Cafius algarum, (Sharp), 1998

Lee, Jae-Seok, Yoo, In-Seong & Ahn, Kee-Jeong, 2021, A Taxonomic Review of Coastal Cafius algarum (Sharp) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) with Two New Synonyms and Discussion of Its Distributional Extension, The Coleopterists Bulletin 75 (4), pp. 835-844 : 838-843

CAFIUS ALGARUM (Sharp)

Philonthus (Cafius) algarum Sharp 1874: 38 [Type locality: Nagasaki; 2 syntypes in BMNH]; Fauvel 1874: 196 ( Cafius ); Bernhauer and Schubert 1914: 361 ( Cafius ; catalog); Scheerpeltz 1933: 1369 ( Cafius ; catalog); Koch 1936: 191, 193 ( Cafius ; characters in key); Watanabe 1961: 354 ( Cafius ; Izu Islands); Watanabe 1993 ( Cafius ; cited as alganum; Sarushima Island); Kanehisa et al. 1994 ( Cafius ; chemical secretions); Frank and Ahn 2011: 33 ( Cafius ; catalog); Shibata et al. 2013: 164 ( Cafius ; list).

Cafius subtilis Cameron 1922: 121 [Type locality: Jamaica; 12 syntypes in BMNH]; Scheerpeltz 1933: 1370 ( Cafius ; catalog); Bierig 1934: 65 ( Cafius ; characters; Cuba); Koch 1936: 192 ( Cafius ; characters); Blackwelder 1943: 436 ( Cafius ; characters; Cuba; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; St. Croix; St. Kitts; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica); Ramos 1946: 33 ( Cafius ; Mona Island, West Indies); Orth and Moore 1980: 199 ( Cafius ; notes; characters); Frank 1985: 62 ( Cafius ; Florida); Frank et al. 1986: 149 ( Cafius ; characters); Frank and Ahn 2011: 34 ( Cafius ; catalog). New synonym.

Cafius (Remus) aguayoi Bierig 1934: 66 [Type locality: USA: Woods Hole, Massachusetts; Holotype in FMNH]; Koch 1936: 192 ( Cafius ; characters); Orth and Moore 1980: 199 ( Cafius ; characters); Frank et al. 1986: 149 ( Cafius ; notes); Frank and Ahn 2011: 33 ( Cafius ; catalog). New synonym.

