Calogalesus Kieffer, 1912: 6

MASNER, LUBOMÍR & GARCÍA R, JOSÉ LUIS, 2002, The Genera Of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) In The New World, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2002 (268), pp. 1-138 : 116-120

Calogalesus Kieffer, 1912: 6 , 43.

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Minute (about 1 mm), gracile individuals; body color light to dark brown with appendages slightly lighter; body predominantly smooth and almost glabrous, highly shining with only scattered semierect hairs, with moderate hairy cushions on postgena and anterior margin of pronotum, but no foamy structures; head armed with sharp ledges or points; antennal shelf bladelikeprojecting; labrum exposed, sclerotized, subtriangular; mandible long, beaklike­projecting, almost opisthognathous; oral carina moderately developed, yet blocking lateral movement of mandible; antennal formula 12–14; notaulus percurrent; anterior scutellar pit bifoveate; forewing relatively short and broad, with extremely long marginal cilia; submarginal vein in forewing distinctly remote from foremargin of wing, marginal and stigmal veins subequal in length, almost per­ pendicular to one another; metasoma in lateral view distinctly angular between petiole and syntergite; petiole distinctly elongate, in lateral view remarkably arcuate; metasoma past petiole moderately to strongly compressed laterally, apex of metasoma conical in female; segments past syntergite often telescoped; synsternite almost entirely concealed ventrally by sides of syntergite; apical sternite vomeriform; ovipositor valves strongly sclerotized, often extruded apically.

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view subglobular, with antennal shelf and toruli strongly projecting, posterolateral corners of shelf sharply pointed; frons (in front of anterior ocellus) with two little sharp points and with sharp longitudinal ledge above upper eye orbit; temple subequal in length to eye; head in lateral view with antennal shelf strongly projecting, level of torulus at midpoint of eye; eye moderately large, ovoid, with ommatidia moderately large; oral carina moderately developed yet blocking lateral movement of mandible; postgena usually moderately developed; posterior margin of occiput not distinctly steplike, occipital flange narrow, with fine crenulae; head in frontal view with face strongly convex medially, depressed near clypeus; clypeus relatively small, highly convex, subtriangular, distinctly longer than wide; epistomal sulcus not developed; labrum exposed, sclerotized, triangular in shape; malar sulcus developed; malar space shorter than height of eye; tentorial pit not developed; mandible long, beaklike, not clasped, parallel, bidentate, projecting backward, almost opisthognathous; palpal formula 5–2; head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge not developed; antennal formula 12–14; A1 relatively long, distinctly compressed basally, apical rim without flaps, not projecting, not excavate ventrally; female antenna without distinct clava, A4–A11 almost beadlike; male A3– A13 beadlike, A3 subequal in length to A4, A4 not modified. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma relatively short, usually as wide as high, moderately convex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view with cervix well developed; pronotal shoulders moderate, rounded; side of pronotum anteriorly with moderate hairy cushion, usually with row of fine crenulae along posterior margin (above forecoxa); epomium not developed; spiracle on prothorax relatively large and projecting; mesoscutum distinctly wider than long, moderately convex, with only few scattered semierect hairs; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines not developed, but anterior margin of midlobe of mesoscutum often crenulate; notaulus deep, percurrent, often slightly sinuate, noncrenulate, not dilated posteriorly and not reaching transscutal articulation; humeral sulcus narrow but well developed; suprahumeral sulcus not developed; anterior scutellar pit large, bifoveate; scutellar disc subquadrate, only moderately convex, without median longitudinal keel, with moderate lateral keels; lateral pit very narrow, posterior scutellar pit developed; posterior margin of axilla sharp, overhanging axillar depression; axillar depression relatively large, with scattered pilosity; mesopleuron only slightly convex, mostly smooth and glabrous; median oblique depression relatively deep, especially in anterior part; epicnemial pit and epicnemial carina strongly developed; sternaulus absent; posterior margin of mesopleuron sometimes with rudimentary crenulae or rugulosity, upper margin of mesopleuron (un­ der tegula) with several irregular longitudinal grooves; metanotum moderately developed, dorsellum with three low longitudinal keels; metapleuron rough rugulose, partly hairy; propodeum relatively large but short, roughly rugose, with median keel not developed, keel replaced by longitudinal rugulosity, plica not clearly developed; posterolateral corners of propodeum sometimes bladelike­projecting; nucha extremely short; forewing relatively short and broad, with extremely long marginal cilia, without longitudinal fold or apical excision; costal cell rather broad, costal vein almost absent, rudimentary near tegula; submarginal vein in forewing distinctly remote from foremargin of wing, vein surpassing basal third of wing length; marginal vein remarkably long, stigmal vein distinctly elongate, two veins almost perpendicular to one another, basal and other veins absent; hind wing extremely narrow, almost lanceolate, with tubular submarginal vein; legs moderately elongate, trochanters distinctly elongate, femora and tibiae subclavate in posterior half; apex of femora without flaps. ME­ TASOMA. Metasoma distinctly pedunculate, in lateral view distinctly angular between petiole and syntergite; petiole distinctly elongate, in lateral view remarkably arcuate, with irregular rugulosity, without longitudinal carinae, predominantly glabrous, with only few scattered semierect hairs; metasoma past petiole moderately to strongly compressed laterally; anterior margin of syntergite at most slightly arcuate but not notched or excised medially, syntergite without median longitudinal groove; apex of metasoma conical in female; segments past syntergite often telescoped; S2 almost entirely concealed ventrally by sides of syntergite; apical sternite vomeriform.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Within the Diapriinae , Calogalesus is considerably isolated taxonomically; however, it is related to the tribe Psilini because of some cephalic character states (e.g., development of labrum, mandible, armature of frons, etc.), but cannot be satisfactorily placed here. The venation of the forewing as well as the structure of the metasoma in general (syntergite, i.e., T2 + T3) make the genus very distinct. Kieffer (1911) wrongly stated the notaulus absent in Calogalesus , an error corrected by Masner (1965). The above diagnosis and description of the genus is focused on the New World species and is not applicable to some exotic species.

