Camarotoscena Haupt, 1935

Burckhardt, Daniel, Haseen, Cherukad, He, Zhixin, Luo, Xinyu, Pramatarova, Monika, Grimaud, Sylvain, Hussain, Barkat, Song, Fan & Serbina, Liliya Štarhová, 2025, Species concepts in the psyllid genus Camarotoscena (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with Populus (Salicaceae), Alpine Entomology 9, pp. 153-172 : 153-172

Camarotoscena Haupt

Camarotoscena Haupt (1935): 228; Type species: Rhinocola speciosa Flor, 1861, by original designation.

Diagnosis.

Adult and fifth instar immature by Burckhardt et al. (2024).

Character assessment.

Camarotoscena is morphologically very homogeneous ( Loginova 1975 b), both in the adult and immature stages. Adults. Body colour in most species ochreous or light brown with irregularly spaced small brown to dark brown dots (Fig. 2 A, D, J, M, P ) and whitish or yellowish forewings with sparser or denser small brown dots (Fig. 2 B, E, K, N, Q ); according to Loginova (1975 b), the dark pattern is reduced in young specimens, an observations we could not confirm; the dark colour in young specimens is lighter but not reduced. In C. subrubescens Flor, 1861 and C. trjapitzini Loginova, 1968 , the colour of the body (Fig. 2 G, S ) and forewings (Fig. 2 H, T ) can be yellow or bright orange to ochreous without or with sparse dark dots (Fig. 1 C ). In some specimens, that we cannot assign to a particular species with certainty, the forewing pattern is intermediate between C. speciosa and C. subrubescens (Fig. 1 D ). In C. trjapitzini Loginova, 1968 , the dark colour on body and forewings can be quite extensive. The forewing membrane is whitish in most species but yellow or light brown, at least in some areas, in C. badia Loginova, 1965 , C. fulgidipennis , C. hoberlandti , C. subrubescens and C. trjapitzini . The body length ranges usually between 2.0– 2.5 mm with some specimens smaller or larger. Only C. lauta Loginova, 1975 is distinctly larger with 2.8–3.2 mm body length. The integument of the head and thorax is irregularly reticulate (in C. lauta , C. personata , C. speciosa ). Sometimes the reticulation on the vertex is slightly reduced (in C. fulgidipennis , C. subrubescens ) or completely absent (in C. hoberlandti ). The forewing membrane is semi-transparent in C. badia , C. fulgidipennis and C. trjapitzini but subopaque in the other species. The surface spinules on the forewing are mostly very dense (Fig. 2 L, O, R, U ) and can be coarser as in C. speciosa (Fig. 2 R ) or finer as in C. subrubescens (Fig. 2 U ). The surface spinules are sparser in C. hoberlandti and C. trjapitzini where they form sometimes transverse rows (Fig. 2 F, I ) and in C. fulgidipennis were they form small groups of two to four spinules (Fig. 2 C ). In most species the male proctiger is tubular and widest in basal third; only in C. lauta (Fig. 4 A ) and C. personata (Fig. 4 D ) the male proctiger has posterior lobes and is, in lateral view, widest in the middle. The male subgenital plate is subspherical in most species (Figs 3 A, F, K , 4 D, G, J ) but elongate in C. lauta (Fig. 3 A ). In most species, the paramere, in lateral view, is digitiform with a bend in the middle (Figs 3 B, D, G, I, L , 4 H, K ) but it is lamellar in C. lauta and C. personata (Fig. 4 B, E ). The female proctiger is usually cuneate with the dorsal outline almost straight and the apex subacute; the apical third is covered with moderately long setae (Fig. 5 A – D, G, H ). In C. lauta , the dorsal margin of the proctiger, in lateral view, is concave and the apical third covered with short bristles, distinctly shorter than those in basal third laterally (Fig. 5 F ). The female subgenital plate, in lateral view, is in most species irregularly cuneate with a short apical process (Fig. 5 A – C, G, H ). In C. personata the apical process is long (Fig. 5 D ). In C. bianchii and C. lauta the subgenital plate is, in lateral view, square (Fig. 5 E ) or subtrapezoidal (Fig. 5 F ), respectively. Fifth instar immature. Immatures are known only of five species: C. fulgidipennis , C. hoberlandti , C. speciosa , C. subrubescens and C. trjapitzini (Fig. 6 A – E ). The dorsal sclerites on the head, thorax and abdomen are brown to dark brown in most species (Fig. 6 A, C – E ) but light in C. hoberlandti (Fig. 6 B ). In C. fulgidipennis , C. hoberlandti and C. trjapitzini , the setae on the dorsal surface of the forewing pads are sparser and slightly shorter and sectasetae are almost completely absent (Fig. 6 F ); in C. speciosa and C. subrubescens the dorsal setae are more numerous, denser and slightly longer with more sectasetae (Fig. 6 G – I ). The caudal plate consists of three transverse rows of irregularly spaced setae and sectasetae (Fig. 7 A – E ). Their relative length in longitudinal body direction and that of their intervals varies between species. The ventrite bearing the circumanal ring is strongly sclerotised and well-delimited anteriorly in C. speciosa and C. subrubescens (Fig. 7 F ) but unsclerotised and not clearly delimited anteriorly in the other species (Fig. 8 A – C ).

