Lophocateres Olliff, 1883

Kolibac, Jiri, 2013, Trogossitidae: A review of the beetle family, with a catalogue and keys, ZooKeys 366, pp. 1-194 : 129-130

Genus Lophocateres Olliff, 1883 Figs 2 , 12 , 18 ; Map 13

Lophocateres Olliff, A. S. 1883c: 180.

Type species.

Lophocateres nanus Olliff, 1883 [by monotypy] (= Lophocateres pusillus Klug, 1833)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 27. Barron, J. R. 1971: 42. Crowson, R. A. 1964a: 299. Kolibáč, J. 2005: 67 (redescription). Kolibáč, J. 2006: 111 (phylogeny). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 366. Kolibáč, J. 2010: 35 (key). Lafer, G. Sh. 1992: 84. Larsson, S. G. 1978: 150 (fossil, Baltic amber). Spahr, U. 1981: 74 (amber and copal fossils)

Description.

Body size: about 2.5-4.0 mm. Body shape flat. Gular sutures wide, convergent at apex. Frontoclypeal suture broadly emarginate. Frons: longitudinal groove or depression absent. Cranium ventrally: tufts of long setae at sides absent. Submentum: ctenidium absent. Antennal groove present. Eyes: size large, lateral. Eyes number: two. Epicranial acumination moderate. Lacinial hooks: three. Galea: shape sub-clavate. Galea: ciliate setae absent. Mediostipes-Lacinia not fused. Palpifer: outer edge even. Mandibular apical teeth number: two, horizontally situated. Mola present. Penicillus (at base) present (fine, often membranous). Pubescence above mola or cutting edge present. Ventral furrow absent. Basal notch moderate. Labrum-Cranium not fused. Epipharyngial sclerite absent. Lateral tormal process: projection projection curved upwards ( Colydiopeltis ). Ligula: ciliate setae absent. Ligula membranous, not retroflexed, weakly emarginate. Hypopharyngeal sclerite consisting of two separate parts. Antenna 11-segmented. Antennal club weakly asymmetrical, sensorial fields absent. Front coxal cavities externally open, internally open. Pronotum transverse. Prepectus present. Middle coxal cavities open. Elytra: long hairs absent. Epipleuron moderate. Elytral interlocking mechanism absent, carinae conspicuous. Elytral punctation regular, scales absent. Wing: radial cell moved down, often small, wedge cell absent, cross vein MP3-4 absent, cross vein AA1+2-3+4 absent. Front tibiae: spines along side moderate. Hooked spur present. Claws: denticle absent. Parasternites number along ventrites III-VII: one. Spiculum gastrale absent. Tegmen composed of three parts. Coxitae undivided.

Larva: Frontal arms V-shaped. Epicranial stem absent. Endocarina present. Gular sutures conspicuous, convergent. Gula: anterior apodemes absent. Paragular sclerites absent. Hypostomal rods absent. Stemmata number: two. Mandibular apical teeth number: two, horizontally situated. Lacinia mandibulae plumose. Mola absent. Maxillary palpi 3-segmented. Palpifer present. Pedunculate seta absent. Mala simple. Mala: bidentate protrusion absent. Cardo-Stipes not fused. Cardo: size nearly as large as stipes. Ligula present. Labial palpi 2-segmented. Prementum in single part, anterior margin even. Torma H-shaped. Antennal joints 1, 2 transverse. Sensory appendix larger than half of joint 3. Thoracic sclerites pattern (dorsally) 0+0+0. Thoracic sclerites pattern (ventrally) 2+0+0. Trochanter triangular. Abdominal segment IX transversely divided. Tergite IX flat. Urogomphi present, hooked; median process present.

Biology.

Lophocateres pusillus lives in storage facilities (warehouses, stores, barns, larders) and feeds on grains. The biology of wild populations is unknown.

Distribution.

Lophocateres pusillus is cosmopolitan, although the centre of its distribution, is in south-eastern Asia. The species Lophocateres gounellei is probably a misidentification or a synonym of Lophocateres pusillus . Some new species are known to me from Malaysia.

Species:

Lophocateres gounellei Léveillé, 1905; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 27

Note: dubious species - probably synonym of Lophocateres pusillus or different genus.

Lophocateres pilosus Olliff, 1883; Malaysia: Penang (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 27

Lophocateres pusillus Klug, 1833; cosmopolitan (origin in SE Asia) (varA)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 27 (syn. Lophocateres africanus Motschulsky, 1863); Algeria (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 27 (as Lophocateres nanus Olliff, 1883); Borneo (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 27 (syn. Lophocateres yvani Allibert, 1847). Bahillo de la Puebla, P. & López-Colón, J. I. 2004: 129. Barron, J. R. 1971: 43 (syn. Lophocateres nanus Olliff, 1883). Barron, J. R. 1971: 43 (syn. Peltis africanus Motschulsky, 1863). Barron, J. R. 1971: 43 (syn. Peltis yvani Allibert, 1847). Borowiec, L. 1983: 14. Burakowski, B. et al. 1986: 119. Chang, T-C. & Liu, T.-Y. 1981: 116 (biology). Ghosh, S. & Haldar, D. P. 1989: 49 (biology). Ghosh, S. & Saha, K. 1992a: 181 (biology). Ghosh, S. & Saha, K. 1992b: 613 (biology). Ghosh, S. & Saha, K. 1995: 207 (biology). Halstead, D. G. H. 1968: 197 (biology). Klausnitzer, B. 1976: 7. Klausnitzer, B. 1978: 177. Klausnitzer, B. 1996: 163 (larva). Kolibáč, J. 1993a: 21. Kolibáč, J. 1999b: 12. Kolibáč, J. 2005: 67 (redescription). Kolibáč, J. 2006: 107 (larva). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 366 (distribution). Lafer, G. Sh. 1992: 86. Nakane, T. et al. 1963: 182. Vogt, H. 1967: 16. Reitter, E. 1876: 63 ( Ostoma yvani )

Figures

Figure 2. Larval morphology: A Tenebroides " fuscus ", dorsal surface B Tenebroides " fuscus ", mandible ventrally C Lophocateres pusillus, mandible ventrally D Tenebroides " fuscus ", head ventrally E-F Peltis ferruginea, head capsule (E dorsally F ventrally) G Ancyrona diversa (1 dorsally 2 ventrally) H Peltis ferruginea (1 dorsally 2 ventrally).

Figure 12. A Grynocharis oblonga B Grynocharina peltiformis C Lophocateres pusillus D Promanus auripilis E Promanus subcostatus F Promanus depressus G Peltonyxa sp., Australia, NSW H Trichocateres fasciculifer.

Map 13. A distribution of the tribe Lophocaterini.

Figure 18. A Thymalus limbatus, elytral apex with interlocking mechanism B-E Decamerus haemorhoidalis (B prothorax with partially closed procoxal cavities C metatarsal claws with denticle D protarsus with projecting empodium E irregular punctation of elytra) F Grynocharis oblonga, elytral sculpture G-H Lophocateres pusillus (G head in frontal view with deeply emarginate frontoclypeal suture H detail).