Antrosedes Reitter, 1912

Čeplík, Dávid, 2023, Redescription of the genus Antrosedes Reitter, 1912 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini), Zootaxa 5231 (5), pp. 523-536 : 524-525

Genus Antrosedes Reitter, 1912

( Figs 1–27 )

Type species: Antrosedes speluncarius Reitter, 1912: 326 .

Antrosedes Reitter : Jeannel 1914: 51; Jeannel, 1924: 360; Laneyrie, 1967: 603; Pretner, 1968: 30; Pretner, 1970: 155; Guéorguiev, 1976: 117; Newton, 1998: 121; Perreau, 2000: 205; Perreau, 2015: 214; Hlaváč, Perreau & Čeplík, 2017: 105; Polak & Mulaomerović, 2021: 546.

Redescription. BL: 3.47–3.93 mm, L: 2.58–3.00 mm in males and BL: 3.86–4.02 mm, L: 2.94–3.13 mm in females.

Head ( Figs 1, 2 , 3 , 13 ) longer than (HL1) or about as long as (HL2) the pronotum, slightly narrower than pronotum, HW/PW: 0.77–0.88. Head longer than wide, HL1/HW: 1.36–1.60, HL2/HW: 1.10–1.33. Eyes absent, genae covered with several fine setae. Transverse occipital crest weakly defined. Antennae inserted in the middle of HL2. Clypeus subhexagonal, clypeofrontal suture relatively distinct, clypeus and labrum setose. Head pubescent with punctation more or less dense and relatively deep. Mandibles robust and sharply pointed, with apical and subapical incisors. Terminal maxillary palpomere conical, apically pointed, slender and shorter than the more or less longer and wider penultimate palpomere. The ventral surface of the head more or less setose. Gula glabrous and with some transversal wrinkles, genae with transversal wrinkles, glabrous or with several fine setae. The hypostomal suture is developed and clearly visible. Submentum almost confluent with gula, separated from mentum by transverse suture. Submentum covered with several longer, medium sized and fine setae. Mentum with some longer, medium sized and fine setae. Cardo glabrous or with one–two fine setae, basistipes and mediostipes subtriangular, covered with several fine setae.

All antennomeres ( Figs 1, 2 , 16 ) longer than wide and slightly to strongly pubescent, the 1st antennomere shorter than the 2nd ( Figs 3 , 13 ), the 2nd longer than the 3rd, the 3rd longer or as long as the 4th, the 4th shorter or as long as the 5th, the 5th longer or as long as the 6th, the 6th shorter than the 7th, the 7th longer than the 8th, the 8th shorter than the 9th, the 9th shorter, longer or as long as the 10th, and the 10th shorter or as long as the 11th. The length of antennomeres is approximately 79–81% of the total body length (BL) in males and 64–68% in females. Antennae slightly longer than or as long as the length (L) in males and approximately 85–87% of the length (L) in females. Males antennomeres length (mm): (1) 0.14, (2) 0.28–0.30, (3) 0.22–0.25, (4) 0.22–0.25, (5) 0.22–0.30, (6) 0.22–0.28, (7) 0.29–0.39, (8) 0.16–0.17, (9) 0.33–0.39, (10) 0.33–0.36 and (11) 0.36–0.42. AL males: 2.83–3.20 mm. Male antennomere relative length/relative maximum width ratios: (1) 2–2.2, (2) 5–5.6, (3) 4.5–5.6, (4) 5–5.5, (5) 5.8–6.3, (6) 5.6–6.5, (7) 3.7–4.7, (8) 3–4, (9) 4.5, (10) 3.5–4 and (11) 4.2–4.5. Females antennomeres length (mm): (1) 0.14–0.15, (2) 0.28–0.30, (3) 0.22–0.25, (4) 0.19–0.22, (5) 0.19–0.28, (6) 0.19–0.25, (7) 0.25–0.32, (8) 0.12–0.17, (9) 0.26–0.29, (10) 0.25–0.28 and (11) 0.30. AL females: 2.41–2.71 mm. Female antennomere relative length/relative maximum width ratios: (1) 2, (2) 4.9–5.3, (3) 4–5.7, (4) 4.4–4.7, (5) 4.8–5.4, (6) 4.4–4.7, (7) 3.4–3.7, (8) 2.2–3, (9) 2.3–3.5, (10) 2.8–2.9 and (11) 3.2–3.3.

