Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas & Zhang, Dong, 2019, Taxonomic review of Gasterophilus (Oestridae, Gasterophilinae) of the world, with updated nomenclature, keys, biological notes, and distributions, ZooKeys 891, pp. 119-156 : 119

Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Figs 1 D–F , 4C, D , 7 D–F , 10B , 11 D–F , 14 D–F , 17 E–H ; Table 1

Oestrus haemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758: 584 (as “hæmorrhoidalis”). Type locality: not given, probably Sweden, Germany, and France (through reference to Fauna Svecica and unspecified works by Johann Leonhard Frisch and Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur).

Oestrus salutiferus Clark, 1816: 3. Type locality: England.

Oestrus duodenalis Schwab, 1840: 35. Type locality: Europe. Proposed in synonymy with Oestrus salutiferus Clark, 1816, made available from subsequent use as a valid name for a taxon by Gistel (1848: 153).

Gastrophilus pallens Bigot, 1884: 4. Type locality: Sudan, Suakin (as "Suakim? Soudan oriental").

Gasterophilus pseudohaemorrhoidalis Gedoelst, 1923: 272 (as " pseudo-haemorrhoïdalis "). Type locality: Eritrea, Asmara (as "Erythree: Asmara"); Republic of the Congo, Katanga Province, Biano (as "Katanga: Biano") and Zambia (as “Zambi”).

Oestrus hemorrhoidalis Clark, 1815: 71; incorrect subsequent spelling of haemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758.

Oestrus haemorrhoidales Clark, 1816: [1]; incorrect subsequent spelling of haemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758.

Oestrus hemorroidalis Guérin-Méneville, 1827: 96; incorrect subsequent spelling of haemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758.

Oestrus aemorrhoidalis Rondani, 1857: 21; incorrect subsequent spelling of haemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758.

Selected references.

Brauer (1863: 83); Zumpt (1965: 122); Grunin (1969: 40); Pont (1973: 698); James (1974: 97); Soós and Minář (1986: 238); Cogley (1991b); Xue and Wang (1996: 2209); Otranto et al. (2005); Colwell et al. (2006: 9); Colwell et al. (2007); Zhang et al. (2016); Li et al. (2018, 2019); Yan et al. (2019).

Diagnosis.

Facial plate bare. Wing completely hyaline. Distance between crossveins r-m and dm-cu at least twice as long as r-m. Meron with unmodified setae. Legs yellowish brown, with femora distinctly darkened; hind tarsus with long, strong and dense setae ventrolaterally. Abdomen ground color dark brown or black. Male cercus short and broad, length/width ratio equal or less than 1.0; surstylus yellow, with an abruptly swollen lobe near base and a rounded apex; surstylar setae short, reaching at most halfway to the sagittal plane; processi longi tubercular. Female sternite 8 longitudinally ridged in the middle and with a scallop-shaped apex.

Material examined.

CHINA - Inner Mongolia • 20♂♂, 11♀♀; Chifeng, Zhaowuda League, Right Banner; 20 May– 17 Sep. 1960; collector unknown; IOZ • 1♂; Ulanqab; Temurtei; 5 Jun. 1971; collector unknown; IOZ • 1♀; Xilingol League, Dongwu Banner; 24 Aug. 1971; collector unknown; IOZ. - Heilongjiang Prov. • 1♂; Anda; 26 Jul. 1965; collector unknown; IOZ • 1♀; Qiqihar; Fuyu County; 8 Aug. 1966; collector unknown; IOZ. - Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region • 1♂; Wusu; 2000 m; 11 Jun. 1971; IOZ • 1♀; Kalamaili; 3 Apr. 2011; D. Zhang leg.; MBFU • 1♂; Kalamaili; 6 May 2011; D. Zhang leg.; MBFU.

Hosts.

Burchell’s zebra ( E. quagga burchellii), domestic horse ( E. ferus caballus Linnaeus), donkey ( E. africanus asinus), Mongolian wild ass ( E. hemionus hemionus Pallas), Mountain zebra (E. ze bra Linnaeus), wild horse ( E. przewalskii Poliakov).

Distribution.

Afrotropical - Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Republic of the Congo, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia. Australasian - Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria), Hawaii, New Zealand, Tasmania. Nearctic - Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan), Mexico (no further data), USA (Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming). Neotropical - Argentina (no further data), Venezuela. Oriental - India. Palaearctic - Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Tibet, Xinjiang), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Malta, Mongolia, Morocco, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Russia (Tomsk, Transbaikal, Yakutsk, Yenisseisk), Slovak Republic, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, The Netherlands, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan.

Figures

Figure 1. Left lateral view of habitus (A, D, G), head and thorax (B, E, H), and head in frontal view (C, F, I) of male Gasterophilus species, modified from Li et al. (2019) A-C G. flavipes (Olivier); Morocco (in IOZ) D-F G. haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus); China (in MBFU) G-I G. inermis (Brauer); Germany (in NHMD). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D, G); 0.5 mm (B, C, E, F, H, I).

Figure 4. Dorsal view of habitus (A, C, E) and head and thorax (B, D, F) of male Gasterophilus species, modified from Li et al. (2019) A, B G. flavipes (Olivier) C, D G. haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus) E, F G. inermis (Brauer). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C-D, E); 0.5 mm (B, F).

Figure 7. Dorsal view (A, D, G) and left lateral view (B, E, H) of habitus, and head in frontal view (C, F, I) of female Gasterophilus species, modified from Li et al. (2019) A-C G. flavipes (Olivier); China (in MBFU) D-F G. haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus); China (in MBFU) G-I G. inermis (Brauer); Germany (in NHMD). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, D, E, G, H); 0.5 mm (C, F, I).

Figure 10. Wing of Gasterophilus species, with A-C modified from Li et al. (2019) A G. flavipes (Olivier) B G. haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus) C G. inermis (Brauer) D G. intestinalis E G. meridionalis (Pillers & Evans) F G. nasalis (Linnaeus) G G. nigricornis (Loew) H G. pecorum (Fabricius) I G. ternicinctus Gedoelst. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-C); 1 mm (D-I).

Figure 11. Anterior (A, D, G), left lateral (B, E, H) and posterior view (C, F, I) of male terminalia of Gasterophilus species, modified from Li et al. (2019) A-C G. flavipes (Olivier) D-F G. haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus) G-I G. inermis (Brauer). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-I). The dotted line in C and F indicates the sagittal plane. Abbreviations: cer, cercus; ph, phallus; pog, postgonite; pr l, processi longi; sur, sustylus.

Figure 14. Dorsal (A, D, G), left lateral (B, E, H) and ventral (C, F, I) view of female genitalia of Gasterophilus species, modified from Li et al. (2019) A-C G. flavipes (Olivier) D-F G. haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus) G-I G. inermis (Brauer). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-C); 1 mm (D-I). Abbreviations: cer, cercus; epi, epiproct; sg 7, segment 7; sl, stalk-like pedicel; st 8, sternite 8; tg 8, tergite 8.

Figure 17. Right lateral (A, E, I, M) and ventral (B, F, J, N) view, micropyle (C, G, K, O) and ultrastructural details of plastron (D, H, L, P) of eggs in Gasterophilus species A-D G. flavipes (Olivier) E-H G. haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus) I-L G. inermis (Brauer) M-P G. intestinalis. Abbreviations: api, apical; dor, dorsal; ven, ventral. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, I-J, M, - N), 50 μm (in box of B), 100 μm (in box of I); 20 μm (C); 5 μm (D); 250 μm (E, F), 20 μm (in box of F); 50 μm (G, O); 25 μm (H); 10 μm (K, L, P).