Carijoa riisei ( Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1860 )

Castro, C. B., Medeiros, M. S. & Loiola, L. L., 2010, Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Brazilian reefs, Journal of Natural History 44 (13 - 14), pp. 763-827 : 770-773

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222930903441160
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/554D1963-FFF4-FFF4-FE86-F72C0BBC6218
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Carijoa riisei ( Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1860 )
status

Treatment

Carijoa riisei ( Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1860) View in CoL

( Figures 1 View Figure 1 , 2A,A′ View Figure 2 , 3)

For the synonymy previous to 1961, see Telesto riisei in Bayer (1961: 39–42, figs. 3–4, 9g, pl. 12).

Telesto riisei: Tixier-Durivault 1970: 147 View in CoL ; Verseveldt 1978: 42, fig. 3.

Carijoa riisei: Kammers and Saalfeld 1989: 28 View in CoL ; Humann 1993: 82–83 (field guide); Hetzel and Castro 1994: 82–83 (photos only); Sánchez 1994: 137–147; Grigg 2003: 121–123 (Hawaii, invasion?).

? Carijoa riisei: Calcinai et al. 2004: 938 View in CoL , fig. 2.

Diagnosis

Colonies with long, slender polyps arising from creeping stolons ( Figure 2A View Figure 2 ). Polyps longitudinally grooved. Lateral polyps brooding from walls of other polyps up to the fourth order of ramification ( Figure 2A′ View Figure 2 ). Anthocodial armature weak, sclerites ( Figure 3A View Figure 3 ) in 16 longitudinal series (eight on the insertion of mesenteries; eight between mesenteries), no chevrons; anthostele with ramified, long rods, with varying degrees of fusion ( Figure 3B–D View Figure 3 ) ( Bayer 1961: 39).

Description

For a complete description see Bayer (1961: 39–42, figs. 3–4, 9g, pl. 12).

Material

USA: Florida ( USNM 49691); Texas ( USNM 51966). Puerto Rico ( USNM 42597). Curaçao ( USNM 51273). Suriname ( USNM 51478). Brazil: Pará ( USNM 50581– 50582); Maranhão ( MNRJ 00396, 03979); Paraíba (UFPb 295, 297, 299, 300, 301; MNRJ 00156, 00397); Pernambuco ( MNRJ 00381, 00398); Alagoas ( MNRJ 03385); Bahia ( MNRJ 01394, 01838, 01843, 02101, 02198, 02521, 02583, 02750, 02774, 02834, 02952, 02953, 03150, 03162, 03993, 04148, 04711; USNM 50377); Espírito Santo ( MNRJ 00382, 00395, 00632, 00642, 01140, 01972, 02517, 02520, 03997, 04154); Rio de Janeiro ( MNRJ 00150, 00151, 00153, 00378, 00383, 00384, 00385, 00386, 00387, 00388, 00389, 00390, 00391, 00393, 00427, 00629, 00870, 00873, 01061, 01485, 01701, 01737, 01738, 01967, 01968, 01969, 01970, 01971, 01974, 01978, 03963, 03189, 04534, 04553, 04734, 04884; USNM 50376); São Paulo ( MNRJ 00154, 00155, 00392, 02798); Paraná ( MNRJ 01980); Santa Catarina ( MNRJ 00394, 01094, 01462). China: Shangai ( USNM 49554).

Type depository

“ Museum in Turin ” ( Deichmann 1936: 44) .

Type locality

St Thomas, Virgin Islands, Antilles ( Duchassaing and Michelotti 1860: 34–35).

Geographic distribution

Almost circum-tropical: western Atlantic (from Florida, USA, to Santa Catarina State, Brazil), St Paul’s Rocks ( Edwards and Lubbock 1983), eastern Atlantic ( Sierra Leone – Verrill 1870a), Indian Ocean ( Zanzibar – Verrill 1870a), Indo-Pacific (Sion Gulf, Singapore, Shanghai, Sumatra, Manila, “New Britain” – Laackmann 1909; Shann 1912 – and probably as a deep-water invasive species in Hawaii – Grigg 2003). The species was recorded off Brazil from shallow pools (almost exposed to air) to 95 m deep, off the Amazon ( Bayer 1959). Oceanic areas in the South Atlantic: Vitória Seamount ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 ).

Remarks

Carijoa riisei usually occurs in shaded areas, such as the entrances of caves, passages and under overhangs. In Abrolhos, it is commonest near the bases of the reefs. However, it can be found in tide pools, as at Tamandaré, Pernambuco State, or in direct sunlight on rocky shores, as at Armação dos Búzios, Rio de Janeiro State, or over the bottom, as in the São Sebastião Channel, São Paulo State, where it can cover most of the available space below 8 m deep.

Calcinai et al. (2004) described an association between a “ Carijoa riisei ” and the sponge Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882) . The ectosomal tissue is pale pink in colour, while the interior is a salmon-shaded orange in their sponge. Although there are doubts about the identity of their octocoral (they described light pink, live colonies, with light yellow polyps), associations between Brazilian Carijoa riisei and an undetermined, orange sponge are also quite common.

The widespread distribution of this species may be partly explained by its dispersal capacity, through attachment to floating objects (wood, ships, etc.). Living colonies were even recorded on the shell of a turtle Chelonia midas (J. Frasier, personal communication).