Pronotum ( Figs 1, 2 , 5 , 20, 22 ) slightly wider than long, PW/PL: 1.07–1.18, about as long as wide, PL/PW: 1.00–1.02 or slightly longer than wide PL/PW: 1.06.

Elytra ( Figs 1 , 18 , 26 ) longer than wide, EL/EW: 1.46–1.94 in males, 1.44–1.62 in females. Scutellum triangular and for the most part hidden under the posterior part of pronotum. The length of the basal apophysis of the metanotum (alacrista) ( Figs 4 , 18, 19, 21 , 26 ) is approximately 9–14% of the elytral length. The membranous hindwings ( Figs 4 , 19, 21 ) strongly reduced and present as very small flap-like membranous structures inserted at the posterior end of the metanotum.

Venter ( Figs 2 , 5, 6, 7 , 20 ). Mesoventrite with small projection/dentation on apical part ( Figs 2 , 6, 7 , 19, 20 ). Mesoventral process long, completely separates mesocoxal cavities ( Figs 2 , 6 , 20 ). Metacoxae separated by bifid posterior metaventral process ( Figs 6 , 20 ).

Metendosternite with arms longer than the stalk ( Figs 8 , 21 ).

Legs long, slender and pubescent ( Figs 1, 2 , 17 , 23 ). Protibia longer than pronotum, PTL/PL: 1.36–1.47 in males, 1.15–1.30 in females. Spines along the lateral outer margin of protibia reaching approximately apical third or apical half of protibial length ( Fig. 17 ). Male protarsi slender, undilated ( Fig. 1 ) or slightly dilated ( Fig. 17 ) and shorter or approximately as long as pronotum, PRTL/PL: 0.78–1.00. Female protarsi undilated ( Figs 2 , 23 ) and shorter than pronotum, PRTL/PL: 0.79–0.84. Mesotarsi and metatarsi pentamerous in both sexes. Tarsal empodium with long bifid empodial seta ( Figs 17 , 23 ). Tenent setae are clearly visible on protarsi and mesotarsi. Claws well developed and curved. Internal subapical side of tibia with two spurs (visible from ventral aspect).

Aedeagus elongate, 0.67–0.83 mm long, sclerotised ( Figs 9, 10 , 14, 15 ). Inner sac of median lobe with developed chitinized structures ( Figs 9 , 15 ). Median lobe from dorsal aspect sub-parallel, then slightly widened and distinctly narrowed towards apex which is beak-shaped and slightly longer than parameres. Parameres elongate, thin, arcuate, curved inward apically, slightly shorter than median lobe, slightly curved before apex club which bears three setae. Basal lamina of the median lobe without developed posterior expansion. Inner sac of aedeagus (endophallus) consists of sclerotized apical structures and „Y“ shaped basal phanera. Spermatheca ( Figs 11 , 27 ) with basal, narrow medial and apical regions. Female sternite VIII pubescent with developed anterior expansion ( Figs 12 , 25 ). Each style with four setae, stylus cylindrical, with one long seta ( Figs 11 , 24 ).

Biology: Subterranean genus, so far known exclusively from caves and pits.

Distribution: Bosnia and Herzegovina: Visočica planina and Vitez, Kruščica planina ( Fig. 28 ).

Remarks: The genus Antrosedes is classified in the Apholeuonus phyletic line ( Jeannel 1911, Jeannel 1924, Perreau 2000: 204–214). This genus is morphologically distinguished from the most similar genera, namely Protobracharthron , Spelaites , Leonhardia , Setnikia and Katobatizon , all grouped in Apholeuonus phyletic line as follows:

• from Protobracharthron Reitter, 1889 (studied female specimen of Protobracharthron dusinae Ćurčić, Rađa & Mulaomerović, 2014 ) by: 1) the total body length (BL) 5.19 mm against 3.47–4.02 mm in Antrosedes , 2) PTL/PL: 1.50 against PTL/PL: 1.15–1.47 in Antrosedes , 3) mesocoxal cavities partially confluent with long mesoventral process against the mesoventral process very long, completely separateing mesocoxal cavities in Antrosedes and 4) the length of the basal apophysis of the metanotum (alacrista) which is 16% of the elytral length against 9–14% in Antrosedes .

• from Spelaites grabowskii Apfelbeck, 1907 by: 1) the total body length (BL) 5.25–5.31 mm against 3.47–4.02 mm in Antrosedes , 2) the length of the basal apophysis of the metanotum (alacrista) which is 19–20% of the elytral length against 9–14% in Antrosedes and 3) the aedeagus which is 1.00 mm long against 0.67–0.83 mm long in Antrosedes .