DISTRIBUTION: This is principally an Old World genus; we examined species of Calogalesus from various parts of Africa, the Orient, and Australia. Two undescribed species are known to us from the Antilles ( U.S. Virgin Is.) (CNCI), one of them probably a cosmopolitan species.

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

Peckidium , new genus Figures 82, 83

DIAGNOSIS (♀): Minute (about 1 mm), gracile individuals; body color predominantly light brown; body predominantly smooth, highly shining, with only few scattered semierect hairs, no hairy cushions and no foamy structures; head considerably depressed, occiput very long, with deep longitudinal sulcus posteromedially; ocellar triangle situated far in front of anterior orbit of eye, leaving frons extremely short; face remarkably long; antenna 14­segmented, with nonabrupt 5­ segmented clava; mesosoma strongly depressed and flattened dorso­ventrally; pronotum strongly developed dorsally, subtrapezoidal, as long as mesoscutum; anterior scutellar pit replaced by arc of minute crenulae; propodeal keel replaced by deep depression; forewing very narrow, paddle­shaped, slightly subangular, with extremely long marginal cilia; submarginal vein reaching foremargin of wing without forming marginal vein; stigmal vein not developed; postmarginal vein extremely long, reaching almost to apex of wing; metasoma past petiole with very narrow trapezoidal T2 (abdominal T3 ) and T3 (abdominal T4 ) large, hence no syntergite ; abdominal T8 with spiracles ; abdominal T9 with cerci ; laterotergites relatively narrow, loosely covering corresponding sternites; large sternite (past petiole) without longitudinal lateral groove.

