Cincticostella shinichii Martynov & Palatov, 2021
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.64280 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E593F4D8-450E-4D1A-AF0E-1CD2BBB04905 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/04CA8710-E234-49FC-8822-AE53DEFD6F08 |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:04CA8710-E234-49FC-8822-AE53DEFD6F08 |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Cincticostella shinichii Martynov & Palatov |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Cincticostella shinichii Martynov & Palatov sp. nov. Figs 16 View Figure 16 , 17 View Figure 17 , 18 View Figure 18 , 19 View Figure 19
Description.
Larva. Middle and late instars: body length of mature larva 12.0 mm, caudal filaments length 7.8 mm. Body yellowish-brown to brown, robust, covered with scale sockets and small scales in some of them.
Head: Without tubercles and ridges. Genae moderately developed, rounded (Fig. 16A View Figure 16 ). Dorsal surface of head moderately covered with very short, elongated, rounded apically stout setae and few short hair-like setae. Mouthparts (Fig. 17A-G View Figure 17 ): Labrum wide, angles rounded; anteromedian emargination relatively deep and wide (labrum height in emargination/maximum labrum height ratio - 0.67-0.71) (Fig. 17C View Figure 17 ); anterior margin covered mainly with different-sized hair-like setae and several short, feathered setae in emargination. Surface of labrum densely covered with long hair-like setae, very short rounded scales with feathery margin and empty scale sockets. Mandibles covered with empty scale sockets, very short rounded scales with feathery margin and long hair-like setae, the greatest number of the hair-like setae on and near outer margin (Fig. 17A, B View Figure 17 ). Prostheca consisting of protuberance with tuft of middle-sized hair-like setae. Planate mandible with row of long thick hair-like setae (7-8) under the mola and tuft of middle-sized or short hair-like setae above; outer incisor with three teeth, inner incisor bifurcated. Angulate mandible with few short hair-like setae at the end of mola; outer incisor apex with four teeth; inner incisor with two distinct central teeth and one-two small lateral teeth. Hypopharynx with denser and longer setae on superlinguae apical part, lingua with short, hair-like setae (Fig. 17D View Figure 17 ); also, two subtransverse, submedian rows of short, pointed, stout setae (7-9) situated on lingua surface near base. Superlinguae with rounded apices. Maxilla (Fig. 17F View Figure 17 ) with two dentisetae with inner margins serrate. Apex and apical part of maxilla surfaces with numerous long, stout, hair-like setae; galea-lacinia with numerous long, stout and thin, hair-like setae on inner margin; also, in mature larvae galea-lacinia with group of 22-24 different-sized, stout, hair-like setae on surface near base. Maxillary palp long, 3-segmented (Fig. 17E View Figure 17 ). Segments I and II with long hair-like setae; most strong setae situated on segment I; segment III elongated and bluntly pointed apically, with several short fine setae. Joints of maxillary palp segments distinct. Labium (Fig. 17G View Figure 17 ) with rounded glossae; dorsal surface of glossae and apices of paraglossae covered mainly with long, stout, hair-like setae; whole ventral surface of labium covered mainly with long, stout, hair-like setae. Labial palp 3-segmented; segment I and segment II flattened and subequal in length; their ventral surfaces, outer and inner margins densely covered with long, stout, hair-like setae; central areas of dorsal surfaces of the segments almost without setae, only near margins long, stout, hair-like setae present; central part of dorsal surface of segment I with scale sockets and very short rounded scales with feathery margin in some of them. Segment III long (length/width ratio = 3.27-3.85, average - 3.53), rounded apically, covered with numerous short fine setae.
Thorax: Dorsal surface of thorax covered with numerous small stout setae with divergent margins, rounded or bifurcated apices and less numerous short, strait, thin and stout, hair-like setae and scale sockets (Fig. 23A View Figure 23 ). Pronotum expanded laterally, with small, broad and rounded apically anterolateral projections (Fig. 16C-E View Figure 16 ). Anterolateral projections of mesothorax well-developed, with rounded posterior angles; outer margins not subparallel to lateral aspect of body, not notched, with very shallow sag only (Fig. 16B, C View Figure 16 ). Thoracic surface with small, indistinct ridges and tubercles. In mature larvae, paired posterior projections between fore wing pads small, rounded, but with deep and narrow cleft between them; apical parts of outer margins of projections not pressed against wing pads (Fig. 16C View Figure 16 ).
