Rhinusa herbarum (H. Brisout de Barneville, 1862)
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:617FBE9C-72D1-479D-8336-1E9325D74B93 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/569C36AF-E2B0-5F28-8B2C-EB427CA0801D |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Rhinusa herbarum (H. Brisout de Barneville, 1862) |
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8) Rhinusa herbarum (H. Brisout de Barneville, 1862)
Material examined.
20 mature larvae; 6 ♂ and 6 ♀ pupae. Serbia, Sredrievo , ex Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort., 15.08.2017, leg., det. I. Toševski.
Description of mature larva
(Figs 36A, B View Figure 36 , 37A-E View Figure 37 , 38A-C View Figure 38 ). Measurements (in mm). Body length: 2.50-4.00 (avg. 3.40). The widest place in the body (meso- and metathorax) measures up to 1.50. Head width: 0.50-0.55 (avg. 0.55).
General. Body elongate, slender, strongly curved, rounded in cross section (Fig. 36A View Figure 36 ). All thoracic segments equal in size. Meso- and metathorax each divided dorsally into two folds (prodorsal fold vestigial, postdorsal fold prominent). Pedal folds of thoracic segments well isolated. Abdominal segments I-V of similar size, next segments tapering towards posterior body end. Abdominal segments I-VII each divided dorsally into two folds almost identical in size. Segments VIII and IX dorsally undivided. Epipleural folds of segments I-VIII conical well developed. Laterosternal and eusternal folds of segments I-VIII conical, well isolated. Abdominal segment X divided into four folds of equal size. Anus situated ventrally, almost completely hidden in the ninth segment.
Thoracic and abdominal spiracles unicameral; thoracic spiracles (Fig. 36A View Figure 36 ) placed laterally close to mesothorax; abdominal spiracles (Fig. 36A View Figure 36 ) placed medially on segments I-VIII.
Colouration. Almost white to light yellow head (Fig. 36B View Figure 36 ). All thoracic and abdominal segments whitish (Fig. 36A View Figure 36 ). Cuticle covered with asperities.
Vestiture. Setae on body thin, transparent, different in length (minute to medium).
Head capsule (Figs 36B View Figure 36 , 37A View Figure 37 ). Head suboval, endocarinal line present, reaching to 2/3 length of frons. Frontal sutures on head indistinct, very wide. Single pair of stemmata in the form of small black spots (st) placed laterally, close to the end of the frontal suture. Des1 short, located in middle part of epicranium; long des2 located anteriorly; long des3 placed almost on the border of the frontal suture; minute des4, located laterally; and long des5 placed anterolaterally above stemma (Fig. 37A View Figure 37 ). Fs1 absent; fs2 short, located posterolaterally; fs3 absent; fs4 long, located anteriorly; and long fs5 located anterolaterally, close to antenna (Fig. 37A View Figure 37 ). Les1 and les2 medium; two short ves. Epicranial area with five pes.
Antennae placed distally of the frontal suture, on the inside; membranous and distinctly convex basal article bearing one conical elongate sensorium, plus three sensilla basiconica (Fig. 37B View Figure 37 ).
Clypeus (Fig. 37C View Figure 37 ) trapezoidal, ~ 2.5 × as wide as long with two short cls, localised posterolaterally, with one sensillum between them; anterior part distinctly less sclerotised than the basal part and slightly rounded towards the inside.
