Augochlora (Augochlora) genalis, Lepeco & Gonçalves, 2020

Lepeco, Anderson & Gonçalves, Rodrigo Barbosa, 2020, A revision of the bee genus Augochlora Smith (Hymenoptera; Apoidea) in Southern South America, Zootaxa 4897 (1), pp. 1-97 : 42-45

Augochlora (Augochlora) genalis sp. nov.

( Figures 1C ; 3C ; 21 A–D; 22A–D; 50A)

Diagnosis. A. genalis sp. nov. females have an inflexed T1 apex and a spiniform projection on S1. Females can be separated from other similar Augochlora species by the labrum basal elevation poorly defined and the mandible distal part of adductor ridge inconspicuous ( Fig. 1C ). Males have no yellowish marks on clypeus and the sublateral surface of T2 marginal area with punctate portion usually as long as or longer than impunctate apical dark band ( Fig. 5A ). In addition, both males and females have a distinctly swollen gena behind ocelli and the pronotum dorsolateral angles obtuse and reflexed upwards, with an additional minute angle posteriorly at middle length.

Comments. As a common polymorphism related to social behavior, large females of some species of Augochlora (e.g. A.daphnis and A. iphigenia ) have swollen gena ( Sakagami & Moure 1965; Dalmazzo & Roig-Alsina 2012; Lepeco & Gonçalves 2018). In the case of A. genalis sp. nov., small females and males also exhibit this modification, despite their gena being comparatively less swollen than on large females. As far as we know this is the only case of this modification in small females and in males among Augochlora .

Description. ♀. Measurements. Maximum interocular distance: 1.52–2.35 (x‾ = 1.71, n = 10); head length: 2.08–2.68 (x‾ = 2.23, n = 10); clypeus width: 0.64–0.92 (x‾ = 0.72, n = 10); clypeus length: 0.44–0.60 (x‾ = 0.49, n = 10); clypeoantennal distance: 0.36–0.44 (x‾ = 0.39, n = 10); clypeus ocellar distance: 1.18–1.52 (x‾ = 1.27, n = 10); intertegular distance: 1.46–1,80 (x‾ = 1.48, n = 10); T1 width: 1.84–2.52 (x‾ = 2.12, n = 10); T2 width: 2.12–2.96 (x‾ = 2.44, n = 10); body length: 7.50–10.00 (x‾ = 8.40, n = 10).

Head. Labrum basal surface black; basal elevation not well defined laterally. Mandible mostly black, with basal green spot; medial portion strongly constricted, with about half basal width; preapical tooth large and sharp, produced near mandible apex; distal part of adductor ridge inconspicuous. Clypeus mostly green with golden reflection, apical black band <OD; punctate, punctures large and weak, mostly smooth in between, loosely imbricate on basal margin; apex not prolonged over apical border. Epistomal angle acute, strongly protruding over clypeus. Supraclypeal area green with golden reflection; densely punctate, smooth in between. Lower paraocular area green; crowded punctate; long setae (1–2 OD) intermixed with tiny setae. Antennae: mostly black, flagellum ventrally brown. Frons with green and blue iridescences intermixed; mostly contiguously punctate, medially crowded punctate; not protuberant above antennal sockets. Preoccipital area strongly lamellate, lamella expanded near post gena. Gena green. Post gena with golden reflection; microreticulate, some scattered weak punctures; setae length <3 OD. Hypostomal carina not projected anteriorly.

Mesosoma. Pronotum dorsolateral angle obtuse, reflexed upwards. Fore leg: coxa ventrally green; trochanter black; femur black with weak green reflection; ventral surface strongly rounded; long plumose setae (<3 OD); tibia and tarsus dark brown; white to yellowish setae on both. Mesoscutum green; densely punctate on disc, I <PD, sparser posterior to median line, mostly smooth in between, contiguously punctate on lateral surfaces, anterior bor-der punctate, microreticulate in between; setae length = OD. scutellum medial furrow inconspicuous; green; densely punctate, I <PD; with dense tiny setae intermixed with longer white setae (3 OD). Mesepisternum green; preepisternum rugose; hypoepimeral area contiguously punctate; below scrobe contiguously punctate, ventrally crowded punctate; with long setae (3 OD). Mid leg: coxa black with weak green reflection; trochanter black with weak green reflection; ventral margin widely rounded; femur dark brown, flattened, mesofemoral brush yellowish; tibia and tarsus dark brown; white to yellowish setae on both. Tegula dark brown with anterior green spot. Metanotum with dense tiny setae intermixed with longer white setae (= 3 OD). Metepisternum green; contiguously punctate, becoming crowded punctate to rugose above superior metapleural pit. Hind leg: coxa green, anterior and posterior surfaces ventrally separated by a smoothly curved area; trochanter black; setae length = 3 OD; femur dark brown; tibia and tarsus dark brown; outer surfaces without dark setae. Metapostnotum green; shorter than scutellum; entirely with radiating carinae, medially somewhat rugose. Propodeum green; with tiny and long (3 OD) setae intermixed; posterior surface punctate, smooth in between; lateral carinae ending below propodeum half; lateral surfaces imbricate among punctures.

