Labidesthes vanhyningi Bean and Reid 1930

Werneke, David C. & Armbruster, Jonathan W., 2015, Silversides of the genus Labidesthes (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae), Zootaxa 4032 (5), pp. 535-550 : 542-545

Labidesthes vanhyningi Bean and Reid 1930

Golden Silverside

( Figs. 4 , 6–7 )

Labidesthes vanhyningi Bean and Reid, 1930 . Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 43:193–194.

Material examined. Holotype: USNM 88485 (1), 58 mm SL, 20 January 1927, Prairie Creek, six miles east of Gainesville, Florida, by O.C. Van Hyning.

Nontypes: Altamaha River drainage: AUM 27529 (2 + 2 c&s), UT 158.36, UT 158.188, UT 158.189, UT 158.190, UT 158.260, UT 158.275, UT 158.284, UT 158.380.

Apalachicola River drainage: AUM 11557 (3), AUM 14268 (2), AUM 29164 (1), AUM 29625 (2 + 2 c&s), AUM 30021 (1), AUM 30977 (1), AUM 31040 (1), AUM 32041 (2), AUM 34350 (6), AUM 37383 (2), NCSM 28067, NCSM 28101, NCSM 28127, UAIC 1675.09 (2), UAIC 7774.05 (7), UAIC 9713.06 (2), UF 105469 (3), UT 158.143, UT 158.145, UT 158.149, UT 158.150, UT 158.151, UT 158.152, UT 158.153, UT 158.155, UT 158.156, UT 158.157, UT 158.169, UT 158.170, UT 158.174, UT 158.175, UT 158.177, UT 158.178, UT 158.197, UT 158.198, UT 158.219, UT 158.222, UT 158.226, UT 158.230, UT 158.231, UT 158.232, UT 158.234, UT 158.243, UT 158.244, UT 158.245, UT 158.246, UT 158.247, UT 158.248, UT 158.249, UT 158.250, UT 158.251, UT 158.257, UT 158.258, UT 158.269, UT 158.278, UT 158.381.

Atchafalaya River drainage: TU 959, TU 87382.

Biloxi Bay drainage: AUM 50823, TU 137964, TU 142348, TU 143040.

Calcasieu River drainage: TU 41495, TU 123267, TU 200886, TU 203234.

Caloosahatchee River drainage: NCSM 27388.

Cape Fear River drainage: NCSM 60434.

Choctawhatchee River drainage: AUM 31534, NCSM 55223.

Edisto River drainage: NCSM 25757, NCSM 25792, NCSM 25821, NCSM 25848, NCSM 25927.

Escambia River drainage: AUM 21393 (2), INHS 38424 (5), UAIC 11025.10 (1), UAIC 11645.07 (1), UT 158.81.

Everglades drainage: NCSM 27375, NCSM 27411, NCSM 27421, NCSM 27434, NCSM 27472, NCSM 27545, NCSM 27851, NCSM 29032, NCSM 29652, NCSM 29673, UF 17 (1), UF 6901 (3), UF 34425 (1), UF 34742 (1), UF 35071 (1), UF 44096 (3), UF 101937 (1), UF 102735 (1), UF 112022 (1), UF 127966 (2), UF 127967 (4).

Florida Atlantic Coast drainages: AUM 11369 (1), AUM 15042 (1), AUM 21204 (4 + 2 c&s), AUM 34037 (4), NCSM 28153, NCSM 31853, NCSM 55243, NCSM 55244, TU 12411, UF 26353 (3), UF 84245 (1), UF 127963 (4 + 2 c&s), UF 127964 (4), UF 127965 (2), UT 158.47.

Hillsborough Bay drainage: AUM 31984 (5 + 2 c&s), UAIC 8935.09 (2), UF 90879 (5).

Mermentau River drainage: TU 44562.

Lower Mississippi River drainage: TU 44891, TU 71386, TU 140587, UAIC 10297.12 (2), UT 158.90, UT 158.21, UT 158.125, UT 158.220, UT 158.390, UT 158.391, UT 158.393.

Mobile Bay drainage: AUM 6550 (7), AUM 7835 (1), AUM 8871 (1), AUM 13234 (1), AUM 19508 (1), AUM 19730 (1), AUM 21969 (2), AUM 22987 (1), AUM 30853 (2 c&s), AUM 30893 (3 + 2 c&s), AUM 31257 (1), AUM 32386 (1), AUM 33385 (1), AUM 34547 (2 c&s), AUM 50818, AUM 50832, NCSM 55238, UAIC 340.05 (1), UAIC 1087.13 (2 c&s), UAIC 1325.04 (3), UAIC 2013.09 (2), UAIC 3836.12 (1), UAIC 4079.15 (6 + 2 c&s), UAIC 4537.14 (1), UAIC 4579.09 (5), UAIC 6112.14 (3), UAIC 6120.08 (2), UAIC 6779.10 (1 + 2 c&s), UAIC 7024.09 (1), UAIC 7047.10 (1), UAIC 7195.12 (1), UAIC 9922.01 (2), UAIC 9924.01 (4), UAIC 10545.06 (3), UAIC 11292.01 (1), UAIC 11295.15 (1), UAIC 11704.07 (2), UAIC 12545.03 (1), UT 158.16, UT 158.205, UT 158.206, UT 158.207, UT 158.82.