Mouth parts. Labrum (Fig. 37C View Figure 37 ) ~ 2.2 × as wide as long, with three piliform lrs, various long; lrs1 and lrs2 elongated, located medially on small protuberances, and lrs3 medium, located anterolaterally; anterior border bi-sinuate. Epipharynx (Fig. 37C View Figure 37 ) with two elongated finger-like als, identical in length and three piliform ams variable in length; labral rods (lr) distinct, rounded. Mandibles (Fig. 37D View Figure 37 ) bifid, cutting edge straight; two medium piliform and short mds, both located close to lateral border. Maxillolabial complex: maxilla brownish sclerotised (Fig. 37E View Figure 37 ), stipes with one stps, two pfs and one mbs, stps and both pfs1-2 elongated; mala with five finger-like dms variable in length; four medium piliform vms. Maxillary palpi two-segmented; basal palpomere distinctly wider than distal one, with short mpxs and two sensilla, distal palpomere with a group of two apical sensilla in terminal receptive area. Prementum (Fig. 37E View Figure 37 ) close to oval-shaped, with two prms variable in length; ligula with slightly sinuate margin and two short ligs; premental sclerite broad, sclerotised, cup-shaped, posterior extension medium, with thick apex. Labial palpi one-segmented; palpi with a single pore, and single, apical sensilla in terminal receptive area; surface of labium smooth. Postmentum (Fig. 37E View Figure 37 ) with three pms, short pms1 located posteromedially, long pms2 located mediolaterally, and short pms3 located anterolaterally; membranous area partially covered with knobby asperities.
Thorax. Prothorax (Fig. 38A View Figure 38 ) with nine medium to short prns; two medium ps; and single short eus. Mesothorax (Fig. 38A View Figure 38 ) with a single minute prs; three medium pds; one medium as; three minute ss; one medium eps; one medium ps; and single minute eus. Chaetotaxy of metathorax (Fig. 38A View Figure 38 ) almost identical to that of mesothorax. Each pedal area of thoracic segments with four short to minute pda.
Abdomen. Segments I-VIII (Fig. 38B, C View Figure 38 ) without prs; with four pds of various length; one minute and one medium ss; single, medium eps; one medium ps; one minute lsts; and two minute eus. Abdominal segment IX (Fig. 38C View Figure 38 ) with one medium and one minute ds; one minute ps; and two minute sts.
Description of pupa
(Figs 39A-C View Figure 39 , 40A-C View Figure 40 ). Measurements (in mm). Body length: 2.25-3.10; body width: 1.50-1.80; thorax width: 0.70-1.05; rostrum length: up to 0.70 ♂ and 1.20 ♀.
Body. Integument white moderately elongated. Head and pronotum without protuberances. Rostrum rather short, reaching to mesocoxae; in both sexes 2.2 × as long as wide. Clubs covered with knobby protuberances. Pronotum trapezoidal, 2 × as wide as long. Meso- and metanotum similar in size. Abdominal segments I-IV almost identical in size; segments VI and VI tapering gradually, VII semicircular; segment VIII narrow; segment IX reduced. Abdominal segments VII and VIII each with semicircular, weakly sclerotised abdominal protuberances (a-pr1, 2). Urogomphi absent (Fig. 39A-C View Figure 39 ).
Chaetotaxy. Well-developed setae, elongated to short, transparent. Head with a single short sos, single short os. Rostrum with a single short rs (Fig. 40A View Figure 40 ). Pronotum with three as, single ls, single ds and three pls; all pronotal setae elongated, equal in length. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with two medium setae, placed medially (Fig. 40A-C View Figure 40 ). Abdominal segments I-VIII dorsally with three short setae dorsally, placed close to posterior margin of the segments. Each lateral part of abdominal segments I-VIII with a single short seta. Ventral parts of abdominal segments I-VIII with two short setae. Abdominal segment IX with two short setae ventrally (Fig. 40A-C View Figure 40 ).
Remarks and comparative notes.
This species is distributed in Central and Southern Europe and in North Africa ( Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). The shape of the rostrum in adults is similar in lateral view to that of some species of the R. antirrhini group but not in dorsal view, where the basal half in cross section is normally rectangular and not trapezoidal, and the scrobes are only slightly visible ( Caldara and Toševski 2019).
Biological notes.
The host plants are Kickxia elatine and K. spuria (L.) Dumort. The females oviposit in the seed capsules of the host plant during the summer, following the phenology of plant flowering. Larvae complete their development and pupate inside seed capsules. The new adults emerge in late summer ( Caldara and Toševski 2019).
Rhinusa neta group
Adult diagnosis. Femora with a sharp tooth, which is more robust on metafemora; both body and apophysis of penis markedly long, taken together corresponding to length of whole abdomen; endophallus lacking inside body of penis and beginning from its base, with a long straight flagellum.
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