Heterocarpus sibogae De Man , 1917
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.2 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B26D8C16-B96C-47C5-AB46-DBE1B0586F26 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4901951 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E6087B6-FFAF-FFA2-E79E-3AD6FB52FBBE |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Heterocarpus sibogae De Man , 1917 |
status |
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Heterocarpus sibogae De Man, 1917 View in CoL
( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 , Table 1 View TABLE 1 )
Size: CL, mean 0.41 mm (range 0.38–0.43 mm); BL, mean 1.88 mm (range 1.85–1.90 mm); TL, mean 2.28 mm (range 2.25–2.30 mm).
Carapace ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 A, B, D): Dorsoventrally flattened; rostrum slightly curved and slender, longer than antennular peduncle; dorsal anterior and posterior processes present; anteroventral margin bearing strong pterygostomian spine and 1 distinct spine; eyes sessile.
Antennule ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 E): Peduncle unsegmented, slender and bearing 1 small tubercle; exopod unsegmented with 1 spatulate seta and 3 terminal aesthetascs as well as 1 terminal plumose seta; endopod with 1 long plumose seta.
Antenna ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 F): Peduncle unsegmented and with 1 distal spine; endopod unsegmented, with 1 long terminal plumose seta and 1 slender spine; exopod distally 6-segmented, with 11 marginal plumose setae, 1 distolateral seta and inner tubercle.
Mandible ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 G): Palp absent; incisor and molar processes well differentiated; with lacinia mobilis.
Maxillule ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 H): Coxal endite with 7 (2 subterminal+5 terminal) setae; basial endite with 2 strong setae and 3 cuspidate setae; endopod unsegmented, with 2 subterminal setae and 3 terminal setae; exopod absent.
Maxilla ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 I): Coxal endite bilobed with 9+4 setae; basial endite bilobed with 3+4 setae; endopod with 9 (3+2+1+1+2) setae; scaphognathite margin with 5 plumose setae.
First maxilliped ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 J): Coxa with 4 setae; basis with 9 setae; endopod unsegmented with 3, 1, 2, 4 (1 subterminal+3 terminal) setae; exopod unsegmented with 4 long plumose natatory setae.
Second maxilliped ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 K): Coxa with 1 seta; basis with 6 setae; endopod 4-segmented with 2, 1, 2, 4 (1 subterminal+3 terminal) setae; exopod unsegmented with 5 long plumose natatory setae.
Third maxilliped ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 L): Coxa without setae; basis with 4 setae; endopod 4-segmented with 2, 1, 2, 4 (1 subterminal+3 terminal) setae; exopod unsegmented with 5 long plumose natatory setae.
Pereiopods: Absent.
Abdomen ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 A, C): With 5 somites and without setae or spines.
Pleopods: Absent.
Uropods: Absent.
Telson ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 A): Subtriangular, posterior border with 7+7 setae, outermost 2 pairs only plumose on inner margin; bases of each seta except outermost one with row of minute spinules.
H. abulbus View in CoL H. hayashii View in CoL H. sibogae View in CoL H. ensifer View in CoL The morphology of larvae have been known in nine pandalid genera ( Atlantopandalus, Pike & Williamson 1964 View in CoL [Z1, Z7; Z = Zoea]; Austropandalus, Thatje & Bacardit 2000 View in CoL [Z1–Z5]; Chlorotocus, Heegaard 1969 View in CoL [Z1]; Dichelopandalus, Lebour 1940 View in CoL , Pike & Williamson 1964 [Z1–Z6], Pandalina, Lebour 1940 View in CoL , Pike & Williamson 1964 [Z1–Z7, P = Post-larva]; Pandalus, Lebour 1940 View in CoL , Pike & Williamson 1964 [Z1–Z6]; Stylopandalus, Lebour 1940 View in CoL [Z1–Z9, P]; Plesionika, Landeira et al. 2009 View in CoL [Z1–Z5]; Heterocarpus, Iwata et al. 1986 View in CoL , Landeira et al. 2010 [Z1–Z5]). Common characters of pandalid larvae are: eye peduncle narrowed at base; carapace with two dorsal protuberances and anteroventral margin bearing spines, antennule with peduncle strongly concave and exopod bearing spatulate seta; antennal exopod segmented; rostrum well-developed since early stages (also see Thatje & Bacardit 2000, Landeira et al. 2010). For the first zoeal stage, however, there are no clear difference found amongst different pandalid genera.
