Cratotabanus stonemyomorphus Martins-Neto and Santos

do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas, Sampronha, Stephanie, Santos, Charles Morphy D. & Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha, 2022, Cretaceous Horse flies and their phylogenetic significance (Diptera: Tabanidae), Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 80, pp. 295-307 : 295

Cratotabanus stonemyomorphus Martins-Neto and Santos

Figs 1 , 2

Cratotabanus stonemyomorphus Martins-Neto and Santos, 1994: 291, fig. 1, pl. 1; Morita et al. 2016 ( Tabanidae phylogeny).

Cratotabanus stonemyiomorphus Coscarón and Papavero, 2009b (Cat., as unrecognized, error)

Cratotabanus stenomyomorphus Martins-Neto 2003: 31, fig, 2 (Fossil tabanids, error); Bechly 2007: 386 (Crato insects spp, error); Grimaldi et al. 2011: 303 (Cretaceous amber spp., error); Zhang 2012: 1 (Lower Cretaceous China, error); Strelow et al. 2013: 439 (summarized Tabanidae fossil record, error); Grimaldi 2016: 45, fig. 1A (Cretaceous Myanmar spp., error).

Examined material.

Holotype female: GP1T/2585. NE Brazil, Crato Formation , Aptian , Lower Cretaceous. - Male, CCNH 141, NE Brazil, Crato Formation , Aptian, Lower Cretaceous

Preservation.

Preserved in ventral view. Clypeus, scape and pedicel visible. Meso and meta femurs, hind left leg, wings, and abdomen preserved.

Diagnosis.

Frons apparently parallel or slightly convergent; R1 apex inserting in C at the same level of discal cell; vein R4 slightly curved.

Description.

Female. Measurements: Moderate size, body 9.3 mm, wing 6.9 mm. - Head: Frons apparently parallel or convergent; basal callus absent; subcallus not protuberant or greatly developed; scape and pedicel with similar size; clypeus not conical or projected. - Wings: Wing ca. 3 times longer than wide; pterostigma small or partially preserved, close to the insertion of R1 on C; apex of R1 near the to same level of cell d apex; R2+3 almost straight, curved at the insertion in C; vein R4 slightly curved; no appendix at R4; cell r5 open; M1 curved, parallel to M2; M3 divergent from M2; cell m3 open; m-m two times longer than fork of M1 and M2 to the m-m insertion; m-cu three times longer than origin of M4 to the m-cu insertion; CuA meeting CuP before wing margin; lower calypter pronounced. - Abdomen: Sternites V to VII with visible setae. - Male. Measurements: Moderate size, body 11.3 mm, wing 7.9 mm. - Head: Head hemispherical and holoptic, subcallus forming a prominent triangle; no visible differences among ommatidia size. - Thorax: scutum badly preserved, stout, nearly as wide as long, apparently lighter than abdomen; prescutellum present, scutellum and prescutellum darker than scutum, prescutellum badly preserved. - Legs: dark. - Wings: wing as in female, except by the apparently longer pterostigma. - Abdomen: abdomen with seven visible segments, seventh segment badly preserved.

Comments.

The differences between Cratotabanus stonemyomorphus and other species of the genus were discussed by Grimaldi et al. (2011) and Grimaldi (2016). Here, we describe a male specimen that we believe to be C. stonemyomorphus given the nearly identical wing venation. The male adds important information about this species as the presence of an holoptic head - which is present in most extant Tabanidae -, the presence of the prescutellum and an enlarged lower calypter, considered synapomorphy of Tabanidae . The last two characters have already been observed in C. asiaticus by Grimaldi (2016) but not preserved in the female of C. stonemyomorphus .

Figures

Figure 1. Cratotabanus stonemyomorphus. Martins-Neto and Santos. A, B Holotype female. A habitus preserved in ventral view. B Detail of head. C Male, preserved in dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C); 1 mm (B).

Figure 2. Cratotabanus stonemyomorphus. A Holotype female, illustration of dorsal habitus. B Male, illustration of ventral habitus. C Holotype female, wing. D Male, Wing. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C); 1 mm (C, D).