Ascalohybris subjacens ( Walker, 1853 )

Kim, Jiseung, Ahn, Neung-Ho & Kim, Sora, 2025, A taxonomic review of the family Myrmeleontidae Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia) from the Korean peninsula, highlighting the conservation value of this family, ZooKeys 1262, pp. 97-174 : 97-174

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1262.163194
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:432F41EC-E4E2-4D90-B1DA-23027FBCCF62
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17818265
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/565B3E92-894C-5928-8182-CDC6B3F93FDB
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Ascalohybris subjacens ( Walker, 1853 )
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Treatment

Ascalohybris subjacens ( Walker, 1853)

Figs 25 View Figure 25 , 26 View Figure 26 , 33 B View Figure 33 , 34 B View Figure 34 , 35 I View Figure 35 , 36 H View Figure 36 , 37 G View Figure 37

Ascalaphus subjacens Walker, 1853: 431. Type locality: China. View in CoL

Ascalaphus remotus Walker, 1853: 447. Type locality: China. View in CoL

Hybris subjacens ( Walker, 1853): McLachlan 1871: 267. View in CoL

Glyptobasis brunnea Esben-Petersen, 1913: 224. Type locality: Taiwan: Banshoryo-district: Sokutsu. View in CoL

Ascalohybris subjacens ( Walker, 1853): Sziráki 1998: 59. View in CoL

Specimens examined.

[ JBNU] • 1 ♂, Samdu-ri , Gunoe-myeon, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 10. VII. 2023, D. K. Ra ; • 1 ♂, Gilgok-ri , Maehwa-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 27. VII. 2023, H. Han ; • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Jungdo-ri , Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 26. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; 12 ♂ 5 ♀, Naewol-ri , Bigeum-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 26. VII. 2024, M. K. Jeong ; • 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Yulji-ri , Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 30. VII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Naewol-ri , Bigeum-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 1. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; 1 ♀, Gwangdae-ri , Bigeum-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 1. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Gureom-ri , Deokjeok-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Korea, 14. VIII. 2024, J. S. Kim ; • 1 ♂, Ye-ri , Heuksan-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 2. IX. 2024, J. S. Kim ; 1 ♀, Sa-ri , Heuksan-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 3. IX. 2024, J. S. Kim ; 1 larva (3 rd instar), Seolgye-ri , Yeongdong-eup, Yeongdong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 14. IV. 2024, J. S. Kim .

Diagnosis.

Frons and gena are dark brown. Antenna is long and reaches pterostigma. In lateral view, mesonotum has a broad yellow stripe medially. Male ectoprocts are elongated, forcipate, and covered with long black setae; their length is longer than 4 × of width. In larvae, head is quadrate and approximately as long as it is wide. Dorsal side of the head capsule is brown with some yellow markings, and the mandibles are brown. Dorsal side of the abdominal tergites has a dark brown median longitudinal stripe.

Description.

Male, adult. Head (Fig. 25 B, C View Figure 25 ) Vertex slightly narrow, moderately depressed, dark brown, with sparse long dark brown hairs. Frons dark brown, with sparse long black hairs; clypeus dark brown, with sparse black hairs. Eye with a transverse furrow. Antenna dark brown, considerably long, with strongly defined club; flagellum comprising ~ 60 flagellomeres. Mouthparts dark brown; labrum dark brown, with black hairs; maxillary palpus yellowish brown; labial palpus yellowish brown.

Thorax (Fig. 25 C View Figure 25 ). Pronotum narrow, considerably shorter than width, dark brown, with longitudinal yellow stripe, moderately covered with long brown hairs. Mesonotum and metanotum generally dark brown, moderately covered with long brown hairs. Mesonotum medially with a broad yellow stripe in lateral view.

Legs. Coxae reddish brown, moderately covered with black setae. Femora reddish brown, moderately covered with black setae. Tibiae reddish brown, covered with sparse black setae. Tibial spurs black, slightly long, slightly curved, approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–3. Tarsi reddish brown, tarsomere 5 approximately as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres 1–3. Claws black.

Wings (Fig. 25 A View Figure 25 ). Without markings. Membrane completely transparent, sometimes shaded with light brown. Veins and crossveins mostly dark brown. Forewings presectoral area with 6–9 crossveins; Cu with six or seven rows of cells; pterostigma dark brown. Hindwings shorter and narrower than forewings; presectoral area with 6–8 crossveins; Cu with five or six rows of cells; pterostigma dark brown.

Abdomen (Fig. 25 A View Figure 25 ). Shorter than hindwing, reddish brown, covered with sparse black setae.

Genitalia (Fig. 25 D, E, H – K View Figure 25 ). Ectoproct elongated, forcipate, covered with long black setae. Sternite IX broad, covered with long black setae. Gonarcus brown, triangular, with short lateral arm. Parameres well sclerotized, dark brown, strongly raised in lateral view. Pulvinus symmetrical, elongated, digitiform, attached to gonarcus, covered with long black setae.

Size. BL: 31.1–34.6 mm; FWL: 32.6–37.3 mm; HWL: 29.4–33.9 mm

Female, adult. Except terminalia, generally similar to male. Terminalia (Fig. 25 F, G View Figure 25 ): tergite IX narrow, triangular in lateral view; ectoproct triangular in lateral view; distivalvae semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct; ventrovalvae triangular in ventral view; interdens distinct.

Size. BL: 30.1–34.4 mm; FWL: 34.9–39.1 mm; HWL: 30.2–34.8 mm.

Larva, 3 rd instar. General color yellowish brown, with dark brown markings (Fig. 26 A – C View Figure 26 ). Head quadrate, approximately as long as broad; dorsal side of the head capsule brown with some yellow markings; mandibles brown, covered with short black setae; interdental pseudo teeth (3–4) (3–4) (1) (Fig. 26 D, E View Figure 26 ). Dorsal side of the abdominal tergites with a dark brown median longitudinal stripe (Fig. 26 A View Figure 26 ). Abdominal sternite VIII with a pair of brown spots in correspondence of the odontoid processes; abdominal sternite IX triangular, with yellow marking on anterior margin (Fig. 26 F View Figure 26 ).

Size. BL: 17.0 mm; HL: 3.7 mm, HW: 3.6 mm, ML: 4.2 mm.

Biological notes.

Ascalohybris subjacens is commonly observed throughout the country in various habitats such as grasslands, mountainous regions, and coastal areas (Fig. 37 G View Figure 37 ). Adults emerge from July to September in South Korea. They are nocturnal and can be observed flying actively or resting on grass stems at night (Fig. 33 B View Figure 33 ). More than 40 eggs are laid on substrates like dry grass stems in grasslands. At the oviposition site, hatched larvae can be observed either clustered together or scattered nearby (Fig. 34 B View Figure 34 ). Larvae are ambush hunters and a single specimen was collected from under a rock on a rocky hill (Fig. 36 H View Figure 36 ).

Distribution.

Korea, China, Japan, Vietnam, Cambodia ( Wang et al. 2018).

Remarks.

Okamoto (1924) identified and reported specimens of Ascalohybris subjacens from Jeju Island. Okamoto (1926) described this species as common in southern Korea. Indeed, it is a representative owlfly species commonly observed throughout South Korea.