Griffinia concinna (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Ravenna (1971: 84)

Campos-Rocha, Antonio, Meerow, Alan William, Semir, João & Dutilh, Julie Henriette Antoinette, 2017, A new species of Griffinia (Amaryllidaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil, and reassessment of Griffinia concinna, Phytotaxa 327 (2), pp. 175-183 : 181

Griffinia concinna (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Ravenna (1971: 84)

≡ Crinum concinnum Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f. (1830: 857)

Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “Habitat in campis montanis prope Villa Ricca”, April 1818, C.P.F. Martius s.n. (holotype M [barcode] M-0243801!).

Description:—Bulbiferous, geophytic perennial herb. Bulb 4–6.5 cm long, 3.8–6.4 cm diameter, globose to subglobose, white, covered with brown colored tunic; bulb neck 2–8.5 cm long. Leaves 1–5(–7) pseudopetiolate, pseudopetiole 12–28 × 1–2 cm, green, often vinaceous in the lower half, flat on the adaxial side, rounded on the abaxial; lamina up to 45 × 9–12 cm, dark green on the adaxial side, light green on the abaxial, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, apex acute, base attenuate, both often asymmetric, margin slightly revolute, with a projecting midrib on the abaxial surface. Inflorescence with 7–14 flowers; scape 16–42 cm long, 0.8–1.8 cm diameter, green and vinaceous at the base, erect, solid, two-edged; spathe of 2 bracts, 3.5–6 × 1.2–2 cm, greenish, sometimes with reddish pigmentation, hyaline at margin, free to the base, lanceolate; bracteoles numerous, lanceolate to subulate. Pedicels 0.7–5.5 cm long, green, obtusely triangular in cross section, elongating as fruit matures. Perigone 5.5–10.5 cm long, zygomorphic, lilac distally, white at the throat, frequently with a white longitudinal stripe on the lateral sepals; hypanthium tube 2–4.5 cm long, lilac to rose-colored. Sepals oblanceolate to narrowly oblong, with a subapical adaxial apiculum, 0.35–1.2 cm long; upper sepal curved upwards, 3.5–6.2 × 0.7–1.2 cm; lateral sepals 3.5–6.2 × 0.7–1 cm; petals oblanceolate, apiculum inconspicuous, <2 mm long; lateral petals 3.4–6.2 × 0.65–1.1 cm, curved upward; lower petal 3.5–6.4 × 0.35–1 cm, deflexed downward. Stamens 6, 5 declinate, 1 upper episepal erect-ascending. Filaments white proximally, lilac distally, shorter than the perigone, upper episepal 2–5.5 cm long, lateral episepal 2.4–5.4 cm long, lateral epipetal 1.5–4.7 cm long, lower epipetal 1.4–4.5 cm long; anthers 2.5–4.5 mm long, lilac, oblong-reniform; pollen gray. Style 3.2–6.2 cm long, white, sometimes lilac distally; stigma punctate, white or lilac. Ovary 0.5–1 cm long, 0.4–0.7 cm diameter, lilac to rose-colored, oblong-elipsoid; ovules 2–4 per locule, 2–2.5 mm long. Capsules 3–4 cm long, 3.5– 5 cm diameter, green, ovoid to ovoid-compressed, trilobed. Seeds 1.8–2.4 cm long, 1.8–2.5 cm diameter, whitish, globose, with conspicuous projecting elaiosome.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Alegre, São João do Norte, PCH Santa Fé , 17 March 2009, L. Kollmann, A.P. Fontana, V. Manhaes & D. Couto 11497 ( MBML!) ; Atílio Vivacqua, Flecheira , mais ou menos 100 m, 10 March 1972, D. Sucre 8614 ( RB!) ; Moitão, 700 m, 25 April 2007, L. Kollmann, A.P. Fontana & K. Brahim 9705 ( MBML!). Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, Burarama - Barra Alegre , Pedra do Fio , 16 March 2008, G.R. de Souza 04 ( VIES!) ; Burarama - Barra Alegre, Pedra do Fio , 20 April 2008, G.R. de Souza 31 ( VIES!) ; Itapemirim, Fazenda do Ouvidor, Usina Paineiras , porção oeste do fragmento de 600 ha, acesso pela Rodovia ES-490, Floresta Estacional em estágio avançado de regeneração, 20–90 m, 15 March 2008, A.M. Assis, V.G. Demuner & K.F.O. Faria 1466 ( MBML!). Rio de Janeiro: Carmo (margem do Paquequer), s.d., Neves Armond 127 (R!) ; ibidem, s.d., Neves Armond 128 (R!); Cantagalo, Fazenda Largo da Batalha, propr. José Regino , floresta estacional semi-decídua em área pantanosa sobre matacões de pedra, 16 April 2009, R. Borges, G.P. Neder & L.R. Freire 940 ( RB!) ; Italva , 28 February 2014, A. Campos-Rocha 1444 ( UEC!) ; Serra da Prata, em área de mata de encosta seca (semidecídua), em cultivo no Jardim Botânico Plantarum , Nova Odessa, SP, 9 March 2012, H. Lorenzi 7152 ( HPL!) ; Santa Maria Madalena Santo Antonio de Imbé ( Furquilha ), April 1932, Brade & Santos Lima 11572 (R!) ; São Pedro da Aldeia, Serra da Sapiatuba , na face norte, ca. 200 m, February 2013, I.G. Costa 213 ( RB!) .

Distribution and habitat:—The species occurs from northern Rio de Janeiro to southern Espírito Santo ( Fig. 3 ). Other than the type collection, it was never recollected in Minas Gerais. It inhabits shady, rocky, and more humid locations of deciduous to semideciduous forest, generally near streams.

Phenology:— Griffinia concinna was collected in flower from February to April, and with fruit in April.

Taxonomic relationships:—This species was described in the 19th century as Crinum concinnum and its type material consists of a single inflorescence, without bulb or leaves, collected at Vila Rica locality, currently Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. In the early 1970s Ravenna (1971) proposed the combination in Griffinia on account of the lilac flowers and ascending episepalous stamen. Preuss (1999a, 1999b), in the most recent taxonomic treatment of Griffinia , considered doubtful the inclusion of this species in the genus, due to its subsessile flower with long and slender hypanthium tube. The author suggested that the species belonged to genus Crinum subg. Codonocrinum Baker (1881: 763) , and was probably introduced. Here we consider the binomial G. concinna as a valid species of Griffinia subg. Griffinia , and distinct from G. hyacinthina , i.e. the type species of the genus, to which it most closely resembles. Both species can be distinguished by the length of the tube, which in G. concinna is between 1/2 to 1/3 of the length of the perigone (vs. 1/4–1/ 5 in G. hyacinthina ). While G. concinna occurs in deciduous to semideciduous forest, G. hyacinthina is restricted to coastal Atlantic Rain Forest in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. In addition to the environmental and morphological differences, chromosomal differences were also found ( Engel 2014).

Figures

FIGURE 3. Distribution map showing collections of Griffinia capixabae (black triangles), and G. concinna (white circles).