Lychnocephalus tomentosus Mart. ex Candolle (1836: 83)

Gomes, Francisca Maiara Batista & Loeuille, Benoit, 2022, Taxonomic revision of Lychnocephalus (Lychnophorinae, Vernonieae, Asteraceae), an endemic genus of the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Phytotaxa 547 (2), pp. 119-146 : 139-140

8. Lychnocephalus tomentosus Mart. ex Candolle (1836: 83) .

Lychnophora tomentosa (Mart. ex DC.) Schultz Bipontinus (1863: 369) .

Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: in campis sterilibus, Serro Frio , 25 May 1818, C.F.P. von Martius 1313 (515) (holotype: M e! [ M0029487 ]; isotypes: G-DC e! [G00464243 (fragment)], P! [P02513407 (fragment)]) ( Fig.6 G–H , Fig.9 A–H ).

Treelet, rarely shrubs, candelabriform, 1–1.2 m tall; poorly branched. Stems (0.6–) 1–2.3 cm diam., robust, dirty white, densely tomentose, glabrescent, surface tessellate. Leaves petiolate, petiole (0.5–) 2.5–2.7 cm, laxly disposed; leaf sheath amplexicaul, 0.9–1.9 × 1.1–1.8 cm, dirty white, abaxial surface densely tomentose, adaxial surface glabrous; blade elliptic, rarely ovate or obovate, (2.8–)4.7–13.2 × (0.9–) 4.5–5.6 cm, discolorous, venation pattern eucamptodromous, primary vein prominent abaxially, secondary veins not covered by indumentum, abaxial surface ochreous, tomentose to lanulose, adaxial surface dark-green, tomentose, glabrescent, flat, apex obtuse, base decurrent, rarely rounded. Third-order syncephalium (1.1–) 2–4.2 cm tall, (1.2–) 2–6 cm diam., composed of 3–6 second-order syncephalia, spherical, solitary or sometimes 2–3 grouped, terminal or axillary, covered by tomentose indumentum, pedunculate, peduncle (3–) 12.2–20 cm long; tertiary bracts 2.3–4.6 × 1.2–2.7 cm, lanceolate; secondary bracts 1.1–2.1 × (0.6–) 1–1.7 cm, lanceolate to deltoid. Capitula (10–)20–120, subinvolucral bracts 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–1 cm, deltoid; involucre campanulate, (0.6–) 0.8–10 mm tall × 3.1–4.8 mm diam.; phyllaries 3 or 4-seriate, outer series shorter than inner series, oblong, apex obtuse, sometimes rounded, glabrous, margin entire, outer phyllaries 4–7.1 × 1–3.2 mm, inner phyllaries 6.2–11.1 × 1.5–2.2 mm; receptacle fimbrillate. Florets (4)–12–15 per capitulum, corolla deeply 5– lobed, purple, 0.8–1.4 cm long, corolla tube 0.7–1.1 cm × 0.2–0.5 cm, corolla lobes 2.8–4 × 0.4–0.8 mm, pubescent; anthers 3.5–4.8 × 0.1–0.2 mm, purple; style shaft 0.7–13 mm long, purple, glabrous throughout except for pubescent upper 1.5–1.8 mm beneath style arms, style arms 1.5–3 mm long. Cypselae cylindrical, 3.5–4.1 × 0.5–1 mm, brown; pappus setae biseriate, outer series shorter than inner series, stramineous, outer series 1.1–1.3 mm long, apex erose, inner series 5–7 mm long.

Distribution and habitat: — Brazil (Minas Gerais, Diamantina Plateau and Serra do Cipó). Campo rupestre, occurring on sandy soils, at elevations between 1,000 and 1,360 m ( Fig. 8 ).

Phenology: —Specimens found with florets and fruits between February and July.

Etymology: —The epithet refers to the indumentum covering branches and abaxial surface of leaves.

Informal conservation status: —The species is considered Endangered (EOO = 7.311, 254 km 2; AOO = 8.8000 km 2) according to criteria B1ab(i,iv,v) + B2ab(i,iv,v) ( Fernandez et al 2020). Lychnocephalus tomentosus has recorded occurrence within Protected Areas: Environmental Protection Area (EPA) Serra Talhada, State Park (SP) Biribiri, EPA Morro da Pedreira, National Park (NP) Serra do Cipó and NP Sempre Vivas. However, the species is threatened by factors like urbanization, agriculture, road grid expansion, introduction of exotic species and tourism ( Fernandes & Barbosa 2013).

