Deltocyathus calcar Pourtalès, 1874

Reyes, Javier, Santodomingo, Nadiezhda & Cairns, Stephen, 2009, Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean, Zootaxa 2262 (1), pp. 1-39 : 15-16

Deltocyathus calcar Pourtalès, 1874

Figs. 3C–D

Deltocyathus agassizii var. calcar Pourtalès, 1874: 35–36 , pl. 6, fig. 11.

Deltocyathus calcar Cairns, 1979: 93–95 , pl. 17, figs. 7–10, pl. 18, fig. 7, Map 22 (description and synonymy).— Viada & Cairns, 1987: 132.— Zibrowius, 1988: 135 (listed).—Prahl & Erhardt, 1989: 545.— Cairns et al., 1991: 47 (common name).— Cairns et al., 1994: 4 (listed).— Pires, 1997: 182.—Lattig, 2000: 124–125, fig. 66.— Reyes et al., 2005: 324 (listed).— Kitahara, 2007: 502–503, fig. 3J.— Santodomingo et al., 2007: 286 (listed).

Remarks: This species can be distinguished from other Atlantic Deltocyathus species by their wide and rounded C1, which bears a large and prominent spine projected up until a distance equal to the calicular radius. It is also common to observe specimens with reduced spines or even without them, and some specimens with two spines on each costae. The base of D. calcar show a high variability, from conical, slightly rounded to almost flat ( Cairns 1979). This variability of base shape can be the result of the substrate type where the larvae settled on; therefore, specimens growing on muddy bottoms develop conical bases, while sandy bottoms dwellers have rounded or flat bases ( Reyes 2001; 2005). D. calcar is one of the most common azooxanthellate coral species living on the Colombian continental shelf. It was present in almost all localities, between 150 and 300 m depth.

Distribution: Western Atlantic, from 33º39'N to 25º15'S, including Bermuda, Bahamas, the eastern Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean ( Cairns 2000); from 81 to 675 m depth. In Colombia, D. calcar has been collected throughout the Colombian Caribbean, from Punta Gallinas (nearby the limits with Venezuela) till the Gulf of Uraba (nearby the Panama border), including localities around the San Andres and Old Providence Archipelago; depth ranging from 150 to 520 m.

Material: USNM 46267 , 475 specimens , P-1354; INV CNI458 , 3 specimens , E2; INV CNI459 , 1 specimen , E17; INV CNI460 , 1 specimen , E32; INV CNI461 , 2 specimens , E35; INV CNI462 , 35 specimens , E36; INV CNI463 , 33 specimens , E36; INV CNI464 , 58 specimens , E37; INV CNI465 , 9 specimens , E37; INV CNI466 , 36 specimens , E37; INV CNI467 , 35 specimens , E37; INV CNI468 , 36 specimens , E38; INV CNI469 , specimens, E37; INV CNI470 , 38 specimens , E38; INV CNI471 , 27 specimens , E38; INV CNI472 ,