Metasoma. T1 anterior surface sparsely punctate, smooth in between; mostly blue, base darkened; only with long setae, tiny decumbent setae absent. T1 dorsal surface sparsely punctate on disc, I> 3 PD, smooth in between; denser punctation on lateral surfaces; mostly blue; mostly glabrous, long setae (2 OD) on lateral surfaces; apex inflexed, black. T2 mostly blue; minutely punctate, denser punctation on lateral surfaces, mostly smooth, imbricate on disc; marginal area with punctate portion longer than apical black band on sublateral surfaces; tiny decumbent setae near base and on lateral surfaces, long setae (2 OD) on lateral surfaces. T3 weakly punctate, imbricate in between; mostly blue with green reflection, apical band black; tiny setae apex not reaching apical margin sublaterally. T4 weakly punctate, imbricate in between; mostly blue, apical band black; mostly with tiny decumbent setae, long setae (3 OD) scattered on disc and lateral surfaces. T5 black; pseudopygidial area not covered by scale-like setae, colliculate integument exposed. Pygidial plate black, apex rounded. S1 with a short spiniform projection; dark brown with weak blue iridescence; long setae (> 3 OD) medially, margin tiny decumbent setae. S2 mostly dark brown, apical band yellowish; medioapical margin sharp; punctate, microreticulate in between; long setae (> 3 OD). S3–4 as S2. S5 apical margin widely rounded; brown; long setae (> 3 OD). S6 dark brown; long dark setae on apex.

Description. Ƌ. Measurements. Maximum interocular distance: 1.49–1.77 (x‾ = 1.66, n = 10); head length: 2.20–2.52 (x‾ = 2.40, n = 10); clypeus width: 0.58–0.70 (x‾ = 0.65, n = 10); clypeus length: 0.56–0.68 (x‾ = 0.62, n = 10); clypeoantennal distance: 0.38–0.46 (x‾ = 0.43, n = 10); clypeus ocellar distance: 1.24–1.42 (x‾ = 1.34, n = 10); intertegular distance: 1.46–1.77 (x‾ = 1.63, n = 10); T1 width: 1.84–2.60 (x‾ = 2.23, n = 10); T2 width: 2.12–2.80 (x‾ = 2.42, n = 10); scape length: 0.64–0.76 (x‾ = 0.71, n = 10); body length: 8.50–9.50 (x‾ = 9.10, n = 10).

Head. Labrum basal surface dark brown. Mandible black. Clypeus green with blue iridescence, apical border exposed, black; densely punctate, I = 0.5 PD, punctures large, smooth in between; setae length = 2 OD. Epistomal angle acute, protruding over clypeus. Supraclypeal area green; densely punctate, loosely imbricate in between. Paraocular area with blue iridescence; contiguously punctate; long setae (2 OD) intermixed with tiny setae. Antennae: scape black; pedicel as long as F1; black; F1 mostly black, ventrally light brown; shorter than F2; F3 as long as wide; remaining flagellomeres mostly black, ventrally light brown. Frons blue; contiguously to crowded punctate; setae length = 1–2 OD. Gena blue. Post gena blue; loosely imbricate, some scattered punctures; sparse long setae up to 2 OD.

