Xanthopimpla stemmator (Thunberg, 1822)

Watanabe, Kyohei & Matsumoto, Rikio, 2021, Revision of the genus Xanthopimpla Saussure, 1892 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from Japan, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (2), pp. 269-297 : 269

Xanthopimpla stemmator (Thunberg, 1822)

Figs 2E , 3E , 4K , 5L

Ichneumon stemmator Thunberg, 1822: 262.

Pimpla integrata Smith, 1860: 140. Synonymised by Townes et al. (1961).

Xanthopimpla thoracalis Krieger, 1899: 95. Synonymised by Krieger (1915).

Xanthopimpla maculifrons Cameron, 1903: 138; Townes et al. 1961: 59. Synonymised by Townes and Chiu (1970).

Xanthopimpla bimaculata Cameron, 1906: 116. Synonymised by Roman (1913).

Xanthopimpla nursei Cameron, 1907b: 592; Matsumura and Uchida 1926: 75. Synonymised by Krieger (1915).

Xanthopimpla maculifrons Cameron, 1907b: 591. Name preoccupied. Synonymised by Krieger (1915).

Xanthopimpla facialis Szépligeti, 1908: 256. Synonymised by Krieger (1915).

Xanthopimpla stemmator var. confluens Krieger, 1914: 27. Synonymised by Townes et al. (1961).

Xanthopimpla stemmator var. doleschali Krieger, 1915: 34. Synonymised by Townes and Chiu (1970).

Xanthopimpla transfuga Krieger, 1915: 38; Townes et al. 1961: 70. Synonymised by Townes and Chiu (1970).

Habropimpla sesamiae Rao, 1953: 166. Synonymised by Townes et al. (1961).

Xanthopimpla sesamiae : Townes et al. 1961: 67.

Xanthopimpla stemmator : Uchida 1928: 64; Ishii 1932: 409; Townes et al. 1961: 68; Townes et al. 1965: 63; Townes and Chiu 1970: 108; Momoi 1970: 335; Watanabe 2011: 17.

Comparative diagnosis.

This species belongs to the Xanthopimpla stemmator species group sensu Townes and Chiu (1970). This species can be distinguished from other species of the group by the following combination of character states: dorsal part of occiput with two black spots (Fig. 3E ); hind tibia with 9-11 preapical bristles (Fig. 5L ); propodeum and metasomal tergites each with two black spots (except for T VI entirely yellow) (Fig. 2E ); ovipositor sheath 1.1 × length of hind tibia.

Materials examined.

Japan: [Ryukyu Isls.] 1 M, Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki Is., Yoshihara, 17 Sep 1967 , K. Mizusawa leg. (TUA); 1 F & 1 M, Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki Is., Yonehara, 28 Aug 1978 , T. Nambu leg. (KPMNH); 1 M, Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki Is., Takeda, 24 Jun 1972 , S. Yamaguchi & T. Aoki leg. (NIAES); 1 M, Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki Is., Banna, 22 Oct 1981 , K. Konishi leg. (NIAES); 1 M, ditto, 30 Nov 1993 , R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 M, Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki Is., Maise-dake, 8 Jul 2007 , R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki Is., Mt. Omoto-dake , 2 Nov 1988 , K. Nakamine leg. (NIAES); 1 M, ditto, 30 Mar 1982 , E. Nishida leg. (OMNH); 1 M, ditto, 11 May 1999 , R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 M, Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki Is., Fusaki, 11 May 1999 , R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Iriomote Is., Funaura, 22 Mar 1971, Y. Uemura leg. (NIAES); 1 F, ditto, 22 Aug 1978 , T. Nambu leg. (KPMNH); 1 M, ditto, 3 May 1980 , E. Nishida leg. (OMNH); 1 F, ditto, 24 Mar 1982 (OMNH) ; 1 M, ditto, 11 May 2008 , T. Mita leg. (KPMNH); 1 M, Okinawa Pref., Iriomote Is., Sonai, 13 Apr 1978 , E. Nishida leg. (OMNH); 1 M & 2 F, Okinawa Pref., Iriomote Is., Komi, 21 Nov 1980 , E. Nishida leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Iriomote Is., Funaura, Ohara, 13 Aug 1972, T. Nambu leg. (KPMNH); 1 M, Iriomote Is., Funaura, Uehara, 27 May 1975, Y. Yoshiyasu leg. (SEHU); 1 M, ditto, 9 May 2008 , K. Watanabe leg. (KPMNH); 1 F, Otomi-rindo, 5 Sep 2006, H. Katahira leg. (KPMNH); 1 M & 2 F, Okinawa Pref., Hateruma Is., 6 Aug 1995 , R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH). Taiwan: 1 M, Chiayi, Chuchi, 21 Jul 1966 , T. Tano leg. (KPMNH); 1 F (det. Townes & Chiu), ditto, 20 Jul 1968 , K. H. Chang leg. (TARI); 1 M, Liugui, Kaohsiung, 30 Apr 2015 , S. Fujie leg. (KPMNH).

Distribution.

Japan (Ishigaki Is., Iriomote Is. and Hateruma Is.). Outside Japan, this species has been recorded from China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Mauritius, Pakistan, Philippines, Reunion, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam ( Yu et al. 2016).

Bionomics.

In Japan, adults were collected in March, May to November. In Iriomote Is., the first author collected this species in the open forests around crop fields of sugar cane. Uchida (1928) recorded a host, Scirpophaga nivella (Fabricius, 1794) ( Lepidoptera , Crambidae ), based on material(s) from Japan and/or Taiwan. Outside Japan, many pests of crop and paddy fields have been recorded (e.g. Townes and Chiu 1970).

Remarks.

This is the first record of this species from Hateruma Is. In Japan, distribution of this species is restricted to Yaeyama Islands of Ryukyus.

Figures

Figure 2. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, B. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; C. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); D. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); E. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); F. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; G. X. trias Townes & Chiu, 1970; H, I. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. A, C-H. dorsal habitus; B. mesoscutum, dorsal view; I. propodeum and T I, dorsal view.

Figure 3. Japanese Xanthopimpla A, H. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B, J. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; C. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); D, K, N, P. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; E. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); F, L. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; G, M. X. yoshimurai sp. nov.; I. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; O. X. naenia Morley, 1913 (D, F, G, K-M, P. holotype; N. paratype) - A, B. head, frontal view; C-G. head, dorsal view; H, I. mesonotum, dorsal view; J-M. scutellum, lateral view; N. mesosternum, ventral view; O, P. areolet of right wing.

Figure 4. Propodeum of Japanese Xanthopimpla, dorsal view A. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B. X. flavolineata Cameron, 1907; C. X. honorata honorata (Cameron, 1899); D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; F. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); G. X. naenia Morley, 1913; H. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; I. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); J. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); K. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); L. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; M. X. trias Townes & Chiu, 1970; N. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. (H, L, N. holotype).

Figure 5. Japanese Xanthopimpla - A. X. clavata Krieger, 1914; B. X. flavolineata Cameron, 1907; C. X. honorata honorata (Cameron, 1899); D. X. konowi Krieger, 1899; E. X. minuta Cameron, 1905; F. X. modesta modesta (Smith, 1860); G, H. X. naenia Morley, 1913; I, P. X. nipponensis sp. nov.; J. X. pedator (Fabricius, 1775); K. X. punctata (Fabricius, 1781); L. X. stemmator (Thunberg, 1822); M, Q. X. sylvicola sp. nov.; N. X. trias Townes & Chiu, 1970; O, R. X. yoshimurai sp. nov. (I, M, O-R. holotype) A-O. left hind leg, lateral view; P-R. left hind tarsal claw, lateral view.