Drosophila warmi, Peñafiel-Vinueza & Rafael, 2019

Peñafiel-Vinueza, Ana Danitza & Rafael, Violeta, 2019, Five new species of the Drosophila tripunctata group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador, European Journal of Taxonomy 494, pp. 1-18 : 3-7

Drosophila warmi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F64D7E97-D209-4D70-B011-493B438BFE59

Figs 1–3

Diagnosis

Aristae with six dorsal and three ventral branches, plus terminal fork. Prominent vibrissa. Thorax yellowish brown. Wings transparent yellow, bM-Cu slightly clouded. Male abdomen yellow with dorsal midline, 2 nd to 4 th tergites with thin pigmented bands, 5 th tergite without pigmentation and 6 th with a median spot. Female abdomen yellow with dorsal midline, 1 st tergite yellow, 2 nd to 4 th tergites with thin pigmented bands, 5 th and 6 th with a median spot between both tergites. Cerci not fused to epandrium. Hypandrium shield-shaped. Gonopod bearing one thick bristle. Paraphyses fused to gonopod bearing one small bristle. Aedeagus tubular and bifid, with two lateral sclerotized and serrated projections, and two ventral membranous enlargements covered in bright studs. Spermatheca balloon-shaped, with a distal dimple covered in short spines.

Etymology

In the Kichwa language, ‘ warmi ’ refers to ‘woman’. The species name is in honor of Ecuadorian women.

Material examined

Holotype

ECUADOR • ♀ (dissected, terminalia in microvial, dry mounted); Zamora Chinchipe Prov., Bombuscaro , 1000 m a.s.l.; 04°06′59.8″ S, 78°58′04.9″ W; 23 Apr. 2015; A. Peñafiel leg.; A. Peñafiel and V. Rafael det.; QCAZ-I 3344 .

Allotype

ECUADOR • ♂ (dissected, terminalia in microvial, dry mounted, descendant from isofemale line F 1); same data as for holotype; QCAZ-I 3345.

Paratypes

ECUADOR • 8 ♀♀ (dissected, terminalia in microvial, dry mounted, from among 24 descendants from isofemale line F 1); same data as for holotype; QCAZ-I 3347 to 3354 • 1 ♂ (dissected, terminalia in microvial, dry mounted, descendant from isofemale line F 1); same data as for holotype; QCAZ-I 3346 .

Description

Female The female was chosen as the holotype for this species because both males are in poor condition. Holotype external morphology: total length (body + wings) 4 mm, body length 3 mm. Body color yellow.

HEAD. Aristae with six dorsal and three ventral branches, plus terminal fork and fine hairs. Head with orbital plate yellowish brown, frontal length 0.27 mm, frontal index = 0.61, top to bottom width ratio = 0.18. Medial vertical seta closer to lateral vertical seta and slightly towards outer edge of orbital plate, vt index = 0.19; or1–or3 ratio = 1, or2–or1 ratio = 0.91. Ocellar triangle brown, ocellus yellow; frontal triangle yellowish brown. Frontal vitta yellowish brown. Gena and postgena yellow, cheek index = 9.5. Vibrissa prominent, vibrissa index = 0.27. Carina prominent and not sulcate. Proboscis yellow. Eyes scarlet, eye index = 4.02.

THORAX. Yellowish brown, thorax length 0.94 mm, acrostichal hairs in seven rows between two anterior dorsocentral setae, h index = 1.37, dc index = 0.82. Scutellum yellow; basal scutellar setae divergent, scut index = 1.12. Medial katepisternal seta same size as anterior, sterno index = 0.51. Legs yellow.

WINGS. Transparent yellow, bM-Cu slightly clouded ( Fig. 1A ). Alar length 2.51 mm, alar width 1.10 mm. Alar indices: alar = 2.26; C = 4.21; a c = 1.68; hb = 0.47; 4c = 0.6; 4v = 1.42; 5x = 1.08; M = 0.38 and prox. x = 0.58.

ABDOMEN. Yellow with dorsal midline, 1 st tergite yellow, 2 nd to 4 th tergites with thin pigmented bands, 5 th and 6 th with a median spot between both tergites ( Fig. 1A ).

TERMINALIA. Ovipositor sclerotized, slipper-shaped, with 15 marginal and five discal teeth, one long bristle and three fine hairs ( Fig. 1B ). Spermatheca sclerotized, balloon-shaped, with a distal dimple covered in short spines ( Fig. 1C ).

Variation in paratypes (dry mounted specimens)

Head: frontal length 0.26–0.32 mm, frontal index = 0.63–0.72, top to bottom width ratio = 0.13–0.22; vt index = 0.14–0.22, or1–or3 ratio = 0.84–1.33, or2–or1 ratio = 0.67–1.27; cheek index = 8.71–12.4; vibrissa index = 0.14–0.39; eye index = 2.2–3.87. Thorax: h index = 0.70–2.2, dc index = 0.74–0.82; scut index = 1.12–1.47; sterno index = 0.51–0.66.

Male

Reared from an isofemale line. Only two males emerged and both died crushed into the culture media. Morphologically with same characteristics as female except for abdomen, which is yellow and with a faint tiny spot on 6 th tergite ( Fig. 2A ).

MALE TERMINALIA. Epandrium dorsally microtrichose, ventral lobe with 9 bristles on right and 6 on left side. Cerci not fused to epandrium, dorsally microtrichose. Surstylus with 9 primary teeth and 13 marginal bristles on right side and 14 on left ( Fig. 2B ). Hypandrium shield-shaped, with sclerotized edge. Gonopod U-shaped, with some bright studs, bearing one thick bristle ( Fig. 2C ).

AEDEAGUS. Tubular and bifid, with two lateral sclerotized and serrated projections, below these projections with two ventral, membranous enlargements covered in bright studs. Aedeagal apodeme shorter than aedeagus. Ventral rod slightly developed ( Fig. 2D–F ). Paraphyses fused to gonopod, bearing one small bristle.

Distribution

Known only from the type locality.

Relationship to other species

This species belongs to subgroup II of the tripunctata group. The most similar species is Drosophila cuaso Bächli, Vilela & Ratcov, 2000 .

Figures

Fig. 1. Drosophila warmi sp. nov. Holotype, ♀ (QCAZ-I 3344). A. Abdomen and wing, dorsal view. B. Ovipositor. C. Spermatheca.

Fig. 2. Drosophila warmi sp. nov. Allotype, ♂ (QCAZ-I 3345). A. Abdomen, dorsal view. B. Epandrium, cerci, surstylus, decasternum. C. Hypandrium, gonopods and paraphyses in ventral view. D–F. Aedeagus in ventral, lateral and dorsal view, respectively.

Fig. 3. Drosophila warmi sp. nov. A–C. Allotype, ♂ (QCAZ-I 3345), aedeagus in ventro-lateral to lateral view, respectively; arrows show the two lateral sclerotized projections. D. Holotype, ♀ (QCAZ-I 3344), spermatheca; arrow shows the centrodistal spines. E. Paratype, ♀ (QCAZ-I 33XX), spermatheca; arrow shows the centrodistal spines.