Taxonomic Notes: —This is the most common species of the genus. It is easily recognized by the combination of robust branches, densely tomentose indumentum, and petiolate leaves. The other species displaying petiolate leaves is L. mellobarretoi . Other differences are discussed above. Some populations of L. tomentosus found in the National Park Sempre Vivas (Diamantina Plateau) have slender branches and smaller syncephalia, making those specimens more similar to L. mellobarretoi , but they are still clearly distinguished by the habit (treelet vs. shrub) and outer pappus series (longer than 1 mm vs. shorter than 0.5 mm). Additionally, some individuals from these populations have subsessile leaves. Nevertheless, these morphological variations are uncommon and insufficient to justify a distinct formal taxonomic status.

Additional specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: km 134, 1260 m, 21 April 1950, A.P. Duarte 2574 (UEC); ibid., entre os municípios Diamantina-Mendanha, 12 December 1980, I. Cordeiro et al. CFCR 568 (UEC); ibid., rodovia Diamantina-Mendanha (lado esquerdo) km 573, 3 km, 7 May 1997, W. Vichnewski 428 (UEC); ibid., Estrada Conselheiro Mata-Diamantina, km 9, 18°18’28”S, 43°53’39”W, 1265 m, 20 October 2007, J.N. Nakajima et al. 4991 (HUFU, SPF); Serra do Cipó, 10-20 km NE de Cardeal Mota, caminho a Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19°20’S, 43°25’W, 100-1320 m, 15 May 1990, M.M. Arbo et al. 4157 (SPF, UEC). Buenópolis, Parque Nacional das Sempre Vivas, estrada em direção ao norte do Parque, 17°55’46.4”S, 43°50’46.5”, 1316 m, 3 September 2014, C.M. Siniscalchi et al. 559 (SPF, UFP). Datas, 18 December 1998, F. Feres et al. 98 (UEC). Diamantina, Liga de Alumínio, 18 August 1970, A.P. Duarte 12820 (UEC); ibid., entre os km 132 e 133, 1300 m, 9 March 1985, T.M. Lewinsohn & R.P. Martins s.n. (UEC 43563); ibid., estrada Diamantina-Biribiri, 10 km de Diamantina, 5 June 1985, H.F. Leitão Filho et al. 17449 (UEC); ibid., estrada Diamantina-Mendanha, km 585, 6 June 1985, H.F. Leitão Filho et al. 17562 (UEC); ibid., Distrito de Conselheiro Mata, estrada entre Diamantina e Conselheiro Mata, 10 January 1987, T.S.M. Grandi et al. s.n. (BHCB, UEC 74787); ibid., estrada para Mendanha, a 15 km de Diamantina, 18°07’S, 43°30’W, 1200-1225 m, 21 October 1988, R.M. Harley et al. 25476 (SPF); ibid., a 15 km de Diamantina, 4 July 1989, J. Semir 25614 (UEC); ibid., afloramento rochoso próximo à AABB, 20 December 1998, M.E. Mansanares et al. 26 (UEC); ibid., rodovia BR-367, Córrego Soberbo, 23 October 1999, G. Hatschbach et al. 69584 (INPA, MBM); ibid., estrada Diamantina-Conselheiro Mata, km 182, 4 km do trevo, 18°16’34”S, 43°42’44”W, 1415 m, 31 March 2001, J.N. Nakajima & R. Romero 3095 (HUFU, UEC); ibid., estrada para conselheiro Mata, 18°18’36.5”S, 43°53’11.8”W, 1305 m, 20 June 2001, J. Semir et al. s.n. (UEC 120.420); ibid., afloramento em frente à Trilha dos Escravos, 6 July 2004, M.E. Mansanares et al. 384 (UEC); ibid., km 685 da rodovia para Medanha (BR-367), lado direito da estrada, elevação ca 300 m da Trilha dos Escravos, 18°13’04”S, 43°35’36”W, 1250 m, 23 January 2007, B. Loeuille et al. 105 (SPF); ibid., estrada Diamantina-Conselheiro Mata, 18°09’39”S, 43°25’31”W, 17 May 2007, C.F. Verola & I.R. Costa 48 (UEC); ibid., estrada para Medanha, a 15 km de Diamantina, 18°11’S, 43°32’W, 1245 m, 19 October 2007, F.N.A. Melo et