Redescription. Body length 4.5–5.5 mm, forebody length (from clypeus to elytron) 2.2–2.5 mm. Head and pronotum black; elytra, epipleura, and abdomen blackish brown to black, partly reddish brown; antennomeres 1–3 dark brown, 4–11 brown, becoming paler to apically; mouthparts brown, partly reddish brown; legs reddish brown, partly dark brown or black ( Fig. 1A ). Male. Head ( Figs. 3A, B ). Dull, subquadrate with rounded hind angles, as long as wide or slightly longer than wide (length/width = 1.00–1.09). Short longitudinal depression weakly present on interocular region. Punctures on dorsal surface large and pit-like, central impunctate area longitudinally narrow. Microsculpture transverse on medial region; reticulate on intermediate, dorso-lateral region, and ventral regions; strongly coalescent on ventral region; transverse on submentum and gular region.A few setae scattered on medial region, more or less evenly distributed on intermediate region, setae densely distributed on lateral and ventral region; frontoclypeal setiferous puncture, preocular setiferous puncture, lateral ocular setiferous puncture, four occipital setiferous punctures, genal setiferous puncture, and infraorbital setiferous puncture present; postocular seta closer to posterior margin of head than to posterior margin of eye. Mentum with 2 long setae on each side of midline. Gular sutures separated. Dorsal basal ridge and nuchal ridge present on neck. Antennae filiform ( Fig. 4A ); antennomeres 1–3 remarkably elongate, 4–7 elongate, 8–10 subquadrate; approximate length ratio of each antennomere 69:42:38:32:33:35:35:33:32:32:49. Compound eye large, longer than half length of temple (eye length/ temple length = 0.63–0.73); facets coarse, interfacetal setae long. Mouthparts. Labrum with each lobe somewhat subquadrate, medial emargination U-shaped; transparent apical membranous part less broad than sclerotized part. Mandibles asymmetrical; left with two teeth, right with one tooth; about 3–4 serial gland pores present. Maxillary palpomere 4 more or less fusiform, narrower than penultimate one; palpomere 2 swollen. Labial palpomere 3 more or less fusiform, ligula slightly emarginate. Thorax. Pronotum ( Fig. 3C ) dull, rectangular, longer than wide (length/width = 1.17–1.27); lateral margin more or less straight. Microsculpture transverse on medial region, reticulate on intermediate region, granulate on lateral region, dorsal longitudinal rows of setiferous punctures not distinctly separated from ground punctures; clearly defined and slightly elevated central impuctate region narrowly present; setae densely distributed on intermediate and lateral region; largest setiferous lateral puncture separated from lateral carina by at least 3 times width of the puncture. Prosternum ( Fig. 3D ) with 2 long setae on central region; carina on prosternum not rounded, making angle posteriorly but emarginate at tip. Hypomeron ( Fig. 3D ) with distinct microsculpture but without seta.Elytron ( Fig. 3E ) moderately long (length/width = 2.25–2.38) and wider than pronotum; one humeral seta present but lateral seta absent; punctation dense and simple. Mesoventrite ( Fig. 3F ) with transverse carina, connected to lateral margins of acute mesoventral process; mesocoxal cavities narrowly separated, posterior margin of mesocoxal cavities incompletely developed. Front tibia ( Fig. 4B ) with several spines; front tarsomeres 1–4 strongly dilated laterally, tarsomere 5 broadened apically ( Fig. 4C ), pale setae slightly spatulate; hind tarsomere 1 longer than 5. Abdomen ( Fig. 4D ). Microsculpture on tergites transversely reticulate; punctures more or less coalescent; pubescence on each tergite more or less longitudinally directed. Posterior transverse basal carina completely developed and more or less straight on abdominal tergites III–VI, VII incomplete. Tergite VIII ( Fig. 5A ) with one long macroseta on each side of midline, apical margin arcuate. Pubescence of segment VIII much sparser than segment VII. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 5B ) with 3 long macrosetae on each side of midline, apical margin deeply emarginate, rounded basal carina present. Laterotergal sclerite ( Fig. 5D ) long and slender, with 5 long macrosetae and 2 long macrosetae on tip. Basal part of sternite IX ( Fig. 5C ) well developed; posterior margin of sternite IX rounded. Posterior margin of tergite X ( Fig. 5D ) rounded. Aedeagus. Apical process of median lobe ( Fig. 5H ) rounded on ventral aspect. Paramere ( Figs. 5I, J ) with rounded apical margin on ventral aspect, longer than half length of median lobe; with about 5–6 acorn-shaped pegs forming 2 longitudinal rows, positioned at apico-medial region; 4 apical setae and 2 pairs of lateral setae present, all setae similar in length. Female. Apical margin of abdominal sternite VIII ( Fig. 5E ) entire, rounded; gonocoxite II narrowly tubular ( Fig. 5F ); gonostyle with 1 long macroseta on tip, separated from gonocoxite II and sclerotized. Tergite X as in Fig. 5G .

Type Specimens EXamined. Syntype, female. ( Figs. 1B, E ), “ Type || Japan . | G. Lewis || Sharp Coll. | 1905-318. || Cafius | alg-arum | type D.S. || Japan || Syntype | Philonthus algarum SHARP, 1874

| M. Schülke det. 1992 || Cafius | algarum (SHARP) | det. M. Schülke 1992 || SYN- | TYPE ” ( BMNH); syntype, “ Japan. | G. Lewis. | 1910-320. || Cafius | algarum mihi | D.S. || Cafius algarum (Sharp) | det. K.-J. AHN 2002 || SYN- | TYPE ” ( BMNH). Syntype ( Figs. 1C, F ), “Type | H. T. || ♂ || P. Royal | Jamaica || M.Cameron. | Bequest. | B.M. 1955-147. || SYN- | TYPE ” ( BMNH); syntype, “Co- | type || Jamaica | 1920.324 || subtilis Cam. || SYN- | TYPE ” ( BMNH); syntype, “P. Royal | Jamaica || C. | subtilis | Cam. || M.Cameron. | Bequest. | B.M. 1955-147. || SYN- | TYPE ” ( BMNH); 9 syntypes, “P. Royal | Jamaica || M.Cameron. | Bequest. | B.M. 1955-147. || SYN- | TYPE ” ( BMNH). Holotype ( Figs. 1D, G ), “Woods Hole, 8.VIII.31. | (aguayo leg.) | Mass./ U.S.A. || TYPUS || Field Mus. Nat. Hist. | 1966 | A. Bierig Colln.|Acc. Z-13812 || C. (Remus) | aguayoi | Big.” ( FMNH).