Figures

Figure 1. Camarotoscena spp. A – D. Living adults on Populus; E – H. Galls on Populus nigra. A, B, G. C. speciosa; C, H. C. subrubescens; D. Camarotoscena sp. with colour pattern intermediate between C. speciosa and C. subrubescens; E, F. C. fulgidipennis and C. hoberlandti. Photos A, D by M. Pramatarova; B, C, G, H by S. Grimaud; E, F by C. Haseen.

Figure 2. Camarotoscena spp. A, D, G, J, M, P, S. Habitus, in lateral view (scale = 0.3 mm); B, E, H, K, N, Q, T. Forewing (scale = 0.3 mm); C, F, I, L, O, R, U. Surface spinules in cell r 2 above the bifurcation of vein M (scale = 0.05 mm). A – C. C. fulgidipennis; D – F. C. hoberlandti; G – I. C. trjapitzini, the forewing in H is anomalous in that it lacks cell m 1; J – L. C. lauta; M – O. C. personata; P – R. C. speciosa; S – U. C. subrubescens.

Figure 3. Camarotoscena spp., male terminalia. A, F, F. Male terminalia, in lateral view (scale = 0.1 mm); B, D, G, I, L. Paramere, inner face in lateral view (scale = 0.05 mm); C, E, H, J, M. Distal segment of aedeagus (scale = 0.05 mm). A – E. C. fulgidipennis, from Iran (A – C), from India, Ladakh (D, E); F – J. C. hoberlandti, from India, Ladakh (F – H), from Iran (I, J); K – M. C. trjapitzini.

Figure 4. Camarotoscena spp. A, D, G, J. Male terminalia, in lateral view (scale = 0.1 mm); B, E, H, K. Paramere, inner face in lateral view (scale = 0.05 mm); C, F, I, L. Distal segment of aedeagus (scale = 0.05 mm). A – C. C. lauta; D – F. C. personata; G – I. C. speciosa; J – L. C. subrubescens.

Figure 5. Camarotoscena spp., female terminalia, in lateral view (scale = 0.1 mm). A. C. fulgidipennis; B. C. hoberlandti; C. C. trjapitzini; D. C. personata; E. C. badia (del. X. Luo); F. C. lauta; G. C. speciosa; H. C. subrubescens.

Figure 6. Camarotoscena spp., fifth instar immature. A – E. Dorsal view, left side (scale = 0.1 mm); F – H. Left forewing pad, dorsal view (scale = 0.1 mm); I. Detail of dorsal face of forewing pad with sectasetae (arrows) (scale = 0.05 mm). A, F. C. fulgidipennis; B. C. hoberlandti; C, G, I. C. speciosa; D, H. C. subrubescens; E. C. trjapitzini.

Figure 7. Camarotoscena spp., fifth instar immature. A – E. Caudal plate (scale = 0.1 mm); F. Apex of abdominal venter, anterior margin of sclerotised plate indicated by arrows (scale = 0.1 mm). A. C. fulgidipennis; B. C. hoberlandti; C, F. C. speciosa; D. C. subrubescens; E. C. trjapitzini. Abbreviations: brs, mrs and ars = basal, medial and apical row of setae.

Figure 8. Camarotoscena spp., fifth instar immature, abdominal venter with transverse rows of setae indicated by numbers (scale = 0.1 mm). A. C. fulgidipennis; B. C. speciosa; C. C. subrubescens.