Sinopoda pantherina, Chae & Lee & Kim, 2022

Chae, Junho, Lee, Jun-Gi & Kim, Sam-Kyu, 2022, Taxonomic study on Sinopoda Jaeger, 1999 (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae), with three new species from Korea, ZooKeys 1114, pp. 77-104 : 77

Sinopoda pantherina sp. nov.

Figs 10 , 11 , 12 , 13

Type material.

Holotype ♂ Republic Of Korea: Gyeongsangnam-do, Geoje-si, Gohyeon-dong, rock piles above leaf litter, walls; 34°52.20'N, 128°36.73'E; ca. 454 m; 14 Jul. 2016; J. Chae leg. Paratype 1 ♀ same data as holotype.

Etymology.

The specific epithet Sinopoda pantherina is derived from the Latin adjective pantherinus, - a, - um, meaning leopard-like, originating from the coloration pattern of live specimens (Fig. 13D, E ).

Diagnosis.

This species can be distinguished from other congeners by the combination of following characteristics: Male-distal portion of cymbium distinctly bent ventrally; embolus with membranous flange extended prolaterally; embolic apophysis distally truncated with membranous flange slightly extended ventrally; spermophore strongly curved; vRTA slightly curved inwardly and distally blunt in ventral view, thumb-shaped in retrolateral view. Female-epigyne with slightly elongated sclerotized epigynal bulges; lateral lobes with indistinct median furrow, posteromedially with deep and wide indentation; anterolateral margin of lateral lobes almost linear, posterior margin without humps; lobal septum narrow and triangular, without indentation; glandular appendages nearly linear, slightly longer than posterior part of vulva.

Description.

Male (holotype) Measurements: Total Length: 11.20, PL: 5.32, PW: 5.47, OL: 5.88, OW: 3.66, AW: 2.87. Eyes: AME: 0.25, ALE: 0.37, PME: 0.30, PLE: 0.42, AME-AME: 0.17, AME-ALE: 0.09, PME-PME: 0.25, PME-PLE: 0.37, AME-PME: 0.40, ALE-PLE: 0.37, clypeus AME: 1.11, clypeus ALE: 1.10. Palp: 5.76 (1.74, 1.08, 0.83, 2.11). Legs: I 30.84 (7.58, 2.24, 8.71, 9.19, 3.12), II 35.02 (9.33, 2.63, 9.79, 10.10, 3.17), III 27.11 (7.23, 2.85, 6.85, 7.30, 2.88), IV 29.35 (7.59, 2.59, 7.50, 8.95, 2.72). Leg formula: II-IV-I-III. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2111, 1000. Legs: Fe I-II 323, III 302, IV 321, Pa I-III 101, IV 001, Ti I 1328, II 1318, III 2126, IV 2226, Mt I 1024, II 1216, III 1016, IV 2026. Chelicerae: furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth.

Palp: As per diagnosis (Figs 10A-C , 11A-C ). Distal portion of cymbium distinctly bent ventrally. Embolus slender, arising from tegulum at 6:30-7- o’clock-position, shorter than embolic apophysis, distally curved with membranous flange extended prolaterally. Embolic apophysis wider than embolus, curved perpendicularly, distally truncated. Conductor arising from tegulum at 1:00-1:30- o’ clock-position. Tegulum slightly covered proximal portion of embolus. dRTA longer than vRTA, curved nearly perpendicularly and distally tapered. vRTA distinctly wider than dRTA in retrolateral view.

Coloration in ethanol. (Fig. 12A, B ): Prosoma: Carapace yellowish brown, covered with dark brown hairs making radial pattern, posterior margin with pale yellow horizontal band. Cervical groove and median groove reddish brown. Sternum pale yellow. Opisthosoma: dorsally covered with dark grey hairs, anterior portion with pair of irregular black spots laterally and longitudinal ivory stripe medially, ventrally brown medially, and laterally dark brown. Chelicerae: reddish brown with brown stripes. Palp and legs: yellowish brown.

Female (paratype) Measurements: Total length: 15.18, PL: 7.64, PW: 6.72, OL: 7.54, OW: 4.20, AW: 3.98. Eyes: AME: 0.27, ALE: 0.49, PME: 0.30, PLE: 0.47, AME-AME: 0.27, AME-ALE: 0.13, PME-PME: 0.45, PME-PLE: 0.53, AME-PME: 0.43, ALE-PLE: 0.54, clypeus AME: 0.47, clypeus ALE: 0.43. Palp: 9.52 (3.11, 1.37, 2.04, 3.00). Legs: I 26.38 (7.56, 3.13, 7.04, 6.61, 2.04), II 26.93 (7.96, 3.47, 7.56, 5.94, 2.00), III 24.40 (7.21, 2.89, 6.29, 5.71, 2.30), IV 26.92 (7.42, 3.02, 6.84, 7.21, 2.43). Leg formula: II-IV-I-III. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014. Legs: Fe I-II 323, III 332/322, IV 331, Pa I 001, II-III 101, IV 101/001, Ti I 1018, II 1118, III-IV 2126, Mt I 0004, II 1014, III-IV 2026. Chelicerae: furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth.