In late instars, femora of all legs slightly flattened (length/width ratio = fore femur 2.00-2.17; middle femur 2.17-2.33; hind femur 2.33-2.44) and bearing longitudinal ridge, especially visible on middle and hind femora (Fig. 18A-C View Figure 18 ). Average length ratio of leg’s parts (femur: tibia: tarsus): foreleg 1.95: 1.68: 1.00; middle leg 2.40: 2.15: 1.00; hind leg 2.70: 2.84: 1.00. Outer margins of all femora without apical projections.
Dorsal surface of fore femur with several elongated, pointed and bifurcated, stout setae with feathered margins near basal margin; also apical half of dorsal surface of fore femur with transverse, relatively wide and dense band of mainly middle-sized and short, bifurcated, bluntly pointed or rounded apically, stout setae (some situated on chalazae) (Fig. 18A, D, E View Figure 18 ). Basal half of inner margin of fore femur and adjacent part of dorsal surface with irregular row of spine-like setae and stout, hair-like setae. Outer margin of fore femur with numerous, mainly middle-sized and long, bifurcated apically, stout setae. Fore tibia and tarsus: outer margins of these with few hair-like setae (solitary and in tufts); inner margins with irregular, dense row of stout, hair-like setae. Dorsal surfaces of fore tibia with scattered hair-like setae and irregular, longitudinal row of long, stout setae with pointed and bifurcated apices; dorsal surface of fore tarsus with hair-like setae (solitary and in tufts) and long, stout hair-like setae.
Dorsal surface of middle and hind femora covered with numerous mainly middle-sized and short, rounded or bifurcated apically, stout setae (Fig. 18B, C View Figure 18 ). Except for the setae mentioned above, dorsal surface of all femora covered with scattered thin, hair-like setae and scale sockets with small scales in some of them. Inner margins of middle and hind femora with solitary hair-like setae only. Outer margins of middle and hind femora with irregular rows of mainly long, pointed and bifurcated, stout setae and few hair-like setae (Fig. 18B, C, F View Figure 18 ).
Outer margins of middle and hind tibiae with regular rows of long, pointed and bifurcated, stout setae and few hair-like setae (solitary and in tufts) amongst them (Fig. 18G View Figure 18 ). Dorsal surfaces of middle and hind tibiae and tarsi with hair-like setae (solitary and in tufts) and waved and hooked, stout, hair-like setae mainly. Dorsal surface of middle tibia also with row of long, pointed and bifurcated, stout setae near inner margin. Inner margin of middle and hind tibiae densely covered with long, stout hair-like setae and long, pointed or bifurcated, stout setae amongst them. Middle and hind tarsi: outer margins with hair-like setae (solitary and in tufts) only; inner margins densely covered with long, stout hair-like setae. Ventral surfaces of all tibiae and tarsi with numerous hair-like setae (solitary and in tufts) and long, thin, pointed, stout setae with feathered margins; stout setae situated in apical parts of tibiae and tarsi and along their inner margins.
Tarsal claws of all legs hooked, with one large denticle and several subapical setae (Fig. 18H View Figure 18 ).
Abdomen: Central part of dorsal surface of terga II-X with two medial fields of middle-sized and small, stout setae with bifurcated, bluntly pointed or rounded apices (Fig. 19A View Figure 19 ). Surfaces of all terga also covered with scattered short, waved, stout hair-like setae, short, thin, hair-like setae, scale sockets and very short scales with feathered margins in some of them (greatest number of two last situated on lateral areas of tergal surfaces).