With respect to the genus Heterocarpus View in CoL , the first zoeae of only two species were known, namely H. ensifer ( Landeira et al. 2010) View in CoL and H. sibogae ( Iwata et al. 1986) View in CoL . However, the description of H. sibogae View in CoL is rather brief and the present work re-describes the first zoea of this species in details. With the addition of H. abulbus View in CoL and H. hayashii View in CoL , the first zoeae of four species in this genus are now known. All of them share the common characters of anteroventral margin of carapace bearing spines, carapace with dorsomedian tubercles on anterior and posterior parts, and antennule with spatulate seta. On the other hand, the first zoeae of these four species can be readily distinguished by the following characters (also see Table 1 View TABLE 1 ):
(1) Spines on anteroventral margin of carapace: Other than the pterygostomian spine, H. sibogae View in CoL differs from the other three species in bearing only one additional spine at the anteroventral margin of carapace (vs. 2 spines in others). Heterocarpus abulbus View in CoL can also be separated from H. ensifer View in CoL and H. hayashii View in CoL in the one of the two additional spines at the anteroventral carapace being rather weak (both spines very distinct in H. ensifer View in CoL and H. hayashii View in CoL ).
(2) Body size and rostral length: The size of the zoea is much larger for H. abulbus View in CoL (body length 2.44 mm) as compared to the other three species (body lengths 1.93 mm, 1.89 mm, 1.88 mm in H. ensifer View in CoL , H. hayashii View in CoL and H. sibogae View in CoL , respectively). The rostrum of H. ensifer View in CoL is distinctly shorter than the other three species in only extending to the middle of the antennular peduncle (vs. reaching or overreaching distal margin of antennular peduncle).
(3) Appendage setation: The endopod of maxillule has three subterminal setae in H. ensifer View in CoL , whilst the other three species have only two subterminal setae. Heterocarpus abulbus View in CoL can be further separated from H. hayashii View in CoL and H. sibogae View in CoL in having two instead of one seta on the coxa of the second maxilliped. Moreoever, H. sibogae View in CoL has a somewhat different endopod setation at the second maxilliped (2, 1, 2, 4 vs. 3, 1, 2, 4– 5 in the other three species, see Table 1 View TABLE 1 ).
As in adults, the first zoeae of H. ensifer View in CoL , H. hayashii View in CoL and H. sibogae View in CoL are more similar than with H. abulbus View in CoL , which belongs to a different species group than the former three. On the other hand, although adults of H. ensifer View in CoL , H. hayashii View in CoL and H. sibogae View in CoL are rather similar, distinct differences are already present amongst the zoeae of these closely related species. All these suggested that larval characters can provide important insights to the understanding of the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships amongst Heterocarpus View in CoL shrimps.
(present study) | (present study) | (present study) | (Landeira et al. 2010) | |
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Carapace | ||||
Length (mm) | 0.53–0.58 | 0.38–0.45 | 0.38–0.43 | about 0.42 |
Anteroventral spines Antennule | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Peduncle Endopod Exopod setation Antenna (setation) | 1 small tubercle long plumose seta 3a+1p+1s | 1 small tubercle long plumose seta 3a+1p+1s | 1 small tubercle long plumose seta 3a+1p+1s | 2 small tubercles long plumose seta 3a+1p+1s |
Peduncle Endopod Exopod Maxillule (setation) | 1b 1p+1v 11p+1d | 1b 1p+1v 11p+1d | 1b 1p+1v 11p+1d | 1b 1p+1v 11p+1d |
Coxal endite Basial endite Endopod Exopod Maxilla (setation) | 7 2t+3c 5 0 | 7 2t+3c 5 0 | 7 2t+3c 5 0 | 7 2t+3c 6 0 |
Coxal endite Basial endite Endopod Scaphognathite 1 Maxilliped (setation) | 8+3 3+4 3,2,1,1,2 5p | 8+3 4+4 3,2,1,1,2 5p | 9+4 3+4 3,2,1,1,2 5p | 9+4 5+5 3,2,1,1,2 5p |
Coxal Basis Endopod Exopod 2 Maxilliped (setation) | 5 11 3,1,2,4 4p | 4 10 3,1,2,4 4p | 4 9 3,1,2,4 4p | 7 12 3,1,2,4 4p |
Coxal Basis Endopod Exopod 3 Maxilliped (setation) | 2 8 3,1,2,5 5p | 1 9 3,1,2,5 5p | 1 6 2,1,2,4 5p | 1 9 3,1,2,4 5p |
Coxal Basis Endopod Exopod | 0 4 2,1,2,4 5p | 0 4 2,1,2,4 5p | 0 4 2,1,2,4 5p | 0 4 2,1,2,4 5p |
Discussion |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Heterocarpus sibogae De Man , 1917
Jiang, Guo-Chen, Chan, Tin-Yam & Shih, Tung-Wei 2014 |
H. ensifer (
Landeira et al. 2010 |
Plesionika
Landeira et al. 2009 |
Austropandalus
Thatje & Bacardit 2000 |
Heterocarpus
Iwata et al. 1986 |
H. sibogae (
Iwata et al. 1986 |
Chlorotocus
Heegaard 1969 |
Atlantopandalus
Pike & Williamson 1964 |
Dichelopandalus
Lebour 1940 |
Pandalina
Lebour 1940 |
Pandalus
Lebour 1940 |
Stylopandalus
Lebour 1940 |