Lophiomus, Gill, 1883

Chen, Hsuan-Pu, Lee, Mao-Ying & Chen, Wei-Jen, 2024, Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910, European Journal of Taxonomy 943, pp. 239-287 : 278

Key to world species of Lophiomus

1. Floor of mouth without conspicuous dark marking ( Fig. 12D ); dorsal-fin spines 5; OPSOP less than 30% of HW ............................................................................................ Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov.

– Floor of mouth with conspicuous dark markings ( Figs 8D, H , 9C, G , 10C , 11D, H , 13D, H , 14D ); dorsal-fin spines 6; OPSOP more than 30% of HW ......................................................................... 2

2. Body color brown ( Fig. 8A, C, E, G ); floor of mouth with irregular or circular pale pattern on dark background ( Fig. 8D, H ); pectoral-fin rays 21–23 (mostly 22, rarely 21 and 23) ( Table 6 ) .............. .................................................................................................................. Lm. setigerus (Vahl, 1797)

– Body color brown or pale khaki ( Figs 10–11 , 13 ); the floor of mouth not as above; pectoral-fin rays not less than 23 ................................................................................................................................. 3

3. Peritoneum light ( Fig. 9 ); floor of mouth with anastomosing dark patterns in the middle ( Figs 10C , 11D, H ); pectoral-fin rays 24–25; pelvic-fin rays 7 .................. Lm. laticeps ( Ogilby, 1910) stat. rev.

– Peritoneum black (at least in adults) ( Figs 13B , 14B ); floor of mouth with reticulate pattern ( Figs 13D, H , 14D ); pectoral-fin rays 23–24; pelvic-fin rays 6 or 7 ................................................................... 4

4. Body color pale khaki ( Fig. 13A, C, E, G ); esca pennant-like flap without cirri ( Fig. 16C ); pelvic-fin rays 6; DS4 8.4–17.3% of the SL; SNW 31.8–39.5%, ISP 40.6–45.4%, OPSOP 47.3–53.6% of the HL ............................................................................................................... Lm. nigriventris sp. nov.

– Body color brown ( Fig. 14A–B ); esca tassel-like or pennant-like flap with moderately long cirri ( Fig. 16E–F ); pelvic-fin rays 7; DS4 16.7–24.0% of the SL; SNW 41.9–55.7%, ISP 48.6–56.7%, OPSOP 55.5–65.7% of the HL .......................................................................... Lm. carusoi sp. nov.

Figures

Fig. 12. Lophiomus immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth.

Fig. 8. Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797). A–D. Neotype (NTUM10408, sample ID: WJC0905). E–H. Large specimens (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7223). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, fresh specimen. H. Ditto, floor of mouth.

Fig. 9. Lophius indicus Alock, 1889. A–D. Large syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45). E–H. Small syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45.46). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, floor of mouth. D. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, floor of mouth. H. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. Photographed by L. Goodayle. © Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (available under CC-BY 4.0).

Fig. 10. Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910, holotype (AMS E. 2973). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Floor of mouth. D. X-ray radiograph in dorsal view. E. X-ray radiograph in lateral view (white triangles indicate the dorsal-fin spines; gray triangles indicate the dorsal-fin rays). Photographed by K. Parkinson.

Fig. 11. Lophiomus laticeps stat. rev., newly collected specimens. A–D. Large (NTUM13463, sample ID: NC1375). E–H. Small (NTUM13468, sample ID: NC964). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, fresh specimen. H. Ditto, floor of mouth.

Fig. 13. Lophiomus nigriventris sp. nov. A–D. Holotype (NTUM15096, sample ID: WJC5808). E–H. Subadult paratype (NTUM12188, sample ID: PNG3184). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, fresh specimen. H. Ditto, floor of mouth.

Fig. 14. Lophiomus carusoi sp. nov., holotype (MNHN 2024-0099, sample ID: NC2059). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view.B. Ditto, ventral view.C. Fresh specimen.D. Preserved specimen, floor of mouth.

Fig. 16. Esca of Lophiomus spp. A. Lm. laticeps (Ogilby, 1910) stat. rev. (NTUM13463, sample ID: NC1375). B. Ditto (NTUM13468, sample ID: NC964). C. Lm. nigriventris sp. nov., holotype (NTUM15096, sample ID: WJC5808). D. Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). E. Lm. carusoi sp. nov., holotype (MNHN 2024-0099, sample ID: NC2059). F. Ditto, paratype (NTUM17682, sample ID: NC1978).G. Lm. setigerus (Vahl, 1797) (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7223). H. Ditto (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7224). Scale bars = 1 mm.