Specimens EXamined. CHINA: 1 ex., “ China Tsingtao (Yano), M.Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955- 147. Cafius algarum (Sharp) det. K.J. AHN 2004” ( BMNH); 1 ex., “ Hong Kong Walker Coll 93-58. Cafius algarum (Shp.) Det. 1998 G. de Rougement ” ( BMNH) . KOREA: Gangwon Prov., 1♂, Donghae- City, Donghae-hang , N37°49′10′′ E129° 14′54′′, 25 VIII 2003, MJ Jeon, ex under seaweeds; 1♀, Gangmun-beach, N 37°83′79′′ E128°87′74′′, 24 VII 2003, SJ Park, MJ Jeon, ex under seaweeds; 23♂, Gosunggun, Bongpo , 13 IX 1998, KJ Ahn, ex under decaying seaweed; Kyeongbuk [Gyeongbuk] Prov., 1♂ 5♀, Kugae , 6 July 1991, KJ Ahn, ex under seaweed ; Gyeongnam Prov., 1♂, Is. Geojedo, Donbumyeon Gabae-ri , 29 VI 2001, CW Shin, SJ Park, ex under seaweed; Jeonnam Prov, 7♂ 6♀, Jindo, Imhoemyeon , Geumgab beach, 22 VIII 2001, KJ Ahn, JH Ahn, SJ Park, CW Shin, MJ Jeon, ex under wracks; 3♂, Bosung-gun Hoichun-myeon, Dongryul-ri, Yulpo beach, KJ Ahn, HJ Kim, MJ Jeon, ex under dry seaweed; 1♂, Sinan-gun, llgeumdo, 25 VI 2001, MJ Jeon, ex under wracks; 4♀, Wando-Gun, Gangmun-ri , N34°36′42′′ E126°64′15′′, 31 VII 2003, SJ Park, ex under seaweeds; 1♀, Sinan-gun, Hwado , 25 VI 2001, MJ Jeon, ex under seaweeds; Jeju Prov., 1♀, Seogwipo-si, Seongsan-eup, Sinyang-ri , Seopjikoji , 14 IX 2006, YH Kim, under seaweeds; 1♀, Bukjeju-gun Gujoa-eup , Sehwa beach, N33°31′30.42′′ E126°51′31.74′′ 10 m, 08 IX 2007, TK Kim HW Kim, ex under debris on high tide zone; 1♀, Namjeju-gun Seongsan-eup, Iichulbong, 11 VI 2005, SI Lee, SJ Park, KJ Ahn, MJ Jeon, DH Lee, ex under seaweeds; 1♀, Seoguipo City , 12 XII 1985, KS Lee; 1♀, 24 X 1985, KS Lee; 1♀, 22 X 1985, KS Lee; 1♀, 4 V 1985, KS Lee; 1♀, Donneko, 22 X 1985, KS Lee; 1♀, Yongduam , 2 July 1991, KJ Ahn, ex under seaweed on rocks . JAPAN: Hokkaido, 1 ex., Oshima, Minami-kayabe, Ôfuna , N42°00′02′′ E140°52′54′′ 4 m, 07 VI 2012, M. Ôhara, sandy beach, under Sargassum, Laminaria, Zostera; 14 exx., Zenibako, TK Kim, YH Kim, 30 VI 2009, ex under seaweed; 6♂ 2♀, Shiribeshi, Otaru, Zenibako , N43°08′38.7′′ E141°09′45.9′′, 05 VI 2012, IS Yoo, debris on seawall; 2♀, Futami-gun, Yakumo-cho, Kumaishi , Ayukawa , N42°7′14.84′′ E140°0′15.61′′ − 1 m, 25 VIII 2014, KJ Ahn, JS Lee, ex under seaweed on pebble beach; Kyobe Town , Hamacho, 21 VI 1994, M. Maruyama, S. Hori leg.; 1♂, Shibetsu City, River mouth, 27 IX 2000, HJ Kim, MJ Jeon, ex under seaweeds; 3♀, Kyobe Town Hamacho, 21 VI 1994, M. Maruyama, S. Hori leg.; 1♀, Sumaura, Kobe City , Hyogo Pref., 8 VI 2006, Yasuko kawakami leg.; 2♂, Shimabara Nagasaui. P., 12 IX 1977, S. Imasaka leg.; Honshu, 1♂ (in 100% EtOH) , Fukui Pref., Fukui City, Nagahashi-Chô, Echizen-Seashore , N36°07′10.9′′ E136°03′11.2′′ 10 m, 08 VII 2010, KJ Ahn, IS Yoo, SG Lee, under rotten seaweeds on rocky seashore; 1 ex., Chiba Pref., Kamogawa City, Kaisuka, 17 VII 2019, KJ Ahn, under debris and seaweeds N35°05′21.56′′, E140°05′59.13′′; 1 ex., Futtsu City, Shin-maiko Beach, 17 VI 2019, KJ Ahn , under debris in high tide zone, N35°14′50.09′′, E139°52′03.01′′; Kyushu, 1 ex. , Fukuoka Pref., Fukuoka City, Nishi-ku, Ikinomatsubara , N33°34′51.43′′ E130°17′52.32′′ 5 m, 17 IV 2013, IS Yoo, JH Song, seaweeds on sandy beach; 1 ex. , Kagoshima Pref., Kanoya City, Tenjin-cho , N31°22′13.62′′ E130°46′50.52′′ − 1 m, 19 IV 2013, IS Yoo, JH Song, seaweeds on sandy beach; 1♀ , Kagoshima Pref., Kirishima City, Fukuyama-cho Fukuyama , N31°40′36.03′′ E130°48′55.49′′ − 9 m, 19 IV 2013, IS Yoo, JH Song, debris/seaweeds on sandy beach; 2 exx., “ Japan. G. Lewis Sharp Coll 1905-313. Cafius algarum (Sharp) det. K.-J. AHN 2002”; 3 exx., “Sharp Coll 1905-313. Cafius algarum (Sharp) det. K.J.AHN 2004” ( BMNH); 1 ex., “JAPAN Tango Miyazu 7. VI. 33 J. E. A. LEWIS C. algarum Sharp M.Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955 -147. Cafius algarum (Sharp) det. K.-J. AHN 2002” ( BMNH) . RUSSIA: Primorskiy kray, 1♂, Khasanskiy district, Lukina bay , N42°38′36.96′′ E130°58′16.32′′ , − 1 m, 6 VIII 2014, JH Song, sea grass; 4♂ 2♀ (in 100% EtOH), Khasanskiy district, Narva bay , sand beach, N43°0′41.45′′ E131°31′25.17′′ , − 1 m, 8 VIII 2014, JH Song, sea grass, floating. USA: New Hampshire, 1ex., Rockingham Co., Rye, Bass Beach , 42°58′10.9′′ N 70°46′15.3′′ W, 25 IX 2015, KJ Ahn, under seaweed; 1 ex., Rockingham Co. , Rye , Bass Beach , 25 IX 2015, KJ Ahn, under seaweed ; Florida, 1 ex., Monroe Co ., Florida Keys, Veteran’s Memorial Park , 1 I 2009, KJ Ahn, JH Ahn, ex under seagrasses on sandy beach; 1 ex., Indian River Co., Wabasso Beach , 14 II 2009, KJ Ahn, JH Ahn, ex under decaying fishes; Puerto Rico, 1 ex., Fajardo County , Seven Seas Beach, 18°22.227′ N 65°38.359′, VI 2009, Park09-021, J.-S. Park, ex under seaweeds; 1 ex., “U.S.A., Fla., Martin co., by House of Refuge 197 P. M.Hammond B.M. 1976-384 Cafius sericeus Holme det. J.H. Frank Cafius subtilis Cam. det R. G. Booth 2006” ( BMNH) .

