Allotropa Foerster , 1856

van Noort, Simon, Lahey, Zachary, Talamas, Elijah J., Austin, Andrew D., Masner, Lubomir, Polaszek, Andrew & Johnson, Norman F., 2021, Review of Afrotropical sceliotracheline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87, pp. 115-222 : 115

Allotropa Foerster, 1856

Figs 9 , 10

Allotropa Förster, 1856: 106, 109 (original description. Type: Inostemma mecrida Walker, by monotypy. Keyed); Marshall 1873: 17 (catalogue of species of Britain); Howard 1886: 173 (keyed); Cresson 1887: 84, 248 (keyed, catalogue of species of U.S. and Canada); Ashmead 1893: 248, 250 (description, keyed); Dalla Torre 1898: 493 (catalogue of species); Ashmead 1903: 95, 96 (keyed); Kieffer 1914: 356, 373 (description, keyed); Kieffer 1916: 549 (description, keyed); Kieffer 1926: 560, 571 (description, keyed, key to species); Morley 1929: 49 (catalogue of species of Britain); Jansson 1939: 174 (keyed); Maneval 1940: 115 (keyed); Tomšík 1950: 51 (description); Muesebeck and Walkley 1951: 707 (catalogue of species of U.S. and Canada); Muesebeck and Walkley 1956: 328 (citation of type species); Muesebeck and Masner 1967: 300, second supplement to Muesebeck and Walkley (1951); De Santis 1967: 227 (catalogue of species of Argentina); Hellén 1968: 46 (description); Kozlov 1971: 56 (keyed); Fabritius and Grellmann 1971: 6 (keyed); Kozlov 1977: 80 (keyed); Fergusson 1978: 120 (checklist of species of Britain); Kozlov 1978: 656 (key to species of the European USSR); Muesebeck 1979: 1173 (catalogue of species of U.S. and Canada); Mani and Sharma 1982: 204 (description); Masner and Huggert 1989: 45 (description, species list); Vlug 1995: 11 (catalogued, catalogue of world species); Austin and Field 1997: 56, 68 (structure of ovipositor system, discussion of phylogenetic relationships); Buhl 1999: 18 (key to species of Fennoscandia and Denmark); Buhl 2002: 311 (key to species of the New World); Loiácono and Margaría 2002: 555 (catalogue of Brazilian species); Buhl and Choi 2006: 122 (keyed); Ghahari and Buhl 2011: 331 (species of Iran).

Eurostemma Szelényi, 1938: 102 (original description. Type: Inostemma europus Walker, by monotypy and original designation. Synonymized by Vlug and Graham (1984)); Maneval 1940: 116 (keyed); Muesebeck and Walkley 1956: 353 (citation of type species).

Nasdia Nixon, 1942: 462 (original description. Type: Nasdia prosper Nixon, by monotypy and original designation. Synonymized by Masner and Huggert (1989)) Muesebeck and Walkley 1956: 373 (citation of type species).

Platytropa Kozlov, 1977: 79, 80 (original description. Type: Platytropa helenae Kozlov, by monotypy and original designation. Keyed. Synonymized by Masner and Huggert (1989)).

Diagnosis.

Head in dorsal view wider than long, subellipsoidal to lens-like. Occipital pit not developed. Temples very short to almost absent. Posterior ocellus at most 1 diameter distant from inner orbit; OOL<LOL. Facial and malar striae absent. Mandibles long, bidentate and crossing scissor-like. Female antenna with semi-abrupt 3-merous clava; male antenna often with whorls of long, erect bristles on A3-A7. Mesosoma with notauli absent. Scutoscutellar sulcus foveolate. Propodeum centrally with elevated, glabrous central keel or triangular bulge. Netrion not developed. Transepisternal line deep and horseshoe-shaped; metapleuron and sides of propodeum hairy. Tarsal formula 5-5-5 (4-4-4 in one undescribed species). T1 transverse, longitudinally costate. Metasoma with lateral edge indistinct.

Species richness.

Allotropa canopyana Buhl, 2011 (Tanzania).

Allotropa delottococci Buhl, 2019 (South Africa. Introduced to Spain).

Allotropa fusca Buhl, 2011 (Tanzania).

Allotropa kamburovi Annecke & Prinsloo, 1977 (South Africa) (Fig. 9 ).

Allotropa loundsburyi Ashmead, 1901 (South Africa).

Allotropa magnini Risbec, 1955 (Ivory Coast).

Allotropa pauliana Risbec, 1955 (Madagascar).

Allotropa species (South Africa) (Fig. 10 ).

Distribution.

Afrotropical: Ivory Coast, Madagascar, South Africa, Tanzania. Cosmopolitan, excluding Antarctica and New Zealand ( Vlug 1995).

Biology.

Solitary and gregarious endoparasitoids of mealybugs and cochineals ( Hemiptera , Sternorrhyncha , Pseudococcidae and Dactylopiidae ).

Figures

Figure 9. Allotropa kamburovi paratype female (SANC) (A-D) and Allotropa loundsburyi lectotype female (MZLU) (E, F) A head, anterior view B habitus, dorsal view C antenna, lateral view D wings, dorsal view E habitus, lateral view F slide preparation with data labels.

Figure 10. Allotropa species female (SAMC) (SAM-HYM-P 034571) A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, mesosoma, dorsal view D propodeum, metasoma, dorsal view E head, anterior view (inset: data labels) F wings, ventral view.