24 specimens, E45; INV CNI473 , 62 specimens, E45; INV CNI474 , specimens, E46; INV CNI475 , 21 specimens, E46; INV CNI476 , 41 specimens, E46; INV CNI477 , 31 specimens, E47; INV CNI478 , 13 specimens, E47; INV CNI479 , 99 specimens, E45; INV CNI480 , 16 specimens, E48; INV CNI481 , 19 specimens, E48; INV CNI482 , + 100 specimens, E48; INV CNI483 , 30 specimens, E48; INV CNI484 , 35 specimens, E48; INV CNI485 , 27 specimens, E48; INV CNI486 , 23 specimens, E49; INV CNI487 , 40 specimens, E49; INV CNI488 , 13 specimens, E50; INV CNI489 , 4 specimens, E50; INV CNI490,1 specimen, E51; INV CNI491 , 31 specimens, E53; INV CNI492 , 37 specimens, E53; INV CNI493 , 38 specimens, E53; INV CNI494 , 12 specimens, E54; INV CNI495 , 18 specimens, E54; INV CNI496 , 7 specimens, E59; INV CNI497 , 17 specimens, E55; INV CNI498 , 10 specimens, E59; INV CNI499 , specimens, E59; INV CNI500 , 22 specimens, E59; INV CNI501,1 specimen, E62; INV CNI502 , 9 specimens, E63; INV CNI503 , 7 specimens, E63; INV CNI504 , + 70 specimens, E63; INV CNI505 , 5 specimens, E55; INV CNI506 , + 50 specimens, E63; INV CNI507,1 specimen, E61; INV CNI508 , + 50 specimens, E63; INV CNI510 , 30 specimens, E64; INV CNI511 , 30 specimens, E64; INV CNI513 , 30 specimens, E64; INV CNI514 , 9 specimens, E67; INV CNI515 , 12 specimens, E67; INV CNI516 , 20 specimens, E67; INV CNI517 , 20 specimens, E67; INV CNI518 , 6 specimens, E68; INV CNI519 , 7 specimens, E68; INV CNI520 , 10 specimens, E73; INV CNI521 , 22 specimens, E73; INV CNI522 , 7 specimens, E74; INV CNI523 , 4 specimens, E76; INV CNI524 , 11 specimens, E75; INV CNI525 , 4 specimens, E76; INV CNI526 , 10 specimens, E76; INV CNI527 , 9 specimens, E70; INV CNI528 , 27 specimens, E69; INV CNI695 , 7 specimens, E154; INV CNI696 , 3 specimens, E154; INV CNI697 , 74 specimens, E153; INV CNI698 , 79 specimens, E153; INV CNI699 , 11 specimens, E140; INV CNI700 , 37 specimens, E140; INV CNI701,1 specimen, E122; INV CNI702 , 2 specimens, E160; INV CNI703 , 24 specimens, E141; INV CNI704 , 13 specimens, E141; INV CNI705 , 1 specimen, E159; INV CNI706,1 specimen, E142; INV CNI707,1 specimen, E150; INV CNI708 , 2 specimens, E155; INV CNI709 , 1 specimen, E155; INV CNI1608 , 126 specimens, E81; INV CNI1609 , 30 specimens, E83; INV CNI1610 , 138 specimens, E84; INV CNI1611 , 13 specimens, E82; INV CNI2436 , 1 specimen, C2; INV CNI2469 , 3 specimens, E246; INV CNI2575 , 1 specimen, D17; INV CNI2658 , 24 specimens, D36; INV CNI2659 , 58 specimens, D21; INV CNI2660 , 1 specimen, D68; INV CNI2661 , 30 specimens, D35; INV CNI2662 , 10 specimens, D1; INV CNI2663 , 24 specimens, D37; INV CNI2664 , 5 specimens, D75; INV CNI2665 , 3 specimens, D13; INV CNI2666 , 26 specimens, D76; INV CNI2667 , 39 specimens, D16; INV CNI2668 , 20 specimens, D35; INV CNI2669 , 5 specimens, D67; INV CNI2670,1 specimen, D3; INV CNI2671 , 13 specimens, D76; INV CNI2672 , 13 specimens, D31; INV CNI2673 , 46 specimens, D38; INV CNI2674 , 2 specimens, D3; INV CNI2701 , 2 specimens, D11; INV CNI2778 , 2 specimens, D33; INV CNI2820 , 5 specimens, D69; INV CNI2845 , 2 specimens, D18; INV CNI2855 , 18 specimens, C3; INV CNI2856 , 52 specimens, C2; INV CNI2857 , 29 specimens, D9; INV CNI2858 , 2 specimens, D57; INV CNI2859 , 6 specimens, D67; INV CNI2860 , 1 specimen, D22; INV CNI2861 , 1 specimen, D30; INV CNI2862 , 3 specimens, D60; INV CNI2863 , 3 specimens, D34; INV CNI2864 , 5 specimens, D23; INV CNI2865 , 24 specimens, D20; INV CNI2867 , 31 specimens, D46; INV CNI2871 , 11 specimens, D36; INV CNI2936 , 1 specimen, C2.

Figures

FIGURE 3. A, Cladocora arbuscula, INV CNI215, off Santa Marta (Cinto Bay), colony, x 1.5; B, Polycyathus mayae, INV CNI797, off San Bernardo Islands, oblique lateral view, x 10; C–D, Deltocyathus calcar, D17 MARCORAL, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and basal views, both x 4.4; E–F, Deltocyathus sp. cf. D. italicus, INV CNI711, off Cartagena, lateral and calicular views, both x 3; G–H, Deltocyathus eccentricus, INV CNI721, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and lateral views, both x 4.2; I–J, Stephanocyathus (S.) diadema, INV CNI329, off Gulf of Uraba, calicular and basal views, both x 0.7; K–L, Stephanocyathus (S.) paliferus, INV CNI388, off Barranquilla, calicular and basal views, both x 1; M–N, Stephanocyathus (O.) coronatus INV CNI324, Venezuela, Cariaco Basin, calicular and lateral views, both x 1; O–P, Stephanocyathus (S.) isabellae INV CNI694, holotype, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and basal views, both x 2.6; Q–R, Stephanocyathus (S.) isabellae, INV CNI2076, paratype, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and basal views, both x 2.7; S, Thalamophyllia riisei, INV CNI676, off San Bernardo Islands, branching pattern, x 1.4; T, Eusmilia fastigiata; colony from calicular view, x 0.9. Scale bars for A, I–T = 1 cm; C–H = 5 mm; B = 1 mm.