DESCRIPTION (♀): HEAD. Head in dorsal view slightly longer than wide, subovoid, with antennal shelf and toruli moderately projecting; frons unarmed; ocellar triangle situated far in front of anterior orbit of eye; occiput with deep longitudinal sulcus posteromedially, occipital carina well developed, rimlike, with minute crenulae; occipital flange rudimentary, not steplike; head in lateral view considerably elongate, strongly depressed and flattened dorsally, antennal shelf moderately projecting; level of torulus at midpoint of eye; eye relatively small, subcircular, with relatively large ommatidia; oral carina not projecting; postgena relatively broad; head in frontal view with face almost flat, slightly longer than wide; clypeus remarkably narrow, distinctly higher than wide, with anterior margin truncate, anterolateral corners of clypeus acute; epistomal sulcus strongly developed at sides; labrum not exposed; malar sulcus deep, together with orbital sulcus (from inner orbit of eye to mandibular condyle) enclosing triangle in malar space; malar space shorter than eye height; cheek not striate; tentorial pit rudimentary; mandible short, strong, very broad at base, clasped, tridentate, middle tooth longest; palpi very short, palpal formula 3–1; head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge not developed; antenna 14­segmented; A1 relatively long, subcylindrical, apical rim without flaps, only moderately excavate ventrally; A3–A9 small, almost beadlike; clava nonabrupt, 5­segmented, clavomeres not flattened ventrally, A14 largest, without ventral pit. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma relatively short, distinctly depressed, much wider than high, flattened dorsally, in lateral view from pronotum to propodeum almost in one level; prothorax in dorsal view strongly developed, subtrapezoidal, medially as long as mesoscutum, with longitudinal sulcus medially; pronotal shoulders not developed; side of pronotum almost flat, epomium not developed, hairy cushion along anterior margin not developed; spiracle on prothorax relatively small, not projecting; mesoscutum strongly transverse, much wider than long, strongly flattened dorsally, with row of large crenulae along anterior margin (between notauli); parapsidal and anterior parallel lines not developed; notaulus weakly indicated in anterior half of mesoscutum, abbreviate in posterior half, noncrenulate, converging posteriorly; humeral and suprahumeral sulci not developed; transscutal articulation present but very fine; anterior scutellar pit replaced by arc of minute crenulae; scutellar disc broadly transverse, with no lateral keels, axillar, lateral and posterior scutellar pits not developed; posterior margin of axilla round­ ed; axillar depression elongate, narrow, relatively shallow; mesopleuron moderately convex, smooth and glabrous, with deep horizontal sulcus in median oblique depression; epicnemial pit well developed; sternaulus not developed; upper margin of mesopleuron (under tegula) rimlike; metanotum strongly reduced, replaced by deep crenulate groove, dorsellum not clearly defined; metapleuron smooth, glabrous, mirrorlike­shining, with ventral carina (between mid and hind coxae) and dorsal carina (below propodeum); propodeum relatively large, trapezoidal, with spiracle situated in extreme anterolateral corner; median keel replaced by shallow subtriangular depression, plica weakly developed, area between plica and median depression smooth, shining and glabrous; posterolateral corners of propodeum not projecting; nucha relatively long; forewing very narrow, paddle shaped, slightly subangular at midpoint, with extremely long marginal cilia; submarginal vein reaching foremargin of wing without forming marginal vein; stigmal vein not developed; postmarginal vein extremely long, reaching almost to apex of wing, with no other veins, posterior half of wing with whitish horizontal line parallelling posterior margin of wing; hind wing extremely narrow, stalked in anterior half, lanceolate, with long marginal cilia, submarginal vein tubular in basal half; legs relatively short and strong, trochanters distinctly elongate, femora distinctly clavate; apex of hind femur without flaps. METASOMA. Petiole moderately elongate, cylindrical, with irregular fine rugulosity, with moderate flange anteriorly; metasoma past petiole considerably depressed dorso­ventrally, much wider than high, with very narrow trapezoidal T2 (abdominal T3) and T3 (abdominal T4) large, hence no syntergite; abdominal T8 with spiracles; abdominal T9 with cerci; laterotergites relatively narrow; large sternite (past petiole) without longitudinal lateral groove.

TYPE SPECIES: Peckidium enigmaticum , new species (♀) (described below), by present designation.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Peckidium is no doubt the most unusual member of the family Diapriidae . Several character states (e.g., position of ocelli, long pronotum, venation of forewing, short trapezoidal T 2) are truly unique not only for the Diapriinae but for the entire family Diapriidae . Therefore, the classification of Peckidium in the Diapriinae is considered as a tentative compromise.