• from Leonhardia Reitter, 1901 (studied specimens of Leonhardia hilfi Reitter, 1901 , Leonhardia droveniki Perreau, 1999 , Leonhardia sebesicensis Ćurčić, Pavićević & Mulaomerović, 2018 and Leonhardia cf. reitteri ) by: 1) the head markedly narrower than pronotum, HW/PW: 0.56–0.70 against the head slightly narrower than pronotum in Antrosedes, HW /PW: 0.77–0.88, 2) the mesoventral carina well developed against a small projection/dentation on apical part of the mesoventrite in Antrosedes , 3) the length of the basal apophysis of the metanotum (alacrista) which is 4–10% of the elytral length against 9–14% in Antrosedes and 4) the length of antennomeres which is approximately 50–65% of the total body length (BL) against 64–81% of the total body length (BL) in Antrosedes .

• from Setnikia leonhardi Breit, 1913 by: 1) the head markedly narrower than pronotum, HW/PW: 0.60 against the head slightly narrower than pronotum in Antrosedes, HW /PW: 0.77–0.88, 2) the mesoventral carina well developed against a small projection/dentation on apical part of the mesoventrite in Antrosedes , 3) the length of antennomeres which is approximately 54–63% of the total body length (BL) against 64–81% of the total body length (BL) in Antrosedes and 4) the aedeagus which is 1.14 mm long against 0.67–0.83 mm long in Antrosedes .

• from Katobatizon Knirsch, 1928 (studied specimens of Katobatizon antennarium Knirsch, 1928 and Katobatizon apfelbecki Ćurčić & Rađa, 2014 ) by: 1) the head markedly narrower than pronotum, HW/PW: 0.56–0.70 against the head slightly narrower than pronotum in Antrosedes, HW /PW: 0.77–0.88, 2) the mesoventral carina well developed against a small projection/dentation on apical part of the mesoventrite in Antrosedes and 3) the aedeagus which is 0.59–0.65 mm long against 0.67–0.83 mm long in Antrosedes .

Figures

FIGURE 28. Distribution of the genus Antrosedes Reitter, 1912. 1: Antrosedes speluncarius, Reitter, 1912. 2: Antrosedes longicollis, Pretner, 1970.

FIGURES 1–2. Antrosedes speluncarius, Reitter, 1912. 1: male habitus, dorsal aspect, scale bar 2.60 mm. 2: female habitus, ventral aspect, scale bar 3.00 mm.

FIGURES 3–4. Antrosedes speluncarius, Reitter, 1912. 3: head, dorsal aspect, scale bar 0.64 mm. 4: scutellum, metatergal apparatus, without scale bar.

FIGURES 5–8. Antrosedes speluncarius, Reitter, 1912. 5: female pronotum, ventral aspect, scale bar 0.72 mm. 6: male venter, without scale bar. 7: male mesoventral projection/dentation, right lateral aspect, scale bar 0.11 mm. 8: metendosternite, scale bar 0.72 mm.

FIGURES 9–12. Antrosedes speluncarius, Reitter, 1912. 9–10: aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral aspects, scale bar 0.78 mm. 11: spermatheca, scale bar 0.14 mm and style, scale bar 0.22 mm. 12: female sternite VIII, scale bar 0.27 mm.

FIGURES 13–17. Antrosedes longicollis, Pretner, 1970. 13: head, dorsal aspect, scale bar 0.88 mm. 14–15: aedeagus, left lat- eral and dorsal aspects, scale bar 0.72 mm. 16: right antenna, scale bar 3.20 mm. 17: right male protarsus, scale bar 0.69 mm.

FIGURES 18–22. Antrosedes longicollis, Pretner, 1970. 18: male elytra, dorsal aspect, scale bar 2.30 mm. 19: mesothorax, right lateral aspect, without scale bar. 20: venter, scale bar 0.53 mm. 21: metatergal apparatus, metendosternite, scale bar 0.65 mm. 22: male pronotum, dorsal aspect, scale bar 0.69 mm.

FIGURES 23–27. Antrosedes longicollis, Pretner, 1970. 23: female right protarsus, scale bar 0.64 mm. 24: style, scale bar 0.20 mm. 25: female sternite VIII, scale bar 0.26 mm. 26: scutellum, elytra, metatergal apparatus, scale bar 0.32 mm. 27: spermatheca, scale bar 0.19 mm.