al. 57 (UEC); ibid., estrada Conselheiro Mata-Diamantina km 9, 18°18’28”S, 43°53’39”W, 1265 m, 20 October 2007, J.N. Nakajima et al. 4691 (HUFU, UEC); ibid., estrada para Milho Verde, km 14, 18°20’48”S, 43°33’02”W, 1165 m, 19 May 2008, J.N. Nakajima et al. 4874 (HUFU, SPF); ibid., estrada Diamantina-Conselheiro Mata, km 187, 18°16’29”S, 43°42’46”W, 1405 m, 24 September 2008, P.O. Rosa et al. 1216 (HUFU, UEC), ibid., Caminho dos Escravos, na rodovia MG 367, km 585 em direção a Couto de Magalhães, do lado esquerdo, 18°12’52.9”S, 43°35’44.1”W, 10 August 2010, B. Loeuille et al. 528 (SPF, UFP); ibid., estrada Diamantina-Gouveia, ca. de 7 km de Diamantina, 18°20’995”S, 43°40’901”W, 1379 m, 23 September 2010, J.Y. Costa et al. 164 (HUFU, UEC); ibid., Parque Estadual de Biribiri, Trilha para a cachoeira do Sentinela, 18°12’24.6”S, 43°36’40.7”W, 1228 m, 18 November 2010, L. Borges et al. 440 (K, RB, SPF, US); ibid., Biribiri, Boa Vista, 18°07’50.2”S; 43°36’59.1W, 1187 m, 18 September 2012, D. Marques et al. 494 (HUFU, UEC); ibid., estrada Diamantina-Conselheiro Mata, km 182, a 4 km do trevo 18°16’34”S, 43°42’44”W, 1415 m, 18 February 2013, M. Monge et al. 1420 (UEC); ibid., Campus II da UFVJM, próximo à área de captação de água, 17°27’30”S, 43°34’10”W, 19 February 2013, M. Monge et al. 1392 (UEC); ibid., estrada Sopa-São João da Chapada 8 km do asfalto, 18°51’80”, 43°44’33”W, 19 February 2013, M. Monge et al. 1456 (UEC); ibid., estrada para Milho Verde, 3 October 2013, A.V. Scatigna & G.H. Shimizu 399 (UEC). Gouveia, Fazenda Contagem, 24 February 1986, J. Semir et al. CFCR 9562 (MO, SPF, UEC). Jaboticatubas, km 128, ao longo da rodovia Lagoa Santa-Conceição do Mato Dentro-Diamantina, 1280 m, 8 June 1970, A.B. Joly et al. 365 (UEC); ibid., 1 May 1972, J. Semir & M. Sazima 2086 (UEC); ibid., 26 February 1973, A.M. Giulietti e N. Menezes 4024 (UEC); ibid., km 125, Cachoeira da Capivara, 9 July 1990, P.I.K.L. Prado 23816 (UEC). Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, ao longo da rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, antigo km 137, 15 August 1979, N.L. Menezes et al. CFSC 5620 (UEC); Estrada para o Salitreiro, 19 April 1981, L. Rossi & M.C.E. Amaral CFSC 7289 (SPF, UEC); ibid., Serra da Bandeirinha, 10 September 1987, C. Kameyama et al. CFSC 10562 (F, K, MBM, RB, MO, SPF); ibid., rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, 26 November 1987, D.C. Zappi et al. CFSC 10032 (SPF); ibid., próximo à estátua do Velho Juca, 24 March 1991, J.R. Pirani et al. CFSC 11930 (SPF, UFP); rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, 1320-1370 m, 26 March 1991, J.R. Pirani et al. CFSC 12050 (SPF, UFP); ibid., rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, elevação em frente à estrada do Velho Juca, 26 April 1991, J.R. Pirani et al. CFSC 12239 (SPF, UFP); ibid., Serra das Bandeirinhas, 1360 m, 26 July 1991, A.M. Giullietii et al. CFSC 12436 (SPF); ibid., Alto do Palácio, Próximo à estátua do Juquinha, 2 February 1993, V.C. Souza & C.M. Sakuragui 3420 (ESA, UEC); ibid., lado direito da estátua do Juquinha, km 118, 19°15’30”S, 43°33’06”W, 8 February 1998, V.N. Vaccarelli et al. 6 (UEC); ibid., Distrito de Cardeal Mota, próximo à estátua do Juquinha, 5-8 May 1998, M.E. Mansanares & L.Y.S. Aona 8 (UEC); ibid., Distrito de Cardeal Mota, 16 December 1998, F. Feres et al. 98 (UEC); ibid., alto do Palácio, estrada Lagoa Santa-Conceição