ETYMOLOGY: The name of this unusual genus honors Dr. S. B. Peck (Carleton University, Ottawa), who collected the first individuals of P. enigmaticum , and over the years contributed generously with rich entomological material to the Canadian National Collection of Insects. The suffix idium is stressing the diminutive nature of this tiny wasp; the gender is neuter.

DISTRIBUTION: The only known species, P. enigmaticum , may very well be tropicopolitan in distribution; the present known distribution indicates possible relict characters of the genus. We examined numerous specimens from tropical South and Central America (including the Antilles), the Guinea of West Africa, the Philippines (Leyte), and Papua New Guinea (New Britain).

BIOLOGY: The host is unknown. The majority of specimens examined were collected in undisturbed lowland tropical rainforests, i.e., not associated with human activity; however, one female (Carabobo, Venezuela) was collected in a coffee plantation.

Peckidium enigmaticum , new species Figures 82, 83

DESCRIPTION: Holotype, ♀: Length 1.1 mm; body yellowish brown with legs (including coxae) slightly lighter; forewing generally infuscate, with distinct transverse lighter band near midpoint of wing (past frenal gutter). HEAD. Head in dorsal view slightly longer than wide (23:19); vertex and occiput smooth, shining, with few scattered setigerous punctures; median longitudinal sulcus on occiput reaching midway to posterior ocelli; temple slightly longer than eye (7:6), distinctly receding toward occipital carina; toruli separated by space subequal to their diameter; anterior ocellus remote from torulus by less than its own diameter; head in lateral view distinctly longer than high (23:12); eye height: malar space (9:5); head in frontal view with space between toruli only slightly emarginate, face smooth, shining, with scattered fine pilosity; antennal segments in relative proportions (12:3), (4:2.5), (2:2.5), (1.5: 2), (1:2), (1:2), (1:2), (1.5:2.5), (2:3), (3:4), (3.5:4.5), (4:4.5), (4.5:4.5), (6:4.5). MESO­ SOMA. Mesosoma longer than wide (35:22); pronotum medially (including cervix) only slightly shorter than mesoscutum (7:10), with median line finely crenulate; side of pronotum predominantly smooth; mesoscutum strongly transverse, smooth and shining, almost glabrous, distinctly wider than long (18: 10); notaulus widest anteriorly, gradually tapering posteriorly, not exceeding midpoint of mesoscutum; axilla relatively large, subtriangular, scutellar disc smooth, shining, almost glabrous; plica complete, represented by irregular rugulose carina; forewing with longest marginal cilia subequal to wing width. METASOMA. Petiole moderately elongate (14:5.5); T2 (abdominal T3 ) narrow, trapezoidal, transverse, wider than long (15:2.5); T3 (abdominal T4 ) very large, as long as wide (25:25), with scattered semiappressed hairs, predominantly at sides and along pos­ terior margin; T5 and following tergites with long semierect hairs; cercus very small, with two long bristles.

MALE: Recently the junior author collected three males that obviously belonged to Peckidium . However, at this time we prefer not to assign these males to P. enigmaticum . Surprisingly, the antenna is 12­segmented in two males and 13­segmented in another male.

