Kukulcania mexicana, Magalhaes & Ramírez, 2019

Magalhaes, Ivan L. F. & Ramírez, Martín J., 2019, The Crevice Weaver Spider Genus Kukulcania (Araneae: Filistatidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 426, pp. 1-153 : 103-108

Kukulcania mexicana , sp. nov.

Figures 4C , 8N , 31C , 61–64

TYPE MATERIAL: HOLOTYPE: Querétaro: Piñal de Amoles , Campamento El Jabalí , 4 km E Bucarelli (N21.03381°, W99.5906°, 1646 m), 14.xi.2009, 1♂ ( CNAN-Ar DNA-0047 ). PARA-

TYPES: MEXICO. Distrito Federal: no further data [N19.43261°, W99.13321°], 1♂ (AMNH); Ciudad de México, M. Forman, 1♀ (CAS 9060647). Guanajuato: 10 miles E Guanajuato [N21.09547°, W101.13056°], C.E. Griswold & R.R. Jackson, 15.ix.1976, 1♀ (UCB). Hidalgo: 1 mile E Zimapán [N20.7386°, W99.38118°], J.A. Beatty, 24.vi.1963, 1♀ 1 imm. (AMNH); 2 miles SW Jacala (N20.59°, W99.13°), J. and W. Ivie, 18.viii.1964, 1♂ 1♀ 5 imm. (AMNH IFM-1651, IFM-1640); 3 km N Huautla (N20.71818°, W98.837°, 1625m), O. Francke et al., 28.iv.2006, 1♀ (CNAN-Ar 8185); 4 miles N of Tizayuca [N19.88271°, W98.94487°], E.S. Ross, 20.xi.1946, 1♀ (CAS 9057576); Cardonal, 2 km N Pinalito (N20.67133°, W99.1043°, 2301m), 16.x.2009, 1♀ (CNAN-Ar DNA-0043); El Tablón 7 miles SE Zimapan (N20.4°, W99.2°), J. and W. Ivie, 19. viii.1964, 1♂ 1♀ 2 imm. (AMNH IFM-1642).

REMARKS: W.J. Gertsch identified this species under the manuscript name “ Filistata azteca .”

ETYMOLOGY: The name is an adjective in reference to Mexico, the only country where this species can be found.

DIAGNOSIS: Males are similar to those of K. brignolii and K. santosi in having incrassate, strong setae in the prolateral border of the cymbium. They differ in having a long embolus with two coils (short, uncoiled in K. brignolii ) and by the simple apex of the incrassate setae in the cymbium (fig. 62) (spatulate in K. santosi ). They also have much longer macrosetae in the ventral faces of femur I (fig. 61C). Females are similar to K. brignolii in having long, curved sclerotized bars that do not taper posteriorly, and spermathecae that project anteriorly to the margin of the uterus externus. K. mexicana might be distinguished by the larger glandular portion of the spermathecae apex which is placed ectally to the membranous portion (smaller, ventrally placed glandular portion in K. brignolii ), and by the usually more bent sclerotized bars (fig. 64).

DESCRIPTION: Male holotype from Piñal de Amoles, Querétaro, Mexico (CNAN-DNA-Ara 0047). Coloration yellowish cream. Carapace very lightly stippled with light brown. Sternum yellowish light brown, with white markings. Abdomen dorsum grayish yellow. Clypeus short. Sternum oval, with two pairs of sigillae. Total length 7.39. Carapace length 3.37, width 2.84, clypeus length 0.19. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME‰.157; PME‰.208; ALE ‰.24; PLE 0.23; AME–AME 0.053; PME–PME 0.207. Sternum length 1.56, width 1.57. Palp: femur length 4.14, height 0.5; tibia length 3.75, height 0.587. Leg I: femur (fe) 6.76; patella (pa) 1.58; tibia (ti) missing from tibia. II: fe 5.56; pa 1.41; missing from tibia. III: fe 5.07; pa 1.31; ti 4.34; mt 5.37; ta 3.23. IV: fe 6.55; pa 1.5; ti 6.3; mt 7.92; ta 4.26. Abdomen: length 4.03, width 1.72. Palp macrosetae long, in several rows along femur ventral face. Leg macrosetae (counts from tibia, metatarsus and tarsus I and II from specimen AMNH IFM-1651): fe I 6d, p11, 16v, 9r, all very long; ti I d3, 7p, 11v, 1r; mt I 3d, 64p, 16v, 1r; ta I 13v; fe II 5d, 6p, 12v, 7r; ti II 1d, 2p, 8v; mt II 3d, 9p, 12v, 2r; ta II 9v; fe III 6d, 3p, 12v, 2r; ti III 3d, 4p, 4v, 3r; mt III 4d, 5p, 10v, 4r; ta III 11v; fe IV 9d, 2p, 20v, 1r; ti IV 4d, 3p, 6v, 3r; mt IV 4d, 5p, 14v, 2r; ta IV 12v. Palp: cymbium long, with strong, incrassate setae on both prolateral and retrolateral faces; bulb short; sperm duct with at least three coils; embolus long, with two coils, thick at apex. State of the specimen: good, left palp dissected, both legs I missing from tibia, right leg II set apart for DNA extraction, right legs III and IV disarticulated from tibia.

