Oxalis sarmentosa Zuccarini (1832: 244)

Nuernberg-Silva, Anelise & Fiaschi, Pedro, 2021, Taxonomic revision and morphological delimitation of Oxalis sect. Ripariae (Oxalidaceae), Phytotaxa 529 (1), pp. 125-159 : 153-155

11. Oxalis sarmentosa Zuccarini (1832: 244) . Type (lectotype designated by Lourteig 1983: 39, first-step; second-step designated here):— BRAZIL: Brasilia meridionali, s.d., F. Sellow s.n. (M-0172385 [web]! image available at https:// plants.jstor.org/stable/viewer/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.m0172385?loggedin=true; isolectotypes: M-0164221 [web]!, LISU, M-0172386 [web]!, M-0164221 [web]!, W0071546 [web]!) (figs. 16, 18).

Stoloniferous herb. Stem slender ca. 60 cm long, reddish or not, shorter hairs ca. 0.1 mm long, patent, absent or occasional to moderate, longer 0.5–1.5 mm long, ascending, patent and descending, occasional to abundant, glandular hair 0.5 mm, sparse; internodes 0.1–10.5 cm long, alternating between short and long, radicant nodes. Stipules 2.5–4 × 1.5–2 mm long, semicircular or rectangular, connate to the petiole, margin with hairs 1–2 mm long, patent, moderate to abundant, rarely sparse; petiole 3–30.5 cm long; shorter hairs ca. 0.1 long, curved or patent, occasional to moderate; longer hairs 1–1.5 mm long, ascending, patent and descending, sparse to moderate; glandular hairs ca. 0.5 mm, absent or sparse to abundant; pulvina ca. 1 mm long, hairs ca. 1 mm long, patent, moderate to abundant. Leaf blades 0.9–7.6 × 0.7–4.6 cm, coriaceous, widely rhombic to rhombic, discolorous, abaxially purplish or light green, the base cuneate, the apex acute, rarely obtuse or rounded, lateral leaflets asymmetrical with respect to the central vein, adaxially glabrous or with hairs (0.1) 0.5–2 mm long, appressed, moderate; glandular hairs 0.5 mm, moderate; abaxially glabrous or with shorter hairs 0.2–0.5 mm long, appressed or ascending, occasional; longer hairs ca. 1 (2) mm long, appressed or ascending, occasional to moderate; glandular hairs, if present, 0.5–1.5 mm long, sparse to moderate, margin with hairs ca. 1 mm long, ascending, abundant. Dichasia with up to 12 flowers, shorter than the leaves; peduncle 4.4–18 cm long; shorter hairs ca. 0.1 mm long, patent or curved, moderate; longer hairs 0.5–1.5 mm long, ascending and descending, moderate; glandular hairs ca. 1 mm, moderate; bracts 1–2 × 0.5–1 mm, lanceolate; bracteoles 1 × 0.3 mm, lanceolate. Pedicels 1–12 mm long, sepals 2.5–3 × 0.75–1.5 mm, green with apex reddish, base rounded, apex acute; shorter hairs ca. 0.1 mm long, occasional, ascending; longer hairs ca. 1 mm long, ascending or patent, sparse; glandular hairs ca. 1 mm long, moderate; petals yellow, 7–11 mm long, spatulate, the apex crenate-denticulate, adaxially with moderate glandular hairs; shorter stamens ca. 3 mm long, glabrous, longer ca. 5 mm long, with hairs ascending; pistil ca. 5 mm long, hairs ascending, abundant, stigmas papillose. Capsules ca. 3 × 3 mm, very widely ovoid, 5-lobed, hairs ca. 1 mm long, ascending, abundant. Seeds 1 per locule, ca. 2.8 × 1.9 mm, widely elliptic to elliptic, base rounded, apex acute, surface crested.

Distribution and habitat: —This species is found in the southern Brazilian states (Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul) (fig. 16), always associated to Araucaria forests and nearby grasslands.

Phenology: —Flowers and fruits have been collected from March to July.

Conservation status: —Despite the restricted distribution, this species is frequent within its range, and it has been recorded in several protected areas. For these reasons we suggest it should be considered as low concern (LC) regarding extinction risk.

Nomenclatural notes: — Zuccarini (1832) reported in the protologue that he examined a dried specimen by Sellow from southern Brazil. As no further detail is provided, this specimen represents a syntype (Art. 9.6 of ICN). Lourteig (1983: 39) reported: “the holotype with Zuccarini’s handwritting is from his personal herbarium and does not indicate the collector number, which is usual for his herbarium. Sellow’s number (3942) appears only at LISU herbarium”. Lourteig (1983) carried out a lectotypification when citing the “ holotype ” at M (see also Prado et al. 2015), but this choice requires a second-step lectotype to distinguish between M-0172385 and M-0172386 (see Art. 9.17 of ICN). M-0172385 is here chosen since it is the most complete specimen, and perfectly fits the original description.

