 185, same, lateral view; 186, same, D. bifurcata (Braun), lateral view; 187, same, D. gothica Diškus & Stonis, lateral view; 188, male genitalia, D. gouaniae, slide no. 010316202 (NHMUK); 189, same, D. gothica, slide no. AD1010 (ZMUC); 190, D. ursipedella, slide no. AD1119 (MfN); 191, phallus, D. ursipedella; 192, same, D. bifurcata; 193, same, D. gouaniae; 194, same, D. gothica

FIGURES 63, 64. The Maximum Likelihood trees of Tischeriidae based on the 608 bp long mtDNA CO1-5’ sequences. The Kimura 2-parameter model (1.000 replicates) was used to calculate divergence. The best supported and resolved dichotomies are highlighted. 63, using the same (as in the Fig. 62) 11 randomly selected sequences of species representing 11 genera of Tischeriidae; the families of host plants are shown to the right of the tree; 64, same, but omitting Rytietia uncinata sp. nov.; the distribution of species is shown to the right of the tree