Mesosoma. Pronotum lateral angle orthogonal. Fore leg: coxa ventrally green; trochanter black with weak blue iridescence; femur black with blue iridescence; swollen; tibia and tarsus brown; white to yellowish setae on both. Mesoscutum green with blue iridescence; densely punctate on disc, I <PD, smooth in between, contiguously punctate on lateral surfaces, anterior border punctate, microreticulate in between; setae length = 0.5–1 OD. Scutellum medial furrow inconspicuous; green with blue iridescence; densely punctate, punctures coarse, denser punctation medially; longer setae (3 OD) near apex. Mesepisternum green with blue iridescence; preepisternum crowded punctate near pronotal lobe; hypoepimeral area contiguously punctate; below scrobe contiguously punctate. Mid leg: coxa and trochanter black with weak blue iridescence; setae length 2 OD; femur black with blue iridescence; not swollen; tibia and basitarsus dark brown; white to yellowish setae on both. Tegula light brown with anterior green spot. Metanotum with dense tiny setae intermixed with longer white setae (= 3 OD). Metepisternum green with blue iridescence; contiguously punctate, crowded punctate to striate near hind wing. Hind leg: coxa and trochanter green; femur black with green reflection; tibia dark brown, anterior surface without abundant tiny setae among long setae; basitarsus more than 6.5x longer than maximum width, parallel sided; brown. Metapostnotum blue; as long as metanotum; plane; entirely filled with radiating carinae. Propodeum green with blue iridescence; with tiny and long (3 OD) setae intermixed; posterior surface contiguously punctate; lateral carinae lamellate, ending below propodeum half; lateral surfaces imbricate among punctures.

Metasoma. T1 anterior surface sparsely punctate, I = 3 PD, smooth in between; mostly blue, base darkened; only with long setae, tiny decumbent setae absent. T1 dorsal surface punctate, I = PD, denser punctation on lateral surfaces, with an impunctate area near apical margin medially; mostly blue; tiny setae on disc, lateral surfaces with longer setae (= OD); apex inflexed, black. T2 mostly blue; punctate, I = PD, sparsely puncticulate near base, denser punctation on lateral surfaces, smooth in between; marginal area with punctate portion shorter than apical black band on sublateral surfaces; mostly with tiny setae, long setae (= OD) near margin and lateral surfaces, pre-marginal setae ending far from apical margin on sub-lateral surfaces. T3 weakly punctate, imbricate in between; mostly blue, apical band black; mostly with tiny setae, long setae (= OD) near margin and lateral surfaces. T4 weakly punctate, imbricate in between; mostly blue, apical band black; mostly with tiny setae, long setae (2 OD) scattered on disc and lateral surfaces. T5 mostly blue, apical band black; long setae (= OD) intermixed with tiny setae. T6 black; mostly with long setae (<OD). T7 dark brown. S1 without elevation; mostly blue, apex brown; with long plumose setae (2 OD) medially, margin with tiny decumbent setae. S2 mostly black, apical band yellowish; medioapical margin sharp; punctate, microreticulate in between; with long plumose setae (= OD), tiny setae on apex. S3 mostly blue, apical band yellowish; medioapical margin slightly rounded; punctate, microreticulate in between; with long plumose setae (= OD), tiny setae on apex. S4 as S3. S5 dark brown; not depressed transversally on median surface; homogeneously pilose, without glabrous patch medially. S6 dark brown; setae length = OD, tiny setae on apex. S7 lateral apodemes shorter than half S8 width. S8 anterior projection more than four times longer than apical width; posterior margin acuminate.

Genitalia: Gonobase 2x wider than long; ventral arms curved on apex. Gonocoxite about 1.5x longer than wide. Gonostylus, dorsal surface pubescent, tiny setae. Ventral process of gonostylus: inner lobe spatulate, expanded; with short setae and tiny bristles intermixed; outer lobe with short setae with length = 0.4x inner lobe size. Gonapophysis ventral prong well produced, small; dorsal bridge margin weakly projected; ventral bridge absent; apodeme broad and weakly hooked.

Distribution. This species occurs in Brazil, in the states of Minas Gerais, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and S„o Paulo. There is also a record in the province of La Rioja, Argentina.

Etymology. The name is an allusion to the enlarged gena of both males and females of the species.

Type material. Holotype, DZUP, ♀ “ DZUP \565071” “ Brasil, Paraná, Palmeira,\ RPPN Papagaios Velhos ,\bor-da de mata, 24.ii.2007,\ 1062m, 25°28`11``S e\49°47`99``W, A. Aguiar, A.\Martins, J. Gillung ”.

Paratypes, DZUP, 1³ “ DZUP \565069” “CASTRO - PR - BRASIL \ 20/IV/73 \ S. Laroca leg”; 1♀ “ DZUP \565082” “Curitiba. Pr\Br. 30/X/1970 \ O. Mielke. leg”; 1♀ “ DZUP \565083” “CURITIBA-PR\ Brasil IV 41 \P.J. MOURE ”; 1♀ “ DZUP \565084” “CURITIBA\ Paraná BRASIL \ XI 1955. MOURE, LANGE E MICHENER ”; 3³ “ DZUP \565076” “ DZUP \565077” “ DZUP \565078” “Imbituva\Pr - Brasil \ 3 - IV - 1971 \ Pe. J. S. Moure ”; 1♀ “ DZUP \565075” “Mor-retes-Pr\(alto da serra)\ 04/11/1989 \ Pe.S.J. Moure ”; 1³ “ DZUP \565070” “ Brasil, Paraná, Palmeira,\ RPPN Pap-agaios Velhos,\borda de mata, 24.ii.2007,\ 1062m, 25°28`11``S e\49°47`99``W, A. Aguiar, A.\Martins, J. Gillung ”; 2♀ “ DZUP \565067” “ DZUP \565068” “Brasil, Paraná, Piraquara,\Mananciais da Serra,\ 25°29`S 48°59`W,\ 1050m, 30.xii.2005,\ G. Melo em Leandra”; 2♀ “ DZUP \565063” “ DZUP \565064” “ Brasil, Paraná,\ Piraquara , Mananciais \ da Serra, 09.xii.2003,\ G.Melo ”; 1³ “ DZUP \565066” “ Brasil, Paraná,\ Piraquara, Mananciais \da Serra, 26.ii.2006,\ G.A. R. Melo ” ; 1♀ “ DZUP \565065” “ Brasil, PR, Piraquara \ Mananciais da Serra ,\ 25°29`S 48°59`W.\ 1050m, 5.xii.2004 \Melo & Aguiar” ; 1♀ “ DZUP \565079” “ PONTA GROSSA - PR \BRASIL- 22/3/1970 \ Pe. J. S. Moure leg” ; 2♀ “ Brasil, Paraná, Parque \ Estadual de Vila Velha \25°14’S 49°59’W\ 3.iii.2001, G.A. R. Melo ”; 2³ “ DZUP \565080” “ DZUP \565081” “ Brasil, Paraná, Parque \ Estadual de Vila Velha \ 25°14’S 49°59’W \ 3.iii.2001, G.A. R. Melo” ; 1♀ “ DZUP \565074” “TIJUCAS DO SUL-PR\ BRASIL - VOSSOROCA\ 21/4/1970 - Moure” ; 1♀ “ DZUP \565072” “VOSSOROCA, PR \ Tijucas do Sul \ BRASIL iv-71\Moure Mielke”; 1³ “ DZUP \565073” “VOSSOROCA, PR \Ti-jucas do Sul \ BRASIL iv-71\ Moure Mielke ” ; 1♀ “ DZUP \563750” “VOSSOROCA\ Tij. Do Sul - PR \4.5/ III/1989 \C. Mielke” .

Figures

FIGURE 1. A–C) Female mandible, anterior view. A) Augochlora aurinasis (Vachal); B) Augochlora daphnis Smith; C) Augochlora genalis sp. nov. Scale bar: 0.2 mm. D–G) Female mid trochanter, anterior view. D) Augochlora nausicaa (Schrottky); E) Augochlora francisca (Schrottky); F) Augochlora phoemonoe (Schrottky); G) Augochlora mulleri Cockerell. H–L) Female metasoma, anterior portion (T1 and S1), lateral view. H) Augochlora thusnelda (Schrottky); I) Augochlora nausicaa (Schrottky); J) Augochlora braziliensis (Vachal); K) Augochlora francisca Schrottky; L) Augochlora phoemonoe (Schrottky). D–L not in scale.

FIGURE 3. A–C) Female pronotum, dorsal view. A) Augochlora phoemonoe (Schrottky); B) Augochlora australis sp. nov.; C) Augochlora genalis sp. nov. D–E) Male T1, dorsal view. D) Augochlora morrae Strand; E) Augochlora caerulior Cockerell. F–G) Female T2, dorsal view. F) Augochlora nausicaa (Schrottky); G) Augochlora mulleri Cockerell. A–C and F–G at same scale. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 5. Male of Augochlora atlantica sp. nov. A) habitus, B) frontal view of head, C) dorsal view of mesosoma, D) dorsal view of metasoma. Scale bar: 1.0 mm, all at same scale.

FIGURE 21. Female of Augochlora genalis sp. nov. A) habitus, B) frontal view of head, C) dorsal view of mesosoma, D) dorsal view of metasoma. Scale bar: 1.0 mm, all at same scale.