Taxonomic notes: —This is the most common stoloniferous species of Oxalis sect. Ripariae from southern Brazil. Sometimes it can be confused with Oxalis bifrons , whose leaflets are wider above de mid portion and the apex is rounded, while in O. sarmentosa the leaflets are wider at or below the mid portion, with a usually rounded apex. Moreover, leaf abaxial surface in Oxalis sarmentosa is glabrous or with straight short hairs 0.2–0.5 mm long and larger hairs ca. 1(–2) mm long, with a predominance of the larger ones over the shorter ones, while in O. bifrons the abaxial surface has shorter curved hairs 0.1–0.2 mm long and longer hairs 1–2 mm long, with the shorter ones predominating over the longer ones.

Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Paraná: Lapa, Passa Dois , orla de capão, 30 October 1969, G . Hatschbach , 22744 ( MBM, P, W199302868 [web]); em rodovia 476 que liga Lapa a São Mateus do Sul, próximo km 201, 25°46’25.9’’S, 49°45’32’’W, 1 January 2016, A . Nuernberg et al. 1813 ( FLOR); Ponta Grossa, Itaiacoca , 4 October 2007, J. M . Silva et al. 6100 ( ALCB036740 [web], FUEL, FURB02907 [web], HCF000004705 [web], HUEFS0146698 [web], HUFU00019422 [web], MBM, SPF00190566 [web]); Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais , 25°07’33.7’’S, 49°56’31.19’’W, 5 November 2017, A . Nuernberg et al. 1938 ( FLOR) ; Rio Grande do Sul: Cambará do Sul , 21 September 1979, K . Hagelund 13094 ( ICN); Ponte sobre rio Camisas RS 020, 31 August 2002, V. F . Kinupp 2449 ( ICN); RS 020 , 29°05’01”S, 50°10’4.9”, 4 November 2016, A. Nuernberg et al. 1862 ( FLOR); Parque Nacional Serra Geral, 29°08’4.64”S, 50°03’2.47”W, 6 November 2016, A. Nuernberg et al. 1870 ( FLOR); Caxias do Sul, Vila Oliva, 15 July 1954, B. Rambo s.n. ( PACA55868 [web]); Esmeralda , Fazenda da Guabiroba , 3 September 1987, M. Rossato et al. 3249 ( MO3523882 [web], MO1061612 [web], HUCS [photo]); Farroupilha, 26 September 1957, O. R. Camargo 807 ( P); 5 September 1957, O. R. Camargo 1685 ( P); Jaquirana, barranco em beira de estrada que vai de Jaquirana a São José dos Ausentes, 28°54’14.37’’S, 50°20’28.74’’W, 4 November 2016, A. Nuernberg et al. 1849 ( FLOR); São Francisco de Assis , 29°37’26.4’’S, 55°09’19.5’’W, 31 October 2016, A. Nuernberg et al. 1838 ( FLOR); São Francisco de Paula , Lajeado Grande -RS 476, 12 September 1999, R.Wasum 119 ( HUCS [web]); 6 November 2016, P. Webber 554 ( FLOR); São José dos Ausentes, Várzea, 27 September 2014, E. Barboza et al. 4216 ( MBM); Santa Catarina: Bom Jardim da Serra, Fazenda Santa Rita , 28°17’54’’S, 49°44’07’’W, alt. 1407 m, 07 November 2013, A. C. Cervi et al. 10177 ( MBM); Campo Alegre, borda de campo, 26°16’S, 49°01”W, 2 October 2016, A . Nuernberg et al. 1816 ( FLOR); Orleans, Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, Estrada para o Morro da Igreja. Trilha para a Pedra Furada , 28°07’45’’S, 49°28’18’’W, 31 October 2014, P . Fiaschi et al. 4391 ( FLOR) ; São Bento do Sul, Minas de Caulin , 4 October 2015, P . Schwirkowski 1223 ( FURB); São Joaquim, Fazenda Domingos Borges, 28°26’24’’S, 49°59’55,79’’W, 20 September 2014, E . Barboza et al. 4177 ( MBM); Fundão do Boava , 28°27’35.1’’S, 49°53’26.2’’W, 22 September 2014, E . Barboza et al. 4187 ( FLOR, ICN, MBM); beira de estrada que vai de São Joaquim a São José dos Ausentes, 28°26’26.44’’S, 49°53’18.55’’W, 4 November 2016, A . Nuernberg et al. 1855 ( FLOR); Urubici, Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, Trilha da Cascatinha , 1348 m alt., 28°8’23.5’’S, 49°37’49.3’’W, 27 March 2011, P . Fiaschi et al. 3633 ( SPF202781 [web]); estrada para os campos de Santa Bárbara , ca. 2,5 km a partir do alojamento de pesquisadores, campos de altitude 1584 m alt., 28°09’12.1’’S, 49°38’10.1’’W, P . Fiaschi et al. 3638 ( SPF202769 [web]); Arredores do alojamento do ICMBio, 21 September 2014, P . Fiaschi et al. 4360 ( FLOR); Trilha do alojamento do ICMBio para a Cachoeira , 21 September 2014, P . Fiaschi et al. 4361 ( FLOR); PPBio-MA, próximo a TS 4500 , 28°09’55’’S, 49°38’44’’W, 13 September 2014, A . Nuernberg et al. 1906 ( FLOR); Zortéa, Margens PCH Agudo , 13 October 2010, E . Richetti 2 ( FLOR) .