Siphocampylus flavescens G.P.Coelho, 2022

Coelho, Guilherme Peres, Iganci, João Ricardo Vieira & Miotto, Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia, 2022, Siphocampylus flavescens (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), a New Endangered Species from Southeastern Brazil, Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 47 (2), pp. 562-566 : 562-563

Siphocampylus flavescens G.P.Coelho , sp. nov.

TYPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Olaria, Serra Negra , on vicinal road 10 km from BR-267, - 21.935485 °, - 43.928723 °, 1032 m, 12 December 2019, G.P. Coelho et al. 367 (holotype: ICN 203181 !) .

A Siphocampylo fluminensi similis sed ab ea margine foliorum aequaliter denticulato, denticulis minutis, base obtusaatenuata, hypanthio breviore, late obconico, lobis calycis deflexis, tubo corollae sub-erecto, unicolore, flavo, capsula rotundata differt.

Subshrubs 1–2 m tall, polycarpic, terrestrial. Stem decumbent, very branched, tomentose. Latex white. Leaves with phyllotaxis whorled, 3(–4) per node, sometimes alternate in the basis of branch, petiole 0.5–2 cm long; leaf blade 4.5–7.6 X 2.2–5.4 cm, ovate to elliptic, apex acute, base obtuse, margin unequally denticulate, membranaceous, adaxial surface with sparse trichomes, abaxial surface tomentose, especially in the veins. Flower solitary, axillary, peduncle 4.5–7.5 cm long, tomentose; hypanthium widely obconic, reduced, 0.1– 0.2(–0.4) X 0.2–0.4(–0.5) cm; calyx lobes deflexed at the upper half, linear-triangular, 0.4–0.7 cm long, margin entire; corolla tube sub-erect, 4.9–5.7 cm long, yellow, lobes triangular, yellow; staminal tube glabrescent, yellow, anthers erect, slightly curvate in the apex, glabrescent, penicillate, with a tuft of elongated white trichomes in the apex of the two lower ones, bluish; style glabrescent, stigma glabrescent. Capsule rounded, not elongated, 0.8–1.1 X 0.4–0.8 cm. Seeds elliptic to spherical, brownish, ca. 0.5 X 0.5 mm, with foveolate wall. Figure 1 .

Etymology —The specific epithet refers to the color of the corolla, which is entirely yellow. This trait distinguishes the new species from most of the Brazilian species of Siphocampylus .

Distribution and Habitat —This species is only known from Brazil, in Minas Gerais state. It occurs in forest edges of semi-deciduous forests in the western and northwestern parts of Serra Negra, a region in the Serra da Mantiqueira complex, in places between 1000 and 1200 m of elevation ( Fig. 2 ). This region is located at the southeastern portion of Serra da Mantiqueira and ranges from 800 to 1700 m of elevation. The vegetation of Serra Negra is characterized by a mosaic of rocky grasslands and forests, especially cloud forest ( Salimena et al. 2013). Siphocampylus flavescens , however, is found in the less common semi-deciduous seasonal forest.

Phenology —The species was collected in flower in July, December, and February. Fruits were observed in December.

Informal Conservation Status —Endangered, EN B1ab(iii)+ 2ab(iii), following IUCN (2017) guidelines. This species is only known from three localities with a narrow distribution (EOO = 480 km 2). It is not known to occur in any protected area and is often found on roadsides, being more exposed to human activities. Historically, the region of occurrence of the new species was explored mainly for wood extraction and pastures ( Salimena et al. 2013). More recently, the area is being exposed to increasing rural tourism.

Paratypes — Brazil. — MINAS GERAIS: Desterro do Melo. Santinha, 21 ° 09 ' 53 '' S, 43 ° 35 ' 59 '' W, 1117 m, 28 December 2013, M. Sobral 15592 ( RB 604219 !); Lima Duarte. Estrada para Monte Verde , 24 July 1987, M.C. Brugger s.n. ( SPF 73004 !) .

Figures

FIG. 1. Siphocampylus flaoescens. A. Habit. B. Flowering branch. C. Adaxial leaf surface. D. Abaxial leaf surface. E. Detail of an immature fruit. F. Detail of a flower. Photographs by Guilherme Peres Coelho.

FIG. 2. A. Habitat of Siphocampylus flaoescens in the border of a forest, on a roadside of Serra Negra, Olaria, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Photograph by Guilherme Peres Coelho. B. Distribution of Siphocampylus flaoescens (red stars) in Southeastern Brazil. The overview map on the top left highlights the locality of Minas Gerais state in the Brazilian territory. Abbreviations for Brazilian states: ES = Espırito Santo; MG = Minas Gerais; RJ = Rio de Janeiro; SP = S~ ao Paulo.