Ochlockonee River drainage: AUM 26510 (1), UF 54415 (4), UT 158.144, UT 158.146, UT 158.158, UT 158.211, UT 158.229.

Ogeechee River drainage: AUM 33363 (2), UT 158.191, UT 158.193, UT 158.194, UT 158.195.

Pascagoula River drainage: AUM 50796, AUM 50797, AUM 50800, AUM 50804, AUM 50807, AUM 50808, AUM 50809, AUM 50810, AUM 50812, AUM 50819, AUM 50824, AUM 50825, AUM 50827, AUM 50829, NCSM 55239, NCSM 55240, NCSM 55241, NCSM 55242, TU 52078, TU 54736, TU 57457, TU 57479, TU 60476, TU 89722, TU 100014, TU 100070, UT 158.86, UT 158.392, UT 158.394.

Peace River drainage: AUM 14706 (4 + 1 c&s), NCSM 27498, UF 79631 (4), UT 158.32.

Pearl River drainage: AUM 14558 (1), AUM 50806, TU 7674, TU 7692, TU 7934, TU 14112, TU 25796, TU 39714, TU 43493, TU 45837, TU 45907, TU 68758, TU 81759, TU 188570.

Pee Dee River drainage: AUM 35256 (1), NCSM 21991, NCSM 22000, NCSM 25695, NCSM 25744, NCSM 25862, NCSM 25985, NCSM 26864, NCSM 26869, NCSM 26874, NCSM 28374, NCSM 28619, NCSM 28903, NCSM 29651, NCSM 30115, NCSM 30120, NCSM 30135, NCSM 30850, NCSM 30867, NCSM 31002, NCSM 31106, NCSM 31135, NCSM 31407, NCSM 31649, NCSM 33205, NCSM 33285, NCSM 35005, NCSM 35879, NCSM 35884, NCSM 35888, NCSM 35893, NCSM 35894, NCSM 45232, NCSM 46972, NCSM 51787, UT 158.310.

Lake Pontchartrain drainage: NCSM 55237, TU 1376, TU 238, TU 46114, TU 74932, TU 106950, TU 109877, TU 116482, TU 116685, TU 119388, TU 200887.

Neches River drainage: TU 106407, TU 200888, TU 200889.

Red River drainage: NCSM 36316, NCSM 36612, NCSM 37403, NCSM 37403, NCSM 37416, NCSM 55222, UAIC 778.02 (1), UT 158.22, UT 158.41.

Sabine River drainage: AUM 26380 (1), TU 114924, UF 29501 (1).

St. Helena Sound drainage: UT 158.24.

Bay St. Louis drainage: TU 4515, TU 7658, TU 8006, TU 14824, TU 64633, TU 68424, TU 79818, TU 89124, TU 133002, TU 134463, TU 153859, UAIC 1733.04 (2).

Santee River drainage: AUM 20393 (2 + 2 c&s), NCSM 46673.

Satilla River drainage: AUM 5012 (4), AUM 11278 (2 c&s), AUM 23041 (3), UF 23728 (1).

Savannah River drainage: AUM 24303 (1), AUM 24371 (2 + 2 c&s), AUM 24403 (1), NCSM 16790, NCSM 22905, NCSM 24780, NCSM 25094, UT 158.164, UT 158.165, UT 158.176, UT 158.276, UT 158.287, UT 158.288.

Suwannee River drainage: AUM 8969 (2), AUM 8993 (1), AUM 10263 (2), AUM 22079 (2 c&s), AUM 31977 (5), UMMZ 136575 (5 + 2 c&s), UT 158.14, UT 158.154, UT 158.159.

Withlacoochee River drainage: UF 120301 (10).

Yellow River drainage: AUM 31474 (2).

Diagnosis. Labidesthes vanhyningi differs from L. sicculus in having the anterolateral processes of the posttemporals shorter than width of the base (vs. longer than width of base: Fig. 5 ), a midlateral stripe that does not taper, usually expanding, to insertion of pectoral fin in advance of the first dorsal-fin (vs. tapering to insertion of pectoral fin in advance of first dorsal fin: Figs. 6 & 7 ), and a ratio of thoracic length to abdominal length less than 2 (vs. greater than 2).