Copulatory organ: As per diagnosis (Figs 10D, E , 11D, E ). Epigynal field wider than long, with slit sensilla, anteromedially with weakly elongated sclerotized epigynal bulges. Epigynal pockets running from laterally to anteromedially. Internal duct system long as wide, anteriorly slightly bulged, posterior part slightly shorter than anterior part. Glandular appendage distally rounded, pointing posterolaterally. Median part of vulva as long as posterior part. Fertilization ducts curved and pointing posterolaterally.

Coloration in ethanol. (Fig. 12C, D ): Generally same as male, but slightly darker.

Coloration in live specimen. (Fig. 13D, E ): Prosoma: Carapace covered with pale brown hairs, cephalic area with pair of dark brown marks and dark brown median longitudinal line, thoracic area with many dark brown marks, making radial pattern. Opisthosoma: reddish brown, anteromedially with pale brown longitudinal mark, medially with two pairs of black spots on muscle sigillae, posterior muscle sigillae with pair of small ivory marks anteriorly, posteriorly with two pairs of ivory chevrons, one large triangular mark. Palp and legs: reddish brown, distally darker, spines with ivory dots, and dark brown ring patterns.

Distribution.

Republic of Korea (known only from the type locality) (Fig. 15 ).

Remarks.

The male of Sinopoda pantherina sp. nov. is similar to Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov. (Figs 1A-C , 2A-C ) in having broadened membranous structure and similar RTA but can be distinguished from the latter by: 1) embolic apophysis distally blunt and truncated (distally tapered in S. bigibba ), 2) spermophore slightly curved in ventral view (distinctly curved in S. bigibba ), and 3) vRTA 1.5 × wider than dRTA in retrolateral view (~ 3 × wider than dRTA in retrolateral view in S. bigibba ).

Female of Sinopoda pantherina sp. nov. is similar to Sinopoda aureola Kim, Lee & Lee, 2014 ( Kim et al. 2014: 282, figs 3E, F, 4E, F) in having epigynal bulges and glandular appendages directed posterolaterally, however this species can be distinguished from S. aureola by: 1) lobal septum without median indentation (with medial longitudinal indentation in S. aureola ), 2) glandular appendages linear, slightly longer than posterior part of internal ducts (posteriorly curved, distinctly longer than posterior part of internal ducts in S. aureola ), and 3) reddish brown coloration in live habitus (yellowish brown in S. aureola ).

Figures

Figure 1. Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov., male palp and female epigyne A-C male palp (A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral) D, E female copulatory organ from Is. Gukhwado (D ventral E dorsal) F, G female copulatory organ from Is. Gureopdo (F ventral G dorsal). Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-C); 0.5 mm (D-G).

Figure 2. Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov., illustrations of male palp and female epigyne A-C male palp (A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral) D, E female copulatory organ from Is. Gukhwado (D ventral E dorsal). Abbreviations: C conductor dRTA dorsal branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis E embolus EA embolic apophysis FB fusion bubble FD fertilization duct GA glandular appendage LL lateral lobes LS lobal septum MS membranous duct SP spermophore ST subtegulum TE tegulum vRTA ventral branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-C); 0.5 mm (D, E).

Figure 10. Sinopoda pantherina sp. nov., male palp and female epigyne A-C male palp (A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral) D, E female copulatory organ (D ventral E dorsal). Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-C); 0.5 mm (D, E).

Figure 11. Sinopoda pantherina sp. nov., illustrations of male palp and female epigyne A-C male palp (A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral) D, E female copulatory organ (D ventral E dorsal). Abbreviations: C conductor dRTA dorsal branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis E embolus EA embolic apophysis EP epigynal pocket FD fertilization duct GA glandular appendage LL lateral lobes LS lobal septum MS membranous duct SP spermophore SS slit sensillum ST subtegulum TE tegulum vRTA ventral branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-C); 0.5 mm (D, E).

Figure 12. Sinopoda pantherina sp. nov., habitus in ethanol A, B male holotype (A dorsal B ventral) C, D female paratype (C dorsal D ventral). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figure 13. Live statements of Sinopoda spp. A, B Sinopoda bogil sp. nov. (A male, dorsal view B female, dorsal view) C Sinopoda bigibba sp. nov., dorsal view of paratype female from Taean-gun D, E Sinopoda pantherina sp. nov., from Geoje-si (D dorsal view of juvenile female E dorsal view of adult female). Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B).

Figure 15. Distribution map of new and revalidated Sinopoda species and its comparable species in Korea, Japan, and China. A circle indicates the new species and reinstated species; a triangle indicates the other recorded species.