Zolus wongi, Larochelle & Larivière & Larochelle & Larivière, 2017

Larochelle, Larivière, Marie-Claude, Larochelle & Larivière, 2017, Synopsis of the tribe Zolini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Insecta Mundi 2017 (594), pp. 1-110 : 14-16

Zolus wongi new species

Fig. 23 , 70 , 158

Holotype: male ( NZAC) labeled: “[ NEW ZEALAND BR] Mt Dewar 1000m J.C. Watt (typed) / under bark [of] logs (typed) / Paparoa Range Dec. 1969 (typed) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Zolus wongi Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: one female (NZAC) and one male (LUNZ) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels.

Description. Body length 7.0– 8.3 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly piceous black; abdomen yellow laterally; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; apical half of femora pale yellow. Microsculpture moderately deep, isodiametric on head, moderately transverse on pronotum, very deep and strongly isodiametric on elytra. Iridescence absent. Very shiny on head and pronotum, dull on elytra, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae subfiliform, very long: segment 1 (scape) very long, about 2.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; a single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly). Tempora not inflated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, coarsely punctate across base, wrinkled discally and across base, moderately cordate, widest before middle; apex truncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead complete; sides moderately rounded, moderately sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves very deep, very long (longer than adjoining foveae); setiferous punctures absent on each side; posterolateral angles rectangular; posterolateral carinae sharp, very long (longer than adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defined, coarsely punctate, very deep and wide, oblong, prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, much wider than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Very long. Elytra. Moderately convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum. Shoulders slightly rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae complete, very deep, impunctate; stria 3 or interval 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Intervals subdepressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view ( Fig. 70 ): strongly arcuate, moderately widened in apical half; base slightly convex dorsally; middle angulate anteriorly and moderately sinuate dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex subtriangular, strongly convex dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide and long. Dorsal view: very wide, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area deflected to right); apex straight; basal orifice wide, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with six or seven apical setae.

Material examined. 402 specimens ( AMNZ, CMNZ, JNNZ, LUNZ, MONZ, NZAC).

Geographic distribution ( Fig. 158 ). South Island: BR, MB, MC, MK, NC, NN, SD, WD.

Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine, alpine. Epigean-arboreal. Wet forests (beech, broadleaf, podocarp), subalpine scrublands, and alpine meadows. Shaded or open ground. Nocturnal; active at night on logs and trees; hides during the day under logs, fallen branches, and stones. Gregarious.

Biology. Seasonality: October–August. Tenerals: December (BR), February (NN, SD), March (NC), April (WD). Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Occasionally infested with fungi (Laboulbeniales) and mites.

Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of flight). Fast runner. Regular climber on trees and logs.

Collecting techniques. Lifting logs, fallen branches, and stones; pitfall trapping.

Remarks. This species is named after Philip Wong (Auckland), a highly skilled health specialist and special acquaintance. Zolus wongi is morphologically close to Z. unisetosus . In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, Z. wongi has the following distinguishing features: body length 7.0– 8.3 mm; eyes moderately convex; pronotum moderately convex, widest before middle, sides moderately rounded, setiferous punctures absent on each side, base convex medially; elytra with intervals subdepressed and sutural apices obtusely rounded. Zolus wongi occurs mostly in western areas of the South Island (SD to WD), while Z. unisetosus is restricted to southwestern South Island (OL, WD).

Genus Oopterus Guérin-Méneville, 1841

Fig. 24–52 , 71–98 , 120–148

Oopterus Guérin-Méneville, 1841: 123 .

Type species. Oopterus clivinoides Guérin-Méneville, 1841 , by monotypy.

Description ( New Zealand). Body length 3.4–7.9 mm, rarely over 6.5 mm ( O. arthurensis , O. ocularius , O. trechoides ); not ovate, narrowed around bases of pronotum and elytra. Color dark or pale. Metallic luster present or absent. Dorsal surface mostly glabrous. Head. Narrow or moderately wide. Mandibles moderately long. Labrum slightly emarginate anteriorly (subtruncate in Oopterus palmai ). Eyes convex (subdepressed in O. discoideus , O. ocularius , O. quadripunctatus ); one or two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye (without puncture in O. suavis ). Antennae submoniliform (subfiliform in O. arthurensis , O. ocularius , O. trechoides ). Tempora inflated or not. Mentum tooth entire (usually acute, rarely rounded or subtruncate apically). Ligula with two fused setae. Thorax. Pronotum transverse, subquadrate or cordate; lateral grooves absent (rarely present); usually two setiferous punctures on each side, otherwise a single setiferous puncture or without setiferous puncture; posterolateral carinae usually present; base narrower than apex, as wide as apex or wider than apex. Scutellum visible, inserted entirely between elytral bases. Legs. Moderately long (rarely short or very long). Segments 1+2 of male protarsi with a single row of ventral scales. Elytra. Ovate or subovate (oblong in O. nanus ). Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4 (rarely complete, reaching about scutellum). Shoulders poorly to well developed, rounded or obtuse (oblique in O. arthurensis , O. trechoides ). Scutellar setiferous pore present, inserted at junction of striae 1+2. Scutellar striole present or absent. Striae complete or incomplete, consisting of lines (mostly replaced by rows of coarse punctures in O. laeviventris , O. lewisi ); usually three discal setiferous punctures in stria or row 3, or on interval 3 (four or five punctures in O. anglemensis , O. nanus , O. quadripunctatus ; a single puncture in O. arthurensis ; without or with one to three punctures in O. punctatus ); recurrent stria directed apically toward stria or row 5, 6 or 7. Subapical seta present (absent in O. clivinoides ). Apical seta present. Sutural apices rounded or obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae (two additional medial ambulatory setae in O. clivinoides , O. marrineri ); female with four apical ambulatory setae (two additional medial ambulatory setae in O. clivinoides ). Aedeagus. Lateral view: dorsal membranous area narrow (rarely wide). Dorsal view ( Fig. 15 ): moderately or very wide (narrow in O. clivinoides , O. nanus , O. patulus ); basal orifice narrow (wide in O. ocularius , O. suavis ), closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area (close to membranous area in O. collaris , O. fulvipes , O. patulus ); lateral lobes of basal bulb absent. Parameres with two to seven apical setae. Right paramere curved, very long, narrow, untwisted medially.

