Ophiomyia Braschnikov
Ophiomyia
Braschnikov, 1897: 40 [as subgenus of
Agromyza
]. Type species:
Agromyza maura
Meigen, 1838 [misidentified as curvipalpis Zetterstedt], by monotypy. Hendel 1920: 114 [as genus]; Frick 1952a: 375; Spencer 1964: 775, 1969: 81; Spencer and Steyskal 1986b: 37; Černý 1994: 455; Lonsdale 2014: 486.
Tylomyza
Hendel, 1931: 181 [as subgenus of
Ophiomyia
]. Type species:
Madiza pinguis
Fallén, 1820, by original designation. Enderlein 1936a: 179 [as genus]. Syn. Spencer (1964 a).
Stiropomyza
Enderlein, 1936a: 179. Type species:
Phytomyza aeneonitens
Strobl, 1893, by monotypy. Syn. Frick (1952a) [not explicit].
Siphonomyza
Enderlein, 1936a: 179. Type species:
Agromyza proboscidea
Strobl, 1900, by monotypy. Syn. Frick (1952a) [not explicit].
Aulomyza
Enderlein, 1936a: 179. Type species:
Melanagromyza longilingua
Hendel, 1920, by monotypy. Frick 1952a: 375 [as synonym of
Melanagromyza
]. Syn Spencer (1966 a) [as synonym of
Ophiomyia
].
Siridomyza
Enderlein, 1936a: 179. Type species:
Ophiomyia madizina
Hendel, 1920 [=
A. nasuta
Melander], by monotypy. Syn. Frick (1952a) [as synonym of
Tylomyza
, not explicit].
Solenomyza
Enderlein, 1936a: 179. Type species:
Melanagromyza rostrata
Hendel, 1920, by monotypy. Frick 1952a: 375 [as synonym of
Melanagromyza
]. Syn Spencer (1966 a) [as synonym of
Ophiomyia
].
Stirops
Enderlein, 1936a: 179 [nomen nudum - no type species designated].
Stirops
Enderlein, 1936b: 42 [attributed to Enderlein 1936a]. Type species:
Ophiomyia submaura
Hering, 1926, by original designation [ Enderlein 1936b: 42]. Syn. Frick (1952a) [not explicit].
Triopisopa
Enderlein, 1936a: 179 [nomen nudum - no type species designated].
Triopisopa
Enderlein, 1936b: 42. Type species:
Agromyza simplex
Loew, 1869, by original designation. Frick 1952a: 375 [as synonym of
Melanagromyza
]. Syn. Spencer (1966 a) [as synonym of
Ophiomyia
].
Hexomyza
Enderlein, 1936a: 179 [nomen nudum - no type designation].
Hexomyza
Enderlein, 1936b: 42 [attributed to Enderlein (1936a)]. Type species:
Melanagromyza sarothamni
Hendel, 1923, by original designation. Hendel 1936: 570 [as synonym of
Melanagromyza
- followed by Frick (1952a)]; Spencer 1966 a: 38, 1969: 79; Spencer and Steyskal 1986b: 34. Syn. Lonsdale (2014).
Carinagromyza
Sasakawa, 1954: 23. Type species:
Carinagromyza heringi
Sasakawa, 1954 [=
Ophiomyia sasakawai
Spencer and Martinez 1987], by original designation. Spencer and Martinez 1987 [synonymy].
Penetagromyza
Spencer, 1959: 253. Type species:
Penetagromyza aloes
Spencer, 1959, by original designation. Spencer 1990: 390, 1991: 57. Syn. Lonsdale (2014).
Kleinschmidtimyia
Spencer, 1986: Spencer, 1986: 249. Type species:
Melanagromyza pisi
Kleinschmidt, 1961, by original designation. Spencer 1990: 391. Syn. Lonsdale (2014).
Ophiomyia
is a diverse, widespread genus sometimes mistaken for other
Agromyzinae
such as
Melanagromyza
and
Euhexomyza
, but many species exhibit unusual diagnostic external features and varied male genitalic morphology. All examined Nearctic species and virtually all global species, can be diagnosed by an apically truncated clypeus, as discussed in Lonsdale (2014). While the clypeus may sometimes be bulging or broadly rounded, the anterolateral margins are angulate, not rounded. The clypeus is usually also very thin and elongate, with the arms frequently bowed outwards, being particularly pronounced in those species with an anteriorly produced gena. Although several
Melanagromyza
such as
M. buccalis
and the new species
M. glyptos
approach the derived state seen in
Ophiomyia
, their relationship with the rest of
Melanagromyza
is revealed by dorsally pilose eyes, ventrolateral tubules on the distiphallus and a symmetrical basiphallus.
Other useful diagnostic characters of
Ophiomyia
are as follows: if present, there is only a single posteromedial seta on the mid tibia (usually two in other
Agromyzinae
); the calypter is usually brown marginally (white in most other
Agromyzinae
); there is usually a medial vertical carina separating the antennal bases and the centre of this carina usually also has a medial swelling that is spindle-shaped to subspherical. The gena is also often produced anteriorly, at least slightly, and can be strongly produced with an apical fasciculus. This fasciculus is an aggregation of multiplicated vibrissae that are variably fused to produce a “horn”. In many species, the inner lobe of the hypandrium is differentiated into two distinct sclerites (but see
O. simplex
): a setulose, arched sclerite (also found in
Melanagromyza
and
Euhexomyza
) and a flat subovate sclerite. The proepiphallus is also expanded laterally to form one pair of upcurved, strongly pigmented lobes (plate-like in
O. simplex
), the metepiphallus usually has one pair of ventromedial spines (not multiple spines, as is characteristic of most
Melanagromyza
), and the sclerites of the basiphallus are usually fused basally with the left sclerite atrophied. Lastly, the distiphallus is usually somewhat asymmetric, being slightly twisted sinistrally, and there are no paired ventrolateral tubules (characteristic of
Melanagromyza
).