Distribution. China, Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East, new record), USA (Florida, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico), and West Indies.

Figures

Fig. 1. Habitus and type specimen labels. A) Cafius algarum, length = 5.0 mm, B) C. algarum, one of 2 syntypes, C) C. subtilis, one of 12 syntypes, D) C. aguayoi, holotype, E) Syntype labels of C. algarum, F) Syntype labels of C. subtilis, G) Holotype labels of C. aguayoi.

Fig. 3. SEM images of Cafius algarum. A) Head, dorsal aspect, B) Head, ventral aspect, C) Pronotum, dorsal aspect, D) Prosternum, ventral aspect, E) Elytra, dorsal aspect, F) Meso- and metaventrites, ventral aspect.

Fig. 4. Cafius algarum. A) Antenna, B) Front tibia, lateral aspect, C) Front tarsus, dorsal aspect, D) Abdomen, dorsal aspect.

Fig. 5. Cafius algarum. A) Male tergite VIII, dorsal aspect, B) Male sternite VIII, ventral aspect, C) Male sternite IX, ventral aspect, D) Male laterotergal sclerite and tergite X, dorsal aspect, E) Female sternite VIII, ventral aspect, F) Gonocoxite, ventral aspect, G) Female tergite X, dorsal aspect, H) Aedeagus, dorsal aspect, I) Aedeagus, lateral aspect, J) Paramere, underside. Scales = 0.1 mm.