References. Johns 1974: 297–300 (revision, subantarctic islands); Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 73–79 (catalogue), 2007: 44–45 (description, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 20–21 (list).

Remarks. In the course of this revision, species previously assigned to the genus Oopterus were found to belong to two subtribes and four genera: Zolina ( Oopterus , Zolus reinstated) and Merizodina ( Maungazolus new genus, Pseudoopterus reinstated). Three taxa are transferred from Oopterus to Zolus ( Oopterus carinatus Broun, 1882 ; O. helmsi ( Sharp, 1886) ; O. subopacus ( Broun, 1915)) , three taxa to Maungazolus ( Oopterus pallidipes Broun, 1893 ; O. parvulus Broun, 1903 ; O. pygmeatus Broun, 1907 ), and two taxa to Pseudoopterus ( Oopterus plicaticollis Blanchard, 1843 ; O. latipennis Broun, 1903 ). The morphological character unifying Oopterus species and distinguishing them from Zolus species is the curved, very long and narrow, medially untwisted right paramere of the aedeagus.

Figures

Figures 23–26. Dorsal habitus. 23) Zolus wongi new species. 24) Oopterus suavis. 25) O. laevicollis. 26) O. quadripunctatus new species. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 66–73. Aedeagi, lateral. 66) Zolus subopacus. 67) Z. kauriensis new species. 68) Z. carinatus. 69) Z. helmsi. 70) Z. wongi new species. 71) Oopterus suavis. 72) O. laevicollis. 73) O. quadripunctatus new species.

Figures 154–158. Species distribution maps. 154) Zolus carinatus. 155) Z. helmsi. 156) Z. kauriensis new species. 157) Z. subopacus. 158) Z. wongi new species.

Figures 27–30. Dorsal habitus. 27) Oopterus discoideus new species. 28) O. marrisi new species. 29) O. lewisi. 30) O. patulus. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 31–34. Dorsal habitus. 31) Oopterus fulvipes. 32) O. sobrinus. 33) O. collaris. 34) O. laeviventris. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 35–38. Dorsal habitus. 35) Oopterus arthurensis new species. 36) O. corvinki new species. 37) O. palmai new species. 38) O. monticola new species. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 39–42. Dorsal habitus. 39) Oopterus strenuus. 40) O. clivinoides. 41) O. mohiensis new species. 42) O. frontalis. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 43–46. Dorsal habitus. 43) Oopterus punctatus new species. 44) O. trechoides new species. 45) O. sculpturatus. 46) O. taieriensis new species. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 47–50. Dorsal habitus. 47) Oopterus ocularius. 48) O. marrineri. 49) O. anglemensis new species. 50) O. nanus new species. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 51–54. Dorsal habitus. 51) Oopterus garnerae new species. 52) O. nunni new species. 53) Synteratus ovalis. 54) Pseudoopterus otiraensis new species. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 118–123. Species distribution maps. 118) Maungazolus septempunctatus new species. 119) M. tararuaensis new species. 120) Oopterus anglemensis new species. 121) O. arthurensis new species. 122) O. clivinoides. 123) O. collaris.

Figures 124–129. Species distribution maps. 124) Oopterus corvinki new species. 125) O. discoideus new species. 126) O. frontalis. 127) O. fulvipes. 128) O. garnerae new species. 129) O. laevicollis.

Figures 130–135. Species distribution maps. 130) Oopterus laeviventris. 131) O. lewisi. 132) O. marrineri. 133) O. marrisi new species. 134) O. mohiensis new species. 135) O. monticola new species.

Figures 136–141. Species distribution maps. 136) Oopterus nanus new species. 137) O. nunni new species. 138) O. ocularius. 139) O. palmai new species. 140) O. patulus. 141) O. punctatus new species.

Figures 142–147. Species distribution maps. 142) Oopterus quadripunctatus new species. 143) O. sculpturatus. 144) O. sobrinus. 145) O. strenuus. 146) O. suavis. 147) O. taieriensis new species.

Figures 148–153. Species distribution maps. 148) Oopterus trechoides new species. 149) Pseudoopterus fiordlandensis new species. 150) P. latipennis. 151) P. otiraensis new species. 152) P. plicaticollis. 153) Synteratus ovalis.

Figures 1–18. Microsculpture: 1) isodiametric; 2) moderately transverse; 3) very transverse. Ligula: 4) with two fused setae; 5) four setae (medial setae fused); 6) six setae (medial setae fused). Mentum tooth: 7) entire, acute; 8) entire, rounded; 9) entire, truncate; 10) bifid. Elytral apex: 11) subapical seta present; 12) subapical seta absent. Right paramere: 13) straight, twisted medially; 14) curved, untwisted. Aedeagus, dorsal: 15) basal orifice closed anteriorly; 16–18) basal orifice open anteriorly.