Female paratype from Cardonal, Hidalgo, Mexico (CNAN-DNA-Ara‰043). Coloration very dark, reddish brown. Carapace brown, stippled on median area and lateral borders with dark brown. Sternum and first femora and tibiae hirsute, with long setae. Leg coxae and femora with longitudinal brown stripes. Anterior margin of the carapace unmodified. Sternum oval, with two pairs of sigillae. Total length 11.39. Carapace length 4.79, width 3.59, clypeus length 0.74. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.138; PME 0.233; ALE 0.338; PLE‰.263; AME–AME‰.095; PME–PME 0.271. Sternum length 1.94, width 2.07. Palp: femur length 2.62, height 1.06; tibia length 1.57, height 0.89. Leg I: femur (fe) 5; patella (pa) 1.77; tibia (ti) 4.55; metatarsus (mt) 4.05; tarsus (ta) 2.21. II: fe 3.97; pa 1.59; ti 3.26; mt 3.18; ta 1.72. III: fe 3.34; pa 1.52; ti 2.72; mt 2.59; ta 1.46. IV: fe 4.48; pa 1.58; ti 3.82; mt 3.55; ta 1.66. Abdomen: length 7.1, width 4.74. Palp macrosetae on ventral surface of tibia and tarsus. Leg macrosetae present on ventral surfaces of tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi; femora with one dorsal macroseta on basal third. Interpulmonary fold large, rounded, covering the spermathecae dorsally. Sclerotized lateral bars present, strong, curved, posteriorly blunt; membranous portion of the spermathecae apex subrounded; glandular portion positioned ectally to the membranous part. State of the specimen: good, genitalia dissected, right leg II set apart for DNA extraction.

INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION: Males (N = 4): total length 6.78–7.39 (7.07), carapace length 2.99–3.37 (3.16), femur I length 5.72–7.02 (6.59), tibia I length 5.31–7.62 (6.55), femur/ carapace ratio 1.84–2.35 (2.09). Females (N = 5): total length 7.4–14.06 (10.22), carapace length 3.41–6.16 (4.38), femur I length 3.67– 5.98 (4.44), tibia I length 3.52–5.2 (4.12), femur/ carapace ratio 0.96–1.13 (1.02). Most males have incrassate setae on both sides of the cymbium, while the male from Coahuila has them only on the prolateral side (fig. 62G–H); it also has fewer macrosetae on the legs than males in other populations and has both emboli broken; therefore we cannot dismiss the possibility that it could belong to another species. The shape of the female genitalia is variable, especially the sclerotized bars (fig. 64).

NATURAL HISTORY: Unknown; specimens in collections have no natural history data associated with their labels.

DISTRIBUTION: Central Mexico, with a doubtful record from Coahuila (see comment on intraspecific variation above) (fig. 4C).