Description. Meristics: median lateral scale rows (65–67) 68–88 (89–91); scales above midline 8–11; scales below midline (7) 8–10 (11); peduncle scales (16–17) 18–22; predorsal scales 31–44 (45–49); interdorsal scales (9) 10–15 (16–17); prepelvic scales (20) 21–27 (28–30); anus-anal-fin scales 2–6; postdorsal scales (12) 13–20 (21– 22); postanal scales (8) 9–14 (15); first dorsal (III) IV–VI; second dorsal I,8–11; pectoral 11–13 (14); pelvic 6; anal-fin I,(18) 19–25 (26); caudal (15–16) 17 (18) ( Table 2 ).

Morphometrics: specimens examined 50.5–76 mm; short head, four times into SL; eye large, 2.5 times into maximum body depth. Body compressed and elongate, ratio of thoracic length to abdominal length less than 2, maximum body depth six to eight times in SL.

Premaxillary long, weakly protrusible, curving ventrally midway along length, creating muzzle-like snout; terminal mouth, with moderately long, posteriorly curved, pointed, conical teeth. Forked caudal fin; second dorsal and anal fins falcate; anal fin long, extending from anterior of first dorsal to posterior of second dorsal; pelvic fin extending to anus; first dorsal-fin origin opposite of anal-fin origin; pectoral fin pointed, extending to insertion of pelvic fin. First dorsal spinous, second dorsal with one anterior spine followed by branched rays. Genital papilla short in males, absent in females ( Grier et al. 1990). Lateral line nearly absent, pored scales, if present, always found posterior to first dorsal usually concentrated on peduncle. Scales cycloid, extending onto caudal fin, absent from other fins; opercle scaled, scales extending to a spot below front of eye; top of head with or without scales, if present may extend to front of eye. Dorsal profile ascending gradually from tip of snout to supraoccipital, profile from supraoccipital to anterior insertion of second dorsal straight, and descending gradually to dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays. Ventral profile forming gentle arc from snout to ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays.

Color in life. Body translucent, with yellow or green tint ( Fig. 7 ). Breeding males with red muzzle and yellow to orange second dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. Midlateral silver band, narrowest on peduncle, broadening and fading anteriorly. Scales above midline and on dorsum outlined with melanophores, forming weak black stripe along center of dorsum. Venter with black stripe originating posterior to anus and terminating at the origin of the caudal fin. Distal one-third of first dorsal fin with melanophores on membranes forming a black band in males, not as pronounced in females. Head covered in melanophores, with supraoccipital densely pigmented, chin pigmented, dark spot on lower jaw at rear margin of mouth. Iris silver, dusky dorsally in some individuals, inside of mouth with scattered melanophores along margin and on outside of cheeks. Spines and rays outlined in melanophores, except on pelvic fin, which is devoid of pigment. Silver peritoneum visible through body wall.

Color in alcohol: Body pallid, lateral silver stripe along the midline overlaying a dark stripe, fading and broadening anteriorly ( Fig. 6 ). Scales above lateral stripe outlined in melanophores, dorsum with black stripe along middle. Venter with black stripe along middle, faint anterior to pelvic fin. Distal one-third of first dorsal fin with melanophores on membranes forming a black band in males, but not as pronounced in females. Head covered in melanophores, with occiput densely pigmented, lower jaw pigmented with dark spot at rear of mouth. Iris silver, dusky dorsally in some individuals, inside of mouth with scattered melanophores along margin and on outside of cheeks. Spines and rays outlined in melanophores, except in pelvic fin that is devoid of pigment.

Range. Labidesthes vanhyningi is known from Gulf of Mexico drainages from the Neches River (including the Lower Mississippi River) east around the southern tip of peninsular Florida and north to the Pee Dee River drainage ( Fig. 1 ).

Etymology. Patronymic for O. C. Van Hyning, former Curator of Reptiles and Fishes of The Florida State Museum and collector of the holotype ( Bean & Reid 1930).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Labidesthes sicculus (blue dots) and L. vanhyningi (red squares) examined in this study. Stars indicate type localities.

FIGURE 4. Syntypes of Chirostoma sicculum, UMMZ 213812 (A. 53 mm SL, B. 52 mm SL) and C. holotype of Labidesthes vanhyningi USNM 88485 58 mm SL. Scale bars equal 1 cm (shared for A and B). A and B by Ann Barget and the Great Lakes Invasive Species (UMMZ) project and C by Sandra J. Raredon, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History.

FIGURE 5. The anterolateral process of the post temporal (indicated by arrows) is longer than its width in Labidesthes sicculus (A.) and shorter than its width in L. vanhyningi (B.).

FIGURE 6. Labidesthes vanhyningi preserved specimen dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. AUM 21204, 62.95 mm SL, St. John’s River drainage, Marion County, FL.

FIGURE 7. Labidesthes vanhyningi live specimen. AUM 31984, 64.2 mm SL, Hillsborough River drainage, Hillsborough County, FL.