do Mato Dentro (MG 010), 19°14’40”S, 43°33’2”W, 21 April 2006, B. Loeuille et al. 15 (K, SPF, UFP); ibid., km 118, rodovia MG 010, lado direito, sentido Morro do Pilar, próximo à estátua do Juquinha, 19°15’40”S, 43°33’07”W, 1370 m, 8 July 2007, M.A. Pena & L. Viana 437 (SPF); ibid., próximo à estátua do Juquinha, 19°15’40”S, 43°33’07”W, 1370 m, 7 September 2007, M.A. Pena & L. Viana 505 (SPF); ibid., próximo à estátua do Juquinha, 19°15’40”S, 43°33’07”W, 1370 m, 11 March 2008, M.A. Pena & M.C. Watanabe 783 (SPF); ibid., EPA Morro da Pedreira, Rodovia Lagoa Santa-Conceição do Mato Dentro (MG 010), 19°15’28”S, 43°33’27.3”, 1332 m, 12 July 2009, B. Loeuille et al. 496 (SPF); EPA Morro da Pedreira, rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro (MG 010), km 129,Alto do Palácio, 19°15’S, 43°32’W, 1250–1300 m, 17 February 2011, J.R. Pirani et al. 6251 (SPF); ibid., Cardeal Mota, Trilha para o Salitreiro, Campo Limpo, solo arenoso, 19°15’32”S, 43°32’16”W, 1288 m, 1 September 2011, B. Loeuille et al. 536 (SPF); ibid., elevação em frente à estátua do Velho Juca, km 121, 5 July 2012, M.T. Kubo 149 (SPF); Trilha para o Salitreiro, 19°15’40”S, 43°32’17”W, 1398 m, 22 July 2019, F.M.B. Gomes et al. 5 (UFP, RB, K); ibid., 19°16’31”S, 43°32’06”W, 1422 m, 22 July 2019, F.M.B. Gomes et al. 6 (UFP, RB, K). Santana do Pirapama, Fazenda Inhame, Serra Mineira, 18°55’S, 43°54’W, 21 March 1982, J.R. Pirani et al. CFSC 8036 (UEC); Fazenda Inhame, trilha para o topo da Serra a partir da Porteira Azul na Estrada Vilarejo, Fazenda Toucan Cipó, 18°56’36,2”S, 43°45’19”W, 1329 m, 19 November 2007, L.M. Borges et al. 235 (SPF); ibid, acesso pela fazenda Inhame, Trilha do João Carrinho, 19°02’55”S, 43°44’14”W, 1000 m, 25 February 2009, D.C. Zappi et al. 1513 (SPF); ibid., Trilha da Serra Morena, a norte da Fazenda Inhame, 18°55’13”S, 43°47’25”W, 1197 m, 12 March 2009, D.C. Zappi et al. 2079 (SPF, US); ibid., estrada velha para a mina de manganês, 18°54’30”S, 43°47’21”W, 1212 m, 13 November 2009, D.C. Zappi et al. 2352 (MBM, SPF, US); ibid., Capela de São José, Trilha da Senhorinha, caminho a Congonhas do Norte, 18°57’25.24”S, 43°44’3.98”W, 1448 m., 25 November 2009, D.C. Zappi et al. 2541 (SPF, US); ibid., 18°55’58.4”S, 43°45’9.5”W, 1317 m, 25 November 2009, D.C. Zappi et al. 2562 (SPF, US). Serro, estrada para Gouveia, 11 October 1996, W. Marcondes-Ferreira et al. 1351 (UEC); ibid., estrada para Gouveia, 11 October 1996, W. Marcondes-Ferreira 1358 (UEC); Capivari, subida do Pico do Itambé, 17 November 2011, B. Loeuille et al. 593 (SPF); Trilha da Senhorinha, 18° 57’51”S, 43°46’ 22”W, 951 m, 19 July 2019, F.M.B. Gomes et al. 1 (UFP, K, SPF).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Lychnocephalus jolyanus. A. Habit. B. Syncephalium. L. mellobarretoi. C. Habit. D. Syncephalium. L. sellovii. E. Habit. F. Syncephalium. L. tomentosus. G. Habit. H. Syncephalium. A–B., F.–H. by B. Loeuille. C.–E. by F.M.B. Gomes.

FIGURE 8. Distribution of Lychnocephalus sellovii (triangle) and Lychnocephalus tomentosus (pentagon) (EPA = Environmental Protection Area; NM= Natural Monument; NP= National Park; PNHR= Private Natural Heritage Reserve; SP= State Park).

FIGURE 9. Lychnocephalus tomentosus. A. Flowering branch. B. Leaf adaxial surface. C. Leaf abaxial surface. D. Syncephalium. E. Capitulum. F. Outer phyllary and inner phyllary. G. Corolla, androecium, and style. H. Cypsela.