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED: MEXICO. Coahuila: San Pedro [N25.75721°, W102.98386°], W.J. Gertsch, 20.viii.1947, 1♂ 1 imm. (AMNH IFM-1552). Distrito Federal: [N19.43261°, W99.13321°], D.L. Frizzell and H. Exline-Frizzell, ix.1943, 1♀ (MCZ 69198); R.H. Crandall, 28. xii.1940, 1♀ 1 imm. (AMNH); Cuicuilco [N19.37659°, W99.15098°], B. Malkin, 12. viii.1955, 1♀ (AMNH); San Angel [N19.34652°, W99.19129°], C.J. Goodnight, 13.viii.1946, missing spermathecae, 1♂ 1♀ 1 imm. (AMNH); San Jerónimo [N19.25067°, W99.09098°], J.C. and D.L. Pallister, 1.vii.1946, 1♀ (AMNH). Guanajuato: 0.5 miles S of San Luis Potosí border, off highway 57 [N21.57421°, W100.75341°], W.D. Sissom, 24.viii.1984, 1♀ (AMNH); 36 km N San Luis de La Paz (N21.56944°, W100.75194°, 1870m), L. Prendini, O. Francke, E. Gonzaléz and J. Soriano, 27.vii.2002, 1♀ (AMNH). Hidalgo: 11.7 miles S Metzquititlán, off Mex-105 [N20.43028°, W98.68444°], L.K. Erickson and M.E. Soleglad, 5.viii.1973, 1♀ (AMNH); 18 miles E Huichapán [N20.43332°, W99.41546°], W.D. Sissom, C. Myers and L. Born, 25.viii.1984, 1♀ (AMNH); 2 miles NE Tizayuca (N19.58°, W98.51°), W.J. Gertsch and W. Ivie, 22.iv.1963, 1♀ (AMNH IFM-1572); 5 miles N Zimapan [N20.80322°, W99.38503°], E.S. Ross, 21.xi.1946, 2♀ 1 imm. (AMNH IFM-1643); 5 miles S Zimapan [N20.6665°, W99.38063°], V. Roth and W. Gertsch, 20.vii.1956, with two egg sacs, 5♀ 6 imm. (AMNH IFM-1405); 5 miles SW Jacala [N20.57°, W99.14°], W.J. Gertsch and W. Ivie, 21.iv.1963, 1♀ (AMNH); Jacala (N21.01°, W99.12°), 20.iv.1963, 2♀ 1 imm. (AMNH); Tax - quillo (Tzindejeh), Río Tula (N20.33°, W99.19°), J. and W. Ivie, 20.viii.1964, 1♀ (AMNH); Tlalpam [N19.29154°, W99.1719°], H. Wagner, 20.vii.1947, 1♀ 3 imm. (AMNH). Oaxaca: 8 miles N Miahuatlán [N16.40419°, W96.66479°], C.M. Bogert, 5. ix.1962, 1♂ (AMNH IFM-1591). Querétaro: Querétaro [N20.58879°, W100.38989°], S.A. Minton, 1♀ (AMNH). Tlaxcala: 8 miles W Capulalpán [N19.56362°, W98.68331°], S.C. Williams and C.L. Mullinex, 30.x.1973, 7♀ 2 imm. (CAS 9060657); La Venta [N19.56315°, W98.68402°], 11.ii.1939, caught in the middle of an imaginal molt, 1♀ 2 imm. (AMNH).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Distribution map of A, Kukulcania tractans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) and K . santosi. (white dots represent literature records from Brescovit and Santos, 2013), B, K . benita, sp. nov., K . brignolii (Alayón, 1981), comb. nov., K . cochimi, sp. nov., K . geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), K . gertschi, sp. nov., and K . tequila, and C, K . arizonica (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935), K . bajacali, sp. nov., K . chingona, sp. nov., and K . mexicana, sp. nov.

FIGURE 8. Kukulcania spp., female spermathecae, ventral. A. K . brignolii (Alayón, 1981), comb. nov. (AMNH IFM-1524). B. K . mexicana, paratype (CNAN-Ar DNA0043). C. K . santosi, paratype (AMNH IFM-1528). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 31. Kukulcania spp., female spermathecae, ventral view except where noted. A. Kukulcania hurca (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942) (AMNH IFM-1402). B. K . brignolii (Alayón, 1981), comb. nov. (AMNH IFM- 1406). C. K . mexicana (AMNH IFM-1405). D. K . santosi (AMNH IFM-1403), dorsal. E. K . tractans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) (AMNH IFM-1416). F. K . tequila, paratype (AMNH IFM-1666). G. Same, anterior. H. K . geophila (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1935) (AMNH IFM-1391).

FIGURE 61. Kukulcania mexicana, males, habitus. A–D. Holotype from Mexico, Querétaro, Piñal de Amoles (CNAN-Ar DNA0047). A. Dorsal. B. Ventral. C. Left femur I, retrolateral. D. Lateral. E. Male from Coahuila, San Pedro (AMNH IFM-1552), subanterior. F. Paratype from Hidalgo, 2 miles southwest of Jacala (AMNH IFM-1651), left legs I–II, prolateral. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 62. Kukulcania mexicana, left male palps. A–D. Holotype from Mexico, Querétaro, Piñal de Amoles (CNAN-Ar DNA0047). A–B. Prolateral. C. Dorsal. D. Retrolateral. E. Paratype from Hidalgo, 2 miles SW Jacala (AMNH IFM-1651), prolateral. F. Male from Oaxaca, 8 miles N Miahuatlán (AMNH IFM-1591), prolateral. G–H. Male from Coahuila, San Pedro (AMNH IFM-1552). G. Prolateral. H. Retrolateral. Scale bars = 0.2 mm except for A, 1 mm.

FIGURE 63. Kukulcania mexicana, female paratype from Mexico, Hidalgo, Cardonal (CNAN-Ar DNA0043), habitus. A. Dorsal. B. Lateral. C. Ventral. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 64. Kukulcania mexicana, female spermathecae, ventral. A–B. Paratype from Mexico, Hidalgo, Cardonal (CNAN-Ar DNA0043). C. Paratype from Hidalgo, El Tablón (AMNH IFM-1642). D. Hidalgo, 2 miles NE Tizayuca (AMNH IFM-1572). E. Paratype from Hidalgo, 2 miles SW Jacala (AMNH IFM-1640).