TYPE MATERIAL: 26♀. Holotype, ♀ ( CNC no. 22460), DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Prov. Barahona, 7 km NW Paraiso, 200 m, November 27–December 4, 1991, L. Masner & S.B. Peck, FIT, rainforest remnant well preserved . Paratypes, 1♀, COSTA RICA, Heredia Prov., Braulio Carillo N.P., 1400 m, June 12, 1985, H. Goulet & L. Masner, s.s .; 1♀, Guanacaste Prov. Guanacaste National Park, Biological Station Pitilla, 1200 m, February 11, 1995, L. Masner , YPT; 1♀, CUBA, Pinar Del Rio, Sierra Del Rosario, Rangel , 15 km S Cinco Pesos, June 30, 1990, M.A. Ivie, Berlese from dead log and leaf litter ; 1♀, Santiago Prov., 6 km NE Siboney, 150 m, Tres Arroyos, Rio Jurangua , 19°59̍N, 75°60̍W, December 16, 1995, L. Masner, YPT in creek bed ; 1♀, DOMINICAN RE­ PUBLIC, same data as holotype ; 2♀, EC­ UADOR, Pichincha Prov., 47 km S Santo Domingo, Rio Palenque Station , June–August 1985, S. & J. Peck, lowland rainforest, FIT ; 1♀, same as above, July 22–31, 1976; 1♀, same as above, February 4, 1983, L. Masner, s.s.; 1♀, Napo, 400 m, Jatun Sacha Lodge , 21 km E Puerto Napo, July 20, 1994, Levy & Génier, in FIT rainforest ; 1♀, FRENCH GUIANA, 5 km N Saul , 3°38̍N, 53°13̍W, 160–260 m, October 1995, D. Grimaldi, YPT in creek bed ; 4♀, GUATE­ MALA, Dep. Izabal, Las Escobas , 8 km SW Puerto Barrilos, 150–200 m, November 12– 14, 1986, M. Sharkey, from sifted bog and bracket fungi on log ; 1♀, PANAMA, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Is. , July 29, 1976, R. B. & L.S. Kimsey ; 1♀, same as above, February 27, 1976, A. Newton, Berlese leaflitter forest floor; 1♀, PERU, Tambopata Prov., Dep. Madre de Dios, 16 km NE Puerto Maldonado, Res. Cuzco, Amazonica , 12°33̍S, 69°03̍W, 200 m, June 17, 1989, J.S. Ashe & R. A. Leschen, FIT no. 35 ; 3♀, VENEZUELA, Guri , December 28, 1987, M. Sanborne, MT FIT ; 1♀, Carabobo, Pal­ michal, Canoabo, J.L. Garcia ( MIZA) ; 1♀, El Pao Pilancones , January 12–16, 1995, A. Alemán , MT ( MIZA); 1♀, TOBAGO, 10 km NE Roxborough, 450 m, Gilpin trail, May 28–31, 1993, S.B. Peck, MT in rainforest ; 1♀, TRINIDAD, 8 km N Arima, Simla Res. Sta. , 260 m, June 24–July 8, 1993, S.B. Peck, FIT, in lower montane forest ; 1♀ AF­ RICA, Guinea, Mt. Nimba , 7°42̍N, 8°23̍W, December 1990 – March 1991, L. Leblanc, FIT rainforest ; 1♀, same as above, Gouan River , July 27–30, 1990 ; 1♀, PHILIP­ PINES, Leyte near Baybay, Mt. Pangasugan , 10°45̍N, 124°50̍E, 250 m, May 28–30, 1987, D.C. Darling , YPT; 1♀, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, East New Britain, Baynings Mts. , base camp DPI station, river, April 3–15, 1999, L. Leblanc & M. Kalaman, FIT/ YPT .

ETYMOLOGY: From enigmaticum (Latin) , referring to the mysterious nature of this species.

DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical region (Antilles, Central and South America), Ethiopian region (West Africa), Oriental region ( Philippines), and Australian region ( Papua New Guinea). The real distribution is probably much wider as the tiny individuals are easily overlooked in bulk material.

BIOLOGY: Host unknown; several individuals were sifted from forest leaf litter (with fungi) in lowland rainforests.

VARIATION: Despite its tropicopolitan distribution spanning four zoogeographic regions, individuals of P. enigmaticum exhibit a surprisingly low degree of variation. Among the 26 specimens examined, the body size varies from 1 to 1.1 mm. Some specimens are slightly darker (castaneous brown) than the holotype. The median longitudinal sulcus on occiput may be longer or shorter and the median longitudinal sulcus on pronotum may be less developed in some individuals. The length of notaulus is also subject to minor variation.

Figures

Figs. 80–88. 80, Paramesius sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 81, Paramesius sp. female habitus, lateral view; 82, Peckidium enigmaticum n. sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 83, P. enigmaticum female habitus, lateral view; 84, Philolestoides sp. female habitus, lateral view; 85, Pentapria sp. female habitus, lateral view; 86, Pentapria sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 87, Poecilopsilus sp. female habitus, lateral view; 88, Poecilopsilus sp. female habitus, dorsal view.