Cedrelinga Ducke, Arch. J. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 70. 1922.

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Cedrelinga Ducke, Arch. J. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 70. 1922.

Figs 241 , 242 , 243

Type.

Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke [≡ Piptadenia cateniformis Ducke]

Phylogenomic studies support Cedrelinga Ducke as related to other genera of the Ingoid clade but its phylogenetic position is not fully resolved as it appears in a mostly isolated position in a polytomy including the genus Pseudosamanea Harms and the Samanea , Jupunba , Inga and Albizia clades ( Koenen et al. 2020a; Ringelberg et al. 2022; Fig. 241 ).

Description.

Unarmed emergent trees, 25-60 (65) m, to 2.5 m diameter, the trunk reddish with a rugous and striated bark, buttressed at base. Stipules absent. Leaves bipinnate, foliar glands at or near the insertion of each pair of pinnae and on the pinnae between the insertion of leaflets; pinnae 2-4 pairs, opposite; leaflets 3-4 pairs per pinna, opposite, elliptical with acute or acuminate apex, pinnately veined, glabrous. Inflorescences 8-20 flowered hemispherical capitula, grouped in terminal panicles or pseudoracemes; bracts ovate or obovate-spatulate, puberulent, persistent. Flowers 5-merous, greenish-white, glabrous except for ciliate calyx-teeth, and sometimes papillate on corolla lobe tips; calyx gamosepalous, short-campanulate; corolla gamopetalous with ovate lobes; stamens 24-30, greenish-white, united to the middle; intrastaminal disc absent; pollen in 16-celled acalymmate polyads, each pollen grain 6-porate with a finely reticulate surface; ovary shortly stipitate, ellipsoid, abruptly conic at apex, style a little longer than stamens. Fruits pendulous, indehiscent, lomentiform, linear but with deeply constricted margins forming 2-5 (6) oblong-elliptic, plano-compressed and one-seeded articles, twisted through ± 90° at each isthmus, but plane and straight between them; valves brownish, glabrous, sinuously venulose, separating through the transverse fission of the isthmus and dispersed individually. Seeds disciform.

Chromosome number.

Unknown.

Included species and geographic distribution.

Monospecific ( C. cateniformis ), across equatorial latitudes of the Amazon delta region, reaching the main tributary rivers in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela and near the Andes in Peru ( Barneby and Grimes 1996, Lewis and Rico Arce 2005; Fig. 243 ).

Ecology.

Wet or seasonally dry primary forests, especially along streams.

Etymology.

The name Cedrelinga refers to the similarity of its trunk with that of Cedrela fissilis Vell. and C. odorata L. ( ‘cedro’ in Brazilian Portuguese, family Meliaceae ) and the Tupi ‘ingá’, which is an indigenous name for several South American species of rainforest mimosoid legume genera.

Human uses.

Cedrelinga cateniformis can be used as timber, in construction, carpentry, as paper and cellulose, and in agroforestry, due to its rapid seedling development and association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Loureiro et al. 1979; Baluarte and Alvarez 2015). It is reported as a medicine but without information on which part of the plant is used (Lewis and Rico Arce 2005). It is known by the vernacular names “chuncho” (Ecuador), “cedrorana” (Brazil, literally fake cedar in Tupi language), “iacaiacá” (Brazil), “cachicana”, “mure”, “guaura” (Venezuela), “don-ceder” (Suriname), “huayracaspi” and “tornillo” (Peru) ( Ducke 1949).

Notes.

When describing Cedrelinga , Ducke (1922) considered it to be related to the broadly circumscribed Pithecellobium Mart. Cedrelinga was included in tribe Ingeae ( Nielsen 1981a), but Barneby and Grimes (1996) remarked that it had no obvious relatives within that tribe. Cedrelinga is one of the tallest trees and with the widest trunk diameters among Amazonian arborescent species. Despite being a large tree, it normally has a small crown and during fruiting it can be easily spotted due to the large number of pendulous fruits (usually one fruit per capitulum). The mature fruits are dry when articles break off and are dispersed by the wind. The wood of C. cateniformis has a spongy appearance due to the width of its vessels, having low density and when wet it has an unpleasant odour (Ducke 1915, 1922, 1949; Barneby and Grimes 1996).

Taxonomic references.

Barneby and Grimes (1996); da Silva et al. (1992); Ducke (1915, 1922, 1949); Lewis and Rico Arce (2005); Nielsen (1981a).

Figures

Figure 6. Generic relationships in tribe Ceratonieae. Left part of figure shows complete genus-level Caesalpinioideae phylogeny with the Ceratonieae indicated with a red rectangle. Branch lengths are expressed in coalescent units and terminal branches were assigned an arbitrary uniform length for visual clarity. Support for relationships is based on fractions of supporting and conflicting gene trees: pie charts show gene tree support and conflict per node (blue representing supporting gene trees, green gene trees supporting the most common alternative topology, red gene trees supporting further alternative topologies, grey gene trees uninformative for this node), and numbers above pie charts are Internode Certainty All support values [both calculated with PhyParts (Smith et al. 2015)]. If present, red numbers below pie charts are non-significant (i. e.> 0.05) outcomes of ASTRAL's polytomy test (Sayyari and Mirarab 2018), which tests for each node whether the polytomy null model can be rejected. Monophyletic genera are represented by single branches; see Suppl. material 2 for a phylogeny with all accessions. See Suppl. material 3 for gene tree support across the phylogeny. The phylogeny is a pruned version of the backbone phylogeny of Ringelberg et al. (2023), where full details of the data and phylogenomic analysis methods are presented.

Figure 241. Phylogenetic position of Cedrelinga and Pseudosamanea in tribe Mimoseae. For description of phylogeny and support values, see Fig. 6 caption (page 63).

Figure 242. Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke, the only species in the genus A tree in a natural park environment in Guyana B trunk showing the rough and striate bark C flowering branch with foliage and inflorescences D extrafloral nectaries at the point of insertion on the leaflets (arrowheads) E flowers grouped into hemispherical capitula F loment, showing the articles rotated between them G separate mature articles. Photo credits A, B, F © S Sebastien Sant / Parc amazonien de Guyane (Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke, 1922 - Description, detailed sheet (mnhn. fr) C, D, E unknown-BIOWEB (Galeria Bioweb Ecuador) G RB Foster © Field Museum of Natural History - CC BY-NC 4.0 (Cedrelinga cateniformis | Fotos de Campo | The Field Museum).

Figure 243. Distribution of Cedrelinga based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.