Orius (Orius) laevigatus laevigatus (Fieber, 1860)

Moulet, Pierre, 2017, Updated catalogue of Iranian Anthocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha), Zootaxa 4311 (4), pp. 451-479 : 465-466

Orius (Orius) laevigatus laevigatus (Fieber, 1860)

Triphleps laevigatus Fieber, 1860: 270 (as new species); Triphleps obscurus Douglas & Scott, 1865: 503 non Hahn, 1831; Orius laevigatus cyprius Wagner, 1952: 35 ; Orius laevigatus inaequalis Wagner, 1952: 35 ; Orius (Heterorius) luridus Wagner, 1954: 225 .

Note. The names Triphleps niger var. rufitibia Rey , Triphleps peregrinus Reuter are nominis nuda.

Distribution in Iran. Ardabil, Guilan, Hormozgan, Mazanadaran (Erfanfar 2014), Fars (Ostovan & Niakan 2000; Erfanfar & Ostovan 2002; Ostovan & Mirhelli 2005; Falamarzi et al. 2009; Farzaneh et al. 2010a, b, 2011; Erfanfar 2014; Ostovan et al. 2015), Golestan (Ghahari et al. 2011), Ilam (Mirab-Balou 2016), Khuzestan (Sepahvand et al. 2016; Rajabpour 2011; Rajabpour et al. 2012), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad (Davari et al. 2015), Lorestan (Sepahvand et al. 2014, 2016), Northern Khorasan (Linnavuori & Modarres Awal 1998), Yazd (Hassanzadeh et al. 2013; Zare Khormizi et al. 2013), Iran (no exact locality cited) (Ostovan 2004; Erfanfar et al. 2014).

General distribution. Central and Mediterranean Europe, north Africa , Near East, Caucasus, Central Asia, Arabic peninsula (incl. Yemen) ; known in UAE and Pakistan.

Plant associates. Alfalfa (Farzaneh et al. 2010b; Hassanzadeh et al. 2013), cotton field (Ghahari et al. 2011), sorghum, sunflower (Hassanzadeh et al. 2013), Convolvulus arvensis (Convolvulaceae) , Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) , Medicago sativa (Fabaceae) , Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae) , Rosa carnica (Rosaceae) , Rubus sp.

( Rosaceae ) (Falamarzi et al. 2009), Acacia salicina (Fabaceae) , Gaillardia grandiflora (Asteraceae) , Medicago sp. ( Fabaceae ), Rosa sp. ( Rosaceae ), Tagetes sp. ( Asteraceae ) (Ostovan et al. 2015); on many herbs and schrubs, Achillea sp. ( Asteraceae ), Ulex sp. ( Fabaceae ), Erica sp. ( Ericaceae ), Tamarix sp. ( Tamaricaceae ) (Péricart 1972); also collected on Ficus (Moraceae) , Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae) , Lycium (Solanaceae) , Withania (Solanaceae) , Rhamnus (Rhamnaceae) , Spartium (Fabaceae) and Thymelea (Thymelaceae) (Carapezza et al. 2014).

Prey records. Haplothrips reuteri (Karny, 1907) , ( Thysanoptera : Phlaeothripidae ), Tenothrips discolor (Karny, 1907) , Thrips tabaci Lindeman 1889 ( Thysanoptera : Thripidae ) (Falamarzi et al. 2009), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande ( Thysanoptera : Thripidae ) (Gholami & Sadeghi 2016), Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel) ( Thysanoptera : Thripidae ) (Mirab-Balou 2016); Rhopalosiphum maidis ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ), Metatetranychus ulmi , Eotetranychus cucurbitaceorum (Acari: Tetranychidae ), Spodoptera litura ( Lepidoptera : Noctuidae ) (Péricart 1972).

Comments. The theoretical better life conditions for O. laevigatus laevigatus are at 26°C; the species has been collected by light traps and, less frequently, in water pan traps (Carapezza et al. 2014).