Posterior margins of tergum I with row of long, hair-like setae; of terga II-III (especially tergum II) with row of long, thin, bluntly pointed or rounded apically, stout setae and hair-like setae; of terga IV-VII with several elongated rounded or bifurcated apically stout setae near paired projections; of terga VIII-X with rows of elongated or short, stout setae with rounded or bifurcated apices (these rows extending from paired projections to lateral margins). Lateral margins of terga IV-VIII covered with numerous rounded or bifurcated apically stout setae. Posterolateral projections of abdominal segments IV-IX present (Fig. 19A View Figure 19 ).
Pairs of pointed, not bifurcated projections present on abdominal terga II-IX (Fig. 19A, B View Figure 19 ); projections on terga II-IV smaller than others; those on terga V-VIII strongest; projections on tergum IX elongated and distinctly pointed; posterior margin of tergum X smooth, without any projections. Surfaces of paired projections on terga V-IX covered with short stout setae with mainly rounded apices.
Dorsal surfaces of abdominal gills covered with hair-like setae (mainly in apical part) and scale sockets; shape of gills as in Fig. 19C-G View Figure 19 ; gill III without medial, transverse band of weakened membrane (Fig. 19C View Figure 19 ).
Caudal filaments subequal in length, with elongated stout setae with bluntly pointed, bifurcated or pointed apices and hair-like setae at articulations (Fig. 19H, I View Figure 19 ).
Adults.
Unknown.
Etymology.
The new species is named in honour of Dr. Shin-ichi Ishiwata (Kanagawa Environmental Research Center, Japan), who contributed significantly to the study of Cincticostella species.
Diagnosis.
This new species is close to C. corpulenta , but can be differentiated from this and other species of the complex by the following combination of characters: (i) genae moderately developed, rounded (Fig. 16A View Figure 16 ); (ii) labrum with deep anteromedian emargination (Fig. 17C View Figure 17 ); (iii) maxillary palp well-developed (Fig. 17E, F View Figure 17 ); (iv) segment III of maxillary palp small, bluntly pointed apically (Fig. 17E View Figure 17 ); (v) prothoracic anterolateral projections broad and rounded (Fig. 16C-E View Figure 16 ); (vi) mesothoracic anterolateral projections well-developed, with rounded posterior angles; outer margins not subparallel to lateral aspect of body, not notched, with very shallow sag only (Fig. 16B, C View Figure 16 ); (vii) small, stout setae with divergent margins, rounded or bifurcated apices present on dorsal surface of thorax (Fig. 23A View Figure 23 ); (viii) dorsal surface of fore femur with transverse, relatively wide and dense band of mainly middle-sized and short, bifurcated, bluntly pointed or rounded apically, stout setae (Fig. 18A, D, E View Figure 18 ); (ix) outer margins middle and hind femora with dense irregular rows of mainly middle-sized and long, stout setae (Fig. 18 B, C, F View Figure 18 ); (x) tarsal claw with one large denticle (Fig. 18H View Figure 18 ); (xi) pairs of pointed projections present on abdominal terga II-IX; projections on tergum IX elongated and distinctly pointed; tergum X without paired projections (Fig. 19A, B View Figure 19 ).
Distribution.
Known only from Nepal.
Habitat.
Larvae of C. shinichii sp. nov. were collected from stones with algal fouling in sections with current velocity of about 0.3-0.8 m/s of a large river (10-17 m wide) within low mountains on the southern slope of the Great Himalayan Range (Bagmati Zone, Central Nepal). Investigated rivers are under the significant anthropogenic pressure and can be classified as alpha- or beta-mezosaprobic waterbodies. Apparently, larvae inhabit rhithral zones of waterbodies with relatively high average current velocity and the predominance of large stones at the bottom. Larvae of Stenopsyche , Glossosomatidae , Hydropsychidae , Baetis (s.str.) sp. and representatives of other Ephemerellidae genera were collected along with the new species.
Type material.
Holotype: Nepal: larva (on slide 647), Bagmati Zone, Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Melamchi River (1 km below Talamarang village), 27.844497°N, 85.557433°E, h ~ 900 m a.s.l., 4.iii.2007, Chertoprud M.V. leg. - IN Nepa7Cinsp [NMNH NASU]. Paratype: Nepal: larva (on slide 649), same data as holotype. - IN Nepa